CN110367426B - 一种超声-电极-纳米多孔膜耦合制氢灭菌*** - Google Patents
一种超声-电极-纳米多孔膜耦合制氢灭菌*** Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种超声‑电极‑纳米多孔膜耦合制氢灭菌***,包括容器,以及设置在容器内的若干个制氢单元,所述制氢单元包括腔体,以及位于腔体内的宽频超声发生器、环形产氢电极,所述环形产氢电极包绕宽频超声发生器;所述腔体底的底膜为内疏水外亲水膜;所述侧膜为内亲水外疏水膜,竖直安装或斜向上呈0°~45°安装。该***具有连续、高效促进液态体系自循环微流、溶氢(呈纳米气泡)及界面‑体相气泡转化、分散、杀菌等功能,所制备抗菌功能饮料的含氢量高(3~6ppm),其中富氢纳米气泡直径可分布于20~1000nm,未密封状态也可稳定保留8~36h以上。本发明的制备方法简单、智能、高效且产品高质、绿色、保健,避免大量充氢浪费与高压能耗,防止加工二次污染体系,满足食品级需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生成富氢纳米气泡的单元组合***及其制备抗菌功能饮品的方法,属于液体食品加工技术领域。
背景技术
随着氢气科学的日益发展,人们对于氢气与人类健康医疗、饮食的认知与需求也在不断提高。氢是自然界最简单、分子最小、分布最广泛的元素,早在2007年就由日本科学家发现了氢气的选择抗氧化能力,进而引起众多学者争相研究。氢气的穿透力强、扩散速度快的特点,可以进入机体的任何部位发挥抗氧化、抗炎、抗凋亡等机制。相比于其他常用食品级抗氧化剂(如维生素C、多酚类物质等),氢气自身结构简单且反应产物简单无害、易排出无残留,且选择性地与活性/毒性强的活性氧自由基结合,而不破坏其他重要活性氧信号分子。
氢气最常应用的方法就是制备成富氢液体,尤其是富氢水。然而现有技术中,除富氢液体饮品的品种单一外,其溶氢方式也基本以充入氢气、高压增溶为主,尤其是带离子与内溶物的饮料体系,溶氢含量普遍较低(0.2~2.2 ppm)、溶氢体积偏大(肉眼可见气泡或微米级气泡)、氢气泡上浮易破裂、稳定性差;纯电解法、化学反应法制氢则容易产生副产物,对液体造成二次污染,这极大地影响了富氢饮品的抗氧化、抗菌与保健功能,以及优质的多层次口感与多元化品类。最近研究发现,将气体以纳米级尺寸溶解于水中具有宏观原理(亨利定律)无法解释的超饱和溶解率与气泡稳定现象,尤其是在疏水表面,由于纳米气泡的微界面张力、表面能、纳米效应等作用,纳米气泡可以持久而稳定存在。因此,传统及现有的富氢饮品的制备方法亟待科学升级,以满足广大消费者日益增长的对富氢饮品既健康又美味的多向需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术存在的不足,提供一种超声-电极-纳米多孔膜耦合制氢灭菌***。该***可便捷、智能、绿色地产生直径分布于20~1000 nm的富氢纳米气泡,溶氢(3~6 ppm)上浮缓慢且非密闭状态也可稳定存在8~36 h以上,所制备富氢饮品的抗氧化与抗菌功能显著,口感较原有饮品更加丰富、多元有层次。
为实现上述目的,本发明具体技术方案如下:
一种超声-电极-纳米多孔膜耦合制氢灭菌***,包括容器,以及设置在容器内的若干个制氢单元,所述制氢单元包括腔体,以及位于腔体内的宽频超声发生器、环形产氢电极,所述环形产氢电极包绕宽频超声发生器;所述腔体底的底膜为内疏水外亲水膜;所述侧膜为内亲水外疏水膜,竖直安装或斜向上呈0°~45°安装。该膜组装自循环***形成氢气纳米气泡的同时,防止液体中大颗粒与大分子进入反应环境、促进氢气富集扩散、避免反应副产物二次污染。顶盖由不透气材料构成。
