CN110370766A - 复合式隔热结构 - Google Patents

复合式隔热结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110370766A
CN110370766A CN201810380510.4A CN201810380510A CN110370766A CN 110370766 A CN110370766 A CN 110370766A CN 201810380510 A CN201810380510 A CN 201810380510A CN 110370766 A CN110370766 A CN 110370766A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
type heat
insulating structure
composite type
layer
transparent substrate
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Granted
Application number
CN201810380510.4A
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English (en)
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CN110370766B (zh
Inventor
杨修生
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Zirco Applied Materials Co ltd
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Zirco Applied Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出一种复合式隔热结构，其含有第一透明基材层、第二透明基材层、及设置于第一透明基材层与第二透明基材层之间的近红外光屏蔽层，近红外光屏蔽层为多数个含钨氧化物的纳米粒子分布固定于聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯所形成。所述隔热结构在阳光下颜色不会变深，因而同时兼具隔热与采光性质。

Description

复合式隔热结构
技术领域
本发明关于一种隔热结构，且特别是关于一种具有近红外光屏蔽层的复合式隔热结构。
背景技术
胶合玻璃利用高温高压，在两片玻璃间夹入强韧而富热可塑性的树脂中间膜而制成。举例来说，胶合玻璃可以在中间夹着强韧而富粘着力的中间膜，所以不易在受冲击力下被贯穿，且破损后其玻璃片不易飞散，因此比其他种类玻璃具较高的耐震性、防盗性、防爆性、防弹性。
胶合玻璃的树脂中间膜可以加入各种特性。例如，树脂中间膜可以有减轻太阳光中的红外线的机能，可节省冷气设备及电量，增加生活环境舒适度。
为减轻太阳光中的红外线，现有技术会利用钨金属氧化物，来达到隔热的效果。但是，钨金属氧化物不耐阳光中紫外光照射，将导致价电子转移变色，使得现有技术的胶合玻璃有变色的问题，造成使用上的困扰。
低氧化钨(tungsten suboxide，WO3-x)、钨青铜(tungsten bronze)、或三氧化钨本身可阻绝高热。这些钨化合物与有机树脂混合后可于阳光下隔热，但有机树脂易分解产生电子与氢离子因而易与钨化合物发生氧化还原反应，造成钨化合物颜色变深。以三氧化钨为例，氧化还原反应如下所示：WO3(透明)+xH++xe-→HxWO3(深蓝)。碍于这种现象，这些钨化合物无法同时兼具隔热与采光性质，从而降低其于隔热相关产业的应用价值。
隔热胶合玻璃的已知制法，多为直接将隔热/吸热填充剂加入PVB或EVA树脂中，或是将隔热/吸热涂料涂于PVB/EVA薄片后，再用两层黏着层胶合于玻璃中。在此类制法中需要加入多种且繁复的光稳定剂、抑制剂等才能延长含钨隔热/吸热填充剂的寿命。
请参照中国大陆发明专利申请号CN200880101701.7，提出一种玻璃夹层，其含有氧化钨与苯并***基团所形成的聚合物层。虽然这种玻璃夹层具有隔热效果，但长时间处于阳光下颜色仍会变深而无法提供采光，进而局限其应用性。根据该专利的公开资料，在说明书第8页的实施例1的表1中，未添加的照光500小时后，可见光变化率42.8％；添加不够多则变化率也有20％以上。
另外，有些做法是在含钨隔热/吸热填充剂粒子表面包覆氧化硅。
请参照J.Mater.Chem.C,2015,3,8050-8060，Xianzhe Zeng等人提出SiO2包覆CsxWO3所形成的纳米粒子可作为涂层，这种涂层虽然具有隔热与光不易变色等特性，但纳米粒子的包覆方式过于繁琐，进而影响其应用性。
此外，现有制法中以重金属镁盐当稳定剂，不但有环境的问题，或是需要较繁复工序将含钨隔热/吸热填充剂包覆保护，成本较高。
因此，针对上述含有钨化合物的隔热结构提出改良确实为本发明所属技术领域人士积极解决的课题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种复合式隔热结构，其在阳光下长时间后不易变色，进而同时兼具隔热与采光特性。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种复合式隔热结构，解决现有技术中，隔热层中钨金属氧化物不耐阳光中紫外光照射，导致价电子转移变色问题。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种复合式隔热结构，日照后较不易变色。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种复合式隔热结构，具红外光吸收的功能且耐候性佳，可长时间应用于建筑、农用与车用的透明窗、幕墙与天窗时，可充分应用采光，且具有大幅降低红外线热源进入室内的功效。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种复合式隔热结构，以申请人已取得专利的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(polyethylene terephthalate，PET)薄膜为基础，将含钨隔热/吸热填充剂直接添加于PET中，再以PVB或EVA胶合，以解决含钨隔热/吸热填充剂遇UV变色的问题。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种复合式隔热结构，以共挤方式挤出三层结构，以纯PET对隔热PET进行保护，以进行简单快速又能工业化生产的制法。
