CN110349534B - 像素电路及其驱动方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种像素电路包含第一晶体管、第二晶体管、第三晶体管和驱动晶体管。第一晶体管的第一端接收***高电压。第一晶体管的第二端耦接第一节点。第一晶体管用以根据控制信号选择性地导通。第二晶体管的第一端耦接第一节点。第二晶体管的第二端接收***低电压。第二晶体管的控制端用以接收数据信号。第三晶体管的第一端耦接第一节点。第三晶体管的第二端耦接第二节点。第三晶体管用以根据控制信号选择性地导通。驱动晶体管耦接第二节点和发光元件。驱动晶体管用以根据第二节点的电压电位输出驱动电流至发光元件。
Description
技术领域
本发明是关于一种像素电路,且特别是有关于一种具有补偿功能的像素电路。
背景技术
随着数字显示装置的需求日益增加,氧化铟镓锌(Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide,IGZO)广泛应用在主动式液晶显示器(Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays,AMLCD)、主动式有机发光二极管显示装置(Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Display,AMOLED)等等中。
为了使自发光显示器保持均匀的亮度,像素中的驱动电流必须维持恒定。然而在IGZO制程中,驱动晶体管的临界电压(threshold voltage,Vth)的变异会造成不同像素间亮度的变化。
发明内容
本发明的一实施方式是关于一种像素电路。像素电路包含第一晶体管、第二晶体管、第三晶体管和驱动晶体管。第一晶体管的第一端接收***高电压。第一晶体管的第二端耦接第一节点。第一晶体管用以根据控制信号选择性地导通。第二晶体管的第一端耦接第一节点。第二晶体管的第二端接收***低电压。第二晶体管的控制端用以接收数据信号。第三晶体管的第一端耦接第一节点。第三晶体管的第二端耦接第二节点。第三晶体管用以根据控制信号选择性地导通。驱动晶体管耦接第二节点和发光元件。驱动晶体管用以根据节点的电压电位输出驱动电流至发光元件。
本发明的一实施方式是关于另一种像素电路包含第一晶体管、第二晶体管、第三晶体管和驱动晶体管。第一晶体管的第一端接收***高电压。第一晶体管的第二端耦接第一节点。第一晶体管用以根据第一控制信号选择性地导通。第二晶体管的第一端耦接第一节点。第二晶体管的第二端接收***低电压。第二晶体管的控制端用以接收数据信号。第三晶体管的第一端耦接第一节点。第三晶体管的第二端耦接第二节点。第三晶体管用以根据第二控制信号选择性地导通。驱动晶体管耦接第二节点和发光元件。驱动晶体管用以根据节点的电压电位输出驱动电流至发光元件。
本发明的一实施方式是关于一种像素电路驱动方法,包含:由第一晶体管和第二晶体管分别根据控制信号和数据信号导通以提供电压电位;由第三晶体管根据控制信号导通以输出电压电位;由驱动晶体管根据电压电位输出驱动电流至发光元件;以及由发光元件根据驱动电流进行发光。
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述,但不作为对本发明的限定。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明部分实施例示出一种像素电路的示意图。
图2为根据本发明部分实施例示出一种像素电路的信号时序示意图。
图3为根据本发明其他部分实施例示出另一种像素电路的示意图。
图4为根据本发明其他部分实施例示出另一种像素电路的信号时序示意图。
图5为根据本发明部分实施例示出一种像素电路驱动方法的流程图。
其中,附图标记:
100、300:像素电路
T1、T2、T3、Td:晶体管
C1:电容
LED:发光元件
N1、N2:节点
S1、S2:控制信号
Data:数据信号
Id:驱动电流
OVDD:***高电压
OVSS:***低电压
Vs1、Vs2:致能电压电位
Vgl1、Vgh2、Vdl:禁能电压电位