进一步地,所述底膜采用纳米级(<1000 nm 孔径)的陶瓷、纤维、金属有机框架等无毒材料制备。
进一步地,所述宽频超声发生器的可调节范围包括但不限于20KHz~400KHz,处于反应器中心位置向四周辐射波。
进一步地,该***容器出水口处还安装有一氢气测试仪。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的超声-电极-纳米多孔膜耦合制氢灭菌***具有连续、高效促进液态体系自循环微流、溶氢(呈纳米气泡)及界面-体相气泡转化、分散、杀菌等功能,所制备抗菌功能饮料的含氢量高(3~6 ppm),其中富氢纳米气泡直径可分布于20~1000 nm,未密封状态也可稳定保留8~36 h以上,所制备富氢饮品的抗氧化与抗菌功能显著,口感较原有饮品更加丰富、多元有层次。本发明的***简单、智能、高效且产品高质、绿色、保健,避免大量充氢浪费与高压能耗,防止加工二次污染体系,满足食品级需求。
附图说明
图1为本发明采用超声-电极-纳米多孔膜耦合制氢气纳米气泡的微循环***及其容器设计。
图2为本发明采用纳米多孔膜及过程说明。
图3为本发明采用产氢微***阵列。
图中,1 宽频超声发生器、2 环形产氢电极、3 食品级纳米多孔侧膜、4 食品级纳米多孔底膜、5 顶盖、6 界面纳米气泡、7 体相纳米气泡、8 容器、9 进料口、10 出料口、11液体循环溶氢管
具体实施方式
如图1和3所示,一种超声-电极-纳米多孔膜耦合制氢灭菌***,包括容器8,以及设置在容器8内的若干个制氢单元,所述制氢单元包括腔体,以及位于腔体内的宽频超声发生器1、环形产氢电极2,所述环形产氢电极2包绕宽频超声发生器1;所述腔体底的底膜4为内疏水外亲水膜;侧膜3为内亲水外疏水膜,竖直安装或斜向上呈0°~45°安装。倾斜角度时有利于延长体相纳米气泡生成过程、进一步减小气泡直径。该膜组装自循环***形成氢气纳米气泡的同时,防止液体中大颗粒与大分子进入反应环境、促进氢气富集扩散、避免反应副产物二次污染。顶盖由不透气材料构成。
使用时,液体从容器8通入直至充满整个容器8并覆盖制氢单元。如图2所示,液体通过内疏水外亲水膜的底膜4进入制氢单元并在环形电极2作用下反应生成氢气,当大量氢气富集在侧膜3上时,关闭环形电极2,控制宽频超声发生器1对氢气液体混合体系造成线性振荡与空化效应,协同多孔膜作用形成界面氢气纳米气泡并逐步转化为20~1000 nm的体相氢气纳米气泡;体相氢气纳米气泡通过制氢单元侧膜3内亲水外疏水膜重新排回容器8中,完成溶氢。而且,由于密度差异,富氢纳米气泡液体在呈微上浮趋势,非富氢纳米气泡液体微下沉,并在水压作用(P=ρgh;液体饮品ρ越大、底膜距离液面h越深,则促流压力P越高)与膜吸力作用下再次进入制氢单元中,形成微通道内循环溶氢,实现液体的大量、均匀的溶氢。待制氢一定时间后,打开容器上部出水口导出富氢液体并灌装;
在整个制氢过程中,环形电极2所产热应控制低于30℃,温度越低,水分子间的填充空隙增大、水合作用越强,有利于氢气发生与溶解平衡。宽频超声发生器1的可调节范围包括但不限于20KHz~400KHz,处于反应器中心位置向四周辐射波。无需额外高压,低频促进纳米气泡生长,基于侧面外表面疏水膜振荡保护界面纳米气泡带扩散;高频促进液体形成气爆空化并辅助体相纳米气泡的大量生成。进一步地,通入液体从制氢单元底膜4,先电极作用生成氢气,后短时低频-高频轮转超声(5~20 min)协同多孔膜作用形成20~1000 nm氢气纳米气泡,减小水分子团并与其混合分散。
而且,制氢过程中,超声空化与一部分气泡破裂的能量释放与微射流效应能对液体的进行快速杀菌;当灌装后富氢纳米气泡(根据Young-Laplace方程推算内部高压在3-30kPa及以上)在储藏过程中长时微释放进一步对饮品持续杀菌。