于是，本发明提出一种复合式隔热结构，其含有第一透明基材层、第二透明基材层、及设置于第一透明基材层与第二透明基材层之间的近红外光屏蔽层，近红外光屏蔽层为多数个含钨氧化物的纳米粒子分布固定于聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(polyethyleneterephthalate，PET)所形成。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，还包括：第一黏着层，设置于所述第一透明基材层与所述近红外光屏蔽层之间；以及第二黏着层，设置于所述第二透明基材层与所述近红外光屏蔽层之间。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，还包括：第一保护层，设置于所述第一透明基材层与所述近红外光屏蔽层之间；以及第二保护层，设置于所述第二透明基材层与所述近红外光屏蔽层之间。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述第一透明基材层为选自由玻璃、聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate)板、及聚丙烯酸酯(polymethyl methacrylate)，PMMA)板所组成的群组，所述第二透明基材层为选自由玻璃、聚碳酸酯板、及聚丙烯酸酯板所组成的群组。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述第一黏着层为选自由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(polyvinyl butyral，PVB)膜及乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(ethylene vinylacetate，EVA)膜及聚氨基甲酸酯(polyurethane,PU)膜所组成的群组，所述第二黏着层为选自由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛膜及乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物膜及聚氨基甲酸酯膜所组成的群组。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述第一保护层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层，所述第二保护层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述第一保护层、所述第二保护层、与所述近红外光屏蔽层为通过共挤法一起形成的。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述近红外光屏蔽层包括以重量百分比计为80％至99.99％的所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，及0.01％至20％的所述多数个含钨氧化物的纳米粒子。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述近红外光屏蔽层包括以所述多数个含钨氧化物的纳米粒子为重量为0.01至10克散布并固定于每平方米的所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述含钨氧化物的纳米粒子为选自由低氧化钨纳米粒子、三氧化钨纳米粒子、及钨青铜纳米粒子所组成的群组；所述低氧化钨以WOx表示，W表示钨元素，O表示氧元素，x表示氧元素的原子数，2.2≦x＜3；所述钨青铜以AyWOz表示，A表示主族元素，W表示钨元素，O表示氧元素，y表示主族元素的原子数，0.1≦y≦1，z表示氧元素的原子数，2.2≦x≦3。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述主族元素为锂(Li)、钠(Na)、钾(K)、铷(Rb)、铯(Cs)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钡(Ba)、铝(Al)、镓(Ga)、碳(C)、硅(Si)、锡(Sn)、锑(Sb)、氟(F)、氯(Cl)、溴(Br)、或碘(I)。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述低氧化钨的化学式为WO2.72。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述钨青铜的化学式为Cs0.33WO3。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述近红外光屏蔽层的厚度为1至1000μm。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述近红外光屏蔽层的厚度为12至250μm。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述含钨氧化物的纳米粒子的粒径为1至800nm。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述第一黏着层的厚度为0.38至1.52mm，所述第二黏着层的厚度为0.38至1.52mm。特别是0.38、0.76、1.14、1.52mm等四个厚度。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，将所述复合式隔热结构于温度60℃以下，以波长310nm、强度0.63W/m2的紫外线照射8小时，再以温度50℃的水冷凝处理4小时，重复循环处理超过500小时后，所述复合式隔热结构实质上透明。
在本发明的实施例中，所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，将所述复合式隔热结构于温度60℃以下，以波长310nm、强度0.63W/m2的紫外线照射8小时，再以温度50℃的水冷凝处理4小时，重复循环处理超过500小时后，所述复合式隔热结构变色率小于1％。
根据本发明，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯可避免含钨的氧化物与电子及氢离子发生氧化还原反应以致不会颜色变深。如此一来，在含钨的氧化物提供隔热效果下，所提的隔热产品仍可提供采光，进而增加此隔热产品的产业应用价值。
附图说明
本发明的实施方式，以后述简单说明结合图式予以描述：
图1为剖面示意图，说明本发明的实施方式的复合式隔热结构。
图2为剖面示意图，说明本发明的另一实施方式的复合式隔热结构。
具体实施方式