Vdata:数据电压电位
T1、T2、Tf:期间
500:像素电路驱动方法
S520、S540、S560、S580:操作
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的结构原理和工作原理作具体的描述:
下文举实施例配合所附附图作详细说明,但所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本案,并不用来限定本案,而结构操作的描述非用以限制其执行的顺序,任何由元件重新组合的结构,所产生具有均等功效的装置,皆为本发明所涵盖的范围。
在全篇说明书与权利要求书所使用的用词(terms),除有特别注明外,通常具有每个用词使用在此领域中、在此揭示的内容中与特殊内容中的平常意义。关于本文中所使用的『第一』、『第二』、『第三』...等,并非特别指称次序或顺位的意思,亦非用以限定本揭示,其仅仅是为了区别以相同技术用语描述的元件或操作而已。
请参考图1。图1为根据本发明部分实施例示出一种像素电路100的示意图。在部分实施例中,像素电路100可用于主动式液晶显示器(Active Matrix Liquid CrystalDisplays,AMLCD)、主动式有机发光二极管显示器(Active Matrix Organic LightEmitting Display,AMOLED)、主动式微发光二极管显示器(Active Matrix Micro LightEmitting Display,AMOLED,AMμLED)等等。显示装置中可包含多个如图1所示的像素电路100以组成完整的显示画面。
如图1所示,在部分实施例中,像素电路100包含晶体管T1、晶体管T2、晶体管T3、驱动晶体管Td、电容C1和发光元件LED。在本实施例中,如图1所示,晶体管T1、T2、T3和驱动晶体管Td皆为N型薄膜晶体管。其中,晶体管T1和晶体管T2的尺寸W/L比例为1∶4,W为晶体管栅极宽度,L为晶体管栅极长度。在部分实施例中,发光元件LED可为发光二极管。
结构上,晶体管T1的第一端耦接***高电压OVDD。晶体管T1的控制端耦接扫描线。晶体管T1的第二端耦接节点N1。晶体管T2的第一端耦接节点N1。晶体管T2的控制端耦接数据线。晶体管T2的第二端耦接***低电压OVSS。晶体管T3的第一端耦接节点N1。晶体管T3的控制端耦接扫描线。晶体管T3的第二端耦接节点N2。
驱动晶体管Td的第一端耦接***高电压OVDD。驱动晶体管Td的控制端耦接节点N2。驱动晶体管Td的第二端耦接***低电压OVSS。电容C1的第一端耦接节点N2。电容C1的第二端耦接驱动晶体管Td的第二端。发光元件LED耦接于驱动晶体管Td的第一端和***高电压OVDD之间。在其他部分实施例中,发光元件LED可耦接于驱动晶体管Td和***低电压OVSS之间。
操作上,晶体管T1用以根据自扫描线传送的控制信号S1选择性地导通。晶体管T2用以根据自数据线传送的数据信号Data选择性地导通。换言之,晶体管T1和晶体管T2用以根据控制信号S1和数据信号Data导通以提供电压电位至节点N1。
晶体管T3用以根据自扫描线传送的控制信号S1选择性地导通以接收节点N1的电压电位输出至节点N2。驱动晶体管Td用以根据节点N2的电压电位选择性地导通以输出驱动电流Id至发光元件LED。发光元件LED用以根据驱动电流Id进行发光。
为便于说明起见,像素电路100当中各个元件的具体操作将于以下段落中搭配附图进行说明。请一并参考图1和图2。图2为根据本发明部分实施例示出一种像素电路100的信号时序示意图。如图2所示,期间Tf为一帧(frame)的时间。期间Tf包含第一期间T1和第二期间T2。
在部分实施例中,第一期间T1对应到像素电路100的写入及补偿阶段。在第一期间T1,控制信号S1为致能电压电位Vs1。如图2所示,控制信号S1为高电压电位。而在第一期间T1,数据信号Data为数据电压电位Vdata。举例来说,第一期间T1可为2微秒。