进一步地,可在该***容器出水口处安装一氢气测试仪,实时检测出口处液体含氢量是否达标(3~6 ppm),达标即出料。
进一步地,所述底膜采用纳米级(<1000 nm 孔径)的陶瓷、纤维、金属有机框架等无毒材料制备,便于水体渗入,拦截液体中异物进入与反应副产物溶出。产氢电极可为贵金属(如Pt)、非贵金属(如Mg)以及碳玻电极等,反应过程中的副产物由膜净化、阻隔,与传统电解相比避免了污染饮品,增强安全保障。
本发明的***适用的食品体系可以为纯相的水、矿物质水、稀释果汁(含果粒或不含果粒)、奶类、酒类等液体。适用于大多数液体饮品与保健功能饮料。下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述。下列实施例用于说明目的而非用于限制本发明范围。
以下实施例所使用各原料均为市售通用产品,加工所使用生产设备为自设计的超声-电极-纳米多孔膜耦合微***,溶氢量及氢纳米气泡采用氢气测试仪或现常用方法测定。
实施例1:
将纯水从容器底部的管道口通入,直至充满整个反应容器并覆盖制氢单元,液体从制氢单元底部多孔膜进入并在环形电极作用下反应生成氢气,此时控制温度在0℃;氢气大量富集并透过微反应器侧面纳米多孔金属膜时(孔径200 nm;θ = 45°),关闭环形电极,同时宽频超声发生器(20KHz低频5 min;400KHz高频15 min)对氢气液体混合体系造成线性振荡与空化效应,从而形成界面氢气纳米气泡(~300 nm)并逐步转化为体相氢气纳米气泡(~50 nm);超声空化与一部分气泡破裂的能量释放与微射流效应完成对纯水的快速杀菌,打开容器上部出水口导出富氢水(6 ppm;非密封气泡至少稳定约24 h)。
实施例2:
将矿物质水从容器底部的管道口通入,直至充满整个反应容器并覆盖制氢单元,液体从制氢单元底部多孔膜进入并在电极作用下反应生成氢气,此时控制温度在5℃;氢气大量富集并透过微反应器侧面纳米多孔纤维膜时(孔径100 nm;θ = 30°),关闭电极,同时控制超声发生器(50KHz低频3 min;400KHz高频10 min)对氢气液体混合体系造成线性振荡与空化效应,从而形成界面氢气纳米气泡(~150 nm)并逐步转化为体相氢气纳米气泡(~20nm);超声空化与一部分气泡破裂的能量释放与微射流效应完成对纯水的快速杀菌,打开容器上部出水口导出富氢水(4 ppm;非密封气泡至少稳定约36 h)。
实施例3:
将果汁从容器底部的管道口通入,直至充满整个反应容器并覆盖制氢单元,液体从制氢单元底部多孔膜进入并在电极作用下反应生成氢气,此时控制温度在30℃;氢气大量富集并透过微反应器侧面纳米多孔陶瓷膜时(孔径1000 nm;θ = 15°),关闭电极,同时控制超声发生器(20KHz低频5 min;200KHz高频5 min)对氢气液体混合体系造成线性振荡与空化效应,从而形成界面氢气纳米气泡(~1000 nm)并逐步转化为体相氢气纳米气泡(~800nm);超声空化与一部分气泡破裂的能量释放与微射流效应完成对纯水的快速杀菌,打开容器上部出水口导出富氢水(3 ppm;非密封气泡至少稳定约8 h)。
实施例4:
将牛奶从容器底部的管道口通入,直至充满整个反应容器并覆盖制氢单元,液体从制氢单元底部多孔膜进入并在电极作用下反应生成氢气,此时控制温度在0℃;氢气大量富集并透过微反应器侧面纳米多孔金属膜时(孔径500 nm;θ = 0),关闭电极,同时控制超声发生器(30KHz低频2 min;300KHz高频8 min)对氢气液体混合体系造成线性振荡与空化效应,从而形成界面氢气纳米气泡(~550 nm)并逐步转化为体相氢气纳米气泡(~300 nm);超声空化与一部分气泡破裂的能量释放与微射流效应完成对纯水的快速杀菌,打开容器上部出水口导出富氢水(3.5 ppm;非密封气泡至少稳定约12 h)。