为让本发明上述及/或其他目的、功效、特征更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，作详细说明：
如图1所示，其为本发明的实施方式的复合式隔热结构，其同时具备阻绝高热与光不易变色等特性，因而兼具隔热与采光性质。本实施方式的隔热结构至少含有第一透明基材层(11)、第二透明基材层(12)、近红外光屏蔽层(13)、第一黏着层(14)、及第二黏着层(15)。
第一透明基材层(11)与第二透明基材层(12)可赋予隔热结构的结构支撑性，其实例可单独地为但不限于玻璃、聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate)板、或聚丙烯酸酯(poly(methylmethacrylate)，PMMA)板。此外，第一透明基材层(11)与第二透明基材层(12)的厚度较佳地单独为2至19mm。
近红外光屏蔽层(13)设置于第一透明基材层(11)及第二透明基材层(12)之间，并为多数个含钨氧化物的纳米粒子分布固定于聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯所形成。聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯可避免含钨氧化物的纳米粒子与电子及氢离子接触进行氧化还原反应，故含钨氧化物的纳米粒子可于不造成颜色变深的条件下赋予隔热结构阻绝高热的效果。此外，近红外光屏蔽层(13)的厚度较佳地为12至250μm，更佳地为18至100μm；以近红外光屏蔽层(13)的总重量计，含钨氧化物的纳米粒子较佳地占0.01至20wt％，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯较佳地占80至99.99wt％。而且，以聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯的总体积计，每平方米的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯含有0.01至10克含钨氧化物的纳米粒子。另外，含钨氧化物的纳米粒子的实例可为但不限于低氧化钨纳米粒子、三氧化钨纳米粒子、或钨青铜纳米粒子；低氧化钨可以WOx表示，W表示钨元素，O表示氧元素，x表示氧元素的原子数，2.2≦x＜3；钨青铜可以AyWOz表示，A表示主族元素，如锂(Li)、钠(Na)、钾(K)、铷(Rb)、铯(Cs)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钡(Ba)、铝(Al)、镓(Ga)、碳(C)、硅(Si)、锡(Sn)、锑(Sb)、氟(F)、氯(Cl)、溴(Br)、或碘(I)，W表示钨元素，O表示氧元素，y表示主族元素的原子数，0.1≦y≦1，z表示氧元素的原子数，2.2≦x≦3。
第一黏着层(14)设置于第一透明基材层(11)与近红外光屏蔽层(13)之间，其赋予近红外光屏蔽层(13)于第一透明基材层(11)上的附着性。第一黏着层(14)的厚度较佳地为0.38至0.76mm，而其实例可为但不限于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(polyvinyl butyral，PVB)膜或乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(ethylene vinyl acetate，EVA)膜及聚氨基甲酸酯(polyurethane,PU)。须说明的是，聚乙烯醇缩丁醛除了可提升层与层之间的黏着性外，本身另有耐热、耐寒、耐湿、与高机械强度等特性，因此可提升隔热结构整体的应用性。
第二黏着层(15)设置于第二透明基材层(12)与近红外光屏蔽层(13)之间。可理解的是，其功效与相关特征如第一黏着层(14)所述，于此不再赘述。
如图2所示，其为本发明的另一实施方式的复合式隔热结构，其功效与相关特征如前一实施方式所述，差异如下：
第一透明基材层(11)与近红外光屏蔽层(13)之间设置有第一保护层(16)，第二透明基材层(12)与近红外光屏蔽层(13)之间设置有第二保护层(17)，而这些保护层可确保近红外光屏蔽层(13)中的含钨氧化物的纳米粒子不会与电子及氢离子接触而发生氧化还原反应。如此一来，更可稳定隔热结构不会变色的特性。更具体地说，第一保护层(16)设置于第一黏着层(14)与近红外光屏蔽层(13)之间，而第二保护层(17)设置于第二黏着层(15)与近红外光屏蔽层(13)之间。第一保护层(16)与第二保护层(17)的实例可为但不限于聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层，选用聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层的好处在于其可与近红外光屏蔽层(13)通过共挤法一起形成，进而达到制造迅速的目的。
以下列实例例示说明本发明：
以下实例的组成成分有含钨氧化物的纳米粒子与聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯混合固定的近红外光屏蔽层为发明人自行制备的，可参考中国台湾发明专利申请号103120233；聚乙烯醇缩丁醛与乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物为市售品，可购自如首诺(Solutia)、佳士福(Trosifol)、积水(Sekesui)、杜邦(Dupont)、建滔、台塑、德渊；玻璃为市售品，可购自如台湾玻璃、旭硝子(AGC)。表1陈列出不同实例的结构组合，且层与层之间为依序堆叠的。
表1、各实例隔热结构的组成与光学特性
将上述每一隔热结构先于60℃下以波长310nm、强度0.63W/m2的UV照射8小时，再以50℃的水冷凝处理4小时，如此重复循环超过500小时后，测试每一隔热结构的可见光穿透变化率，其变色率小于1％。结果如表1所示，可看出相对于比较例，实施例几乎无光变色性质，即实质上透明。
综上所述，本发明的隔热结构于阳光下不易变色，因此可谓具有采光性质的隔热结构。如此一来，其可应用于汽车、建筑等须隔热的对象上。
本发明已利用上述较佳实施例揭示，但是其并非用以限定本发明，本发明所属技术领域中的技术人员，应清楚了解本发明并不受限于上述说明性实施方式的细节，本发明得以其他特定形式实施而不脱离本发明的基本精神，实施方式仅为说明本发明，而非限制本发明，本发明以权利要求书为依据，而非以上述说明为依据，权利要求书的意义及均等范围中所有变型均属本发明的范围。
符号说明：
(11)第一透明基材层
(12)第二透明基材层
(13)近红外光屏蔽层
(14)第一黏着层
(15)第二黏着层
(16)第一保护层
(17)第二保护层

Claims (19)

1.一种复合式隔热结构，包括：