第二期间T2对应到像素电路100的发光阶段。在第二期间T2,控制信号S1为禁能电压电位Vgl1。如图2所示,控制信号S1为低电压电位。而在第二期间T2,数据信号Data为禁能电压电位Vdl。如图2所示,数据信号Data可为低电压电位。在部分实施例中,控制信号S1和数据信号Data的禁能电压电位Vgl1、Vdl可为相同或不同的电压电位。在其他部分实施例中,在第二期间T2,数据信号Data可为浮动电压电位。
具体而言,在第一期间T1,位于致能电压电位Vs1的控制信号S1使得晶体管T1导通。位于数据电压电位Vdata的数据信号Data使得晶体管T2导通。由于晶体管T1和晶体管T2的电流相等,如下式(1)所示:
4k(Vdata-Vth2)2=k(Vs1-Vn1-Vth1)2 (1)
其中,Vth1为晶体管T1的临界电压。Vth2为晶体管T2的临界电压。Vn1为提供至节点N1的电压电位。
因此,根据式(1),晶体管T1和晶体管T2提供至节点N1的电压电位如下式(2)所示:
Vn1=Vs1-2Vdata+2Vth2-Vth1 (2)
此外,在第一期间T1,位于致能电压电位Vs1的控制信号S1亦使得晶体管T3导通,以将节点N1的电压电位提供至节点N2。具体而言,节点N2的电压电位如式(3)所示。
Vn2=Vn1=Vs1-2Vdata+2Vth2-Vth1 (3)
其中,Vn2为提供至节点N2的电压电位。
如此一来,根据式(3)以及由于晶体管T1、T2、T3和驱动晶体管Td的距离相近,晶体管T1、T2、T3和驱动晶体管Td的临界电压约略相等。因此,在第二期间T2,驱动晶体管Td根据式(4)输出驱动电流Id。
Id=k(Vgs-Vthd)2
=k(Vs1-2Vdata+2Vth2-Vth1-Vthd)2
=k(Vs1-2Vdata)2 (4)
其中,Vgs为驱动晶体管Td的栅极端和源极端的压差。Vthd为驱动晶体管Td的临界电压。由于晶体管T1、T2、T3和驱动晶体管Td的距离相近,晶体管T1的临界电压Vth1、晶体管T2的临界电压Vth2和驱动晶体管Td的临界电压Vthd约略相等。因此,2Vth2-Vth1-Vthd可相消为零。换言之,驱动晶体管Td的临界电压Vthd由于变异而可能造成驱动电流Id的影响可因此被消除。
此外,在第二期间T2,位于禁能电压电位Vgl1的控制信号S1使得晶体管T1和T3关断。位于禁能电压电位Vdl的数据信号Data使得晶体管T2关断。在其他部分实施例中,位于浮动电压电位的数据信号Data使得晶体管T2不一定导通或关断。
请参考图3。图3为根据本发明其他部分实施例示出另一种像素电路300的示意图。于图3所示实施例中,与图1的实施例中相似的元件以相同的元件符号表示,其操作已于先前段落说明者,于此不再赘述。和图1所示实施例相比,如图3所示,像素电路300中晶体管T3用以接收控制信号S2。其中,晶体管T1、T2和驱动晶体管Td为N型薄膜晶体管,晶体管T3为P型薄膜晶体管。
为便于说明起见,像素电路300当中各个元件的具体操作将于以下段落中搭配附图进行说明。请一并参考图3和图4。图4为根据本发明部分实施例示出一种像素电路300的信号时序示意图。于图4所示实施例中,与图2的实施例中相似的元件以相同的元件符号表示,其操作已于先前段落说明者,于此不再赘述。和图2所示实施例相比,在图4中更示出出控制信号S2。
在部分实施例中,在第一期间T1,控制信号S1、S2分别为致能电压电位Vs1、Vs2。如图4所示,控制信号S1为高电压电位,控制信号S2为低电压电位。在第二期间T2,控制信号S1、S2分别为禁能电压电位Vgl1、Vgh2。如图4所示,控制信号S1为低电压电位,控制信号S2为高电压电位。
在部分实施例中,致能电压电位Vs1和禁能电压电位Vgh2可为相同的电压电位。禁能电压电位Vgl1和致能电压电位Vs2可为相同的电压电位。换言之,控制信号S1和S2可互为反向的信号。
请参考图5。图5为根据本发明部分实施例示出一种像素电路驱动方法500的流程图。如图5所示,像素电路驱动方法500包含操作S520、S540、S560和S580。
首先,在操作S520中,由晶体管T1和晶体管T2分别根据控制信号S1和数据信号Data导通以提供电压电位。具体而言,在第一期间T1,由晶体