对比例1:
将纯水从容器底部的管道口通入,直至充满整个反应容器并覆盖制氢单元,液体从制氢单元底部多孔膜进入并在环形电极作用下反应生成氢气,此时控制温度在0℃;氢气大量富集(无侧膜),关闭环形电极,同时宽频超声发生器(20KHz低频5 min;400KHz高频15min)对氢气液体混合体系造成线性振荡与空化效应,从而形成一定的溶解氢;超声空化与一部分气泡破裂的能量释放与微射流效应完成对纯水的快速杀菌,打开容器上部出水口导出富氢水(0.6 ppm;非密封气泡稳定小于20 min)。
与对比例中无侧膜制备的富氢水相比,实施例中,在疏水表面由于纳米气泡的微界面张力、表面能、纳米效应等作用,使得纳米气泡具有超饱和溶解率,因而实施例制备的富氢水氢含量显著增加,并且气泡可以持久而稳定存在。本发明采用自设计的超声-电极-纳米多孔膜耦合制氢气纳米气泡的微循环***,不仅便捷、智能、绿色地产生直径分布于20~1000 nm的富氢(3~6 ppm)纳米气泡,非密封也可稳定存在8~36 h以上,并且由此所制备富氢饮品的抗氧化与抗菌功能显著,品种多样化,口感更加丰富、多元有层次,具有巨大的商业前景。
综上,上述一般性文字说明及具体实施例已对本发明作了详尽描述,但在本发明的制氢单元与饮品制备方面可作一些改进或提高,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,因此也均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种超声-电极-纳米多孔膜耦合制氢灭菌方法,其特征在于,液体通过内疏水外亲水膜的底膜进入制氢单元并在环形产氢电极作用下反应生成氢气,当大量氢气富集在侧膜上时,关闭环形产氢电极,控制宽频超声发生器对氢气液体混合体系造成线性振荡与空化效应,协同多孔膜作用形成界面氢气纳米气泡并逐步转化为20~1000 nm的体相氢气纳米气泡;体相氢气纳米气泡通过制氢单元侧膜内亲水外疏水膜重新排回容器中,完成溶氢;待制氢一定时间后,打开容器上部出水口导出富氢液体并灌装;制备获得的液体的含氢量为3~6ppm,其中富氢纳米气泡直径分布于20~1000 nm,未密封状态稳定保留8~36 h以上;其中,若干个制氢单元设置在容器内,所述制氢单元包括腔体,以及位于腔体内的宽频超声发生器、环形产氢电极,所述环形产氢电极包绕宽频超声发生器;所述腔体底的底膜为内疏水外亲水膜;所述腔体的侧膜为内亲水外疏水膜,竖直安装或斜向上呈0°~45°安装;顶盖由不透气材料构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述底膜采用纳米级的陶瓷、纤维、金属有机框架无毒材料制备。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述宽频超声发生器的可调节范围为20KHz~400KHz,处于反应器中心位置向四周辐射波。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,容器上部出水口处还安装有一氢气测试仪。
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CN110367426A (zh) | 2019-10-25 |
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JP2021531951A (ja) | 2021-11-25 |
US11985993B2 (en) | 2024-05-21 |
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