第一透明基材层；
第二透明基材层；以及
近红外光屏蔽层，设置于所述第一透明基材层与所述第二透明基材层之间，并为多数个含钨氧化物的纳米粒子分布固定于聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(polyethyleneterephthalate，PET)所形成。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合式隔热结构，还包括：
第一黏着层，设置于所述第一透明基材层与所述近红外光屏蔽层之间；以及
第二黏着层，设置于所述第二透明基材层与所述近红外光屏蔽层之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的复合式隔热结构，还包括：
第一保护层，设置于所述第一透明基材层与所述近红外光屏蔽层之间；以及
第二保护层，设置于所述第二透明基材层与所述近红外光屏蔽层之间。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述第一透明基材层为选自由玻璃、聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate)板、及聚丙烯酸酯(polymethyl methacrylate，PMMA)板所组成的群组，所述第二透明基材层为选自由玻璃、聚碳酸酯板、及聚丙烯酸酯板所组成的群组。
5.如权利要求2所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述第一黏着层为选自由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(polyvinyl butyral，PVB)膜、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(ethylene vinyl acetate，EVA)膜及聚氨基甲酸酯(polyurethane，PU)所组成的群组，所述第二黏着层为选自由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛膜、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物膜及聚氨基甲酸酯(polyurethane，PU)所组成的群组。
6.如权利要求3所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述第一保护层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层，所述第二保护层为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯层。
7.如权利要求6所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述第一保护层、所述第二保护层、与所述近红外光屏蔽层为通过共挤法一起形成的。
8.如权利要求1所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述近红外光屏蔽层包括以重量百分比计为80至99.99％的所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，及0.01至20％的所述多数个含钨氧化物的纳米粒子。
9.如权利要求8所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述近红外光屏蔽层包括以所述多数个含钨氧化物的纳米粒子为重量为0.01至10克散布并固定于每平方米的所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中。
10.如权利要求1所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述含钨氧化物的纳米粒子为选自由低氧化钨纳米粒子、三氧化钨纳米粒子、及钨青铜纳米粒子所组成的群组；所述低氧化钨以WOx表示，W表示钨元素，O表示氧元素，x表示氧元素的原子数，2.2≦x＜3；所述钨青铜以AyWOz表示，A表示主族元素，W表示钨元素，O表示氧元素，y表示主族元素的原子数，0.1≦y≦1，z表示氧元素的原子数，2.2≦x≦3。
11.如权利要求10所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述主族元素为锂(Li)、钠(Na)、钾(K)、铷(Rb)、铯(Cs)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)、钡(Ba)、铝(Al)、镓(Ga)、碳(C)、硅(Si)、锡(Sn)、锑(Sb)、氟(F)、氯(Cl)、溴(Br)、或碘(I)。
12.如权利要求10所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述低氧化钨的化学式为WO2.72。
13.如权利要求11所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述钨青铜的化学式为Cs0.33WO3。
14.如权利要求1所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述近红外光屏蔽层的厚度为1至1000μm。
15.如权利要求14所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述近红外光屏蔽层的厚度为12至250μm。
16.如权利要求1所述的复合式隔热结构，其中所述含钨氧化物的纳米粒子的粒径为1至800nm。
17.如权利要求2所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，所述第一黏着层的厚度为0.38至1.52mm，所述第二黏着层的厚度为0.38至1.52mm。
18.如权利要求1所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，将所述复合式隔热结构于温度60℃以下，以波长310nm、强度0.63W/m2的紫外线照射8小时，再以温度50℃的水冷凝处理4小时，重复循环处理超过500小时后，所述复合式隔热结构实质上透明。
19.如权利要求1所述的复合式隔热结构，其中，将所述复合式隔热结构于温度60℃以下，以波长310nm、强度0.63W/m2的紫外线照射8小时，再以温度50℃的水冷凝处理4小时，重复循环处理超过500小时后，所述复合式隔热结构变色率小于1％。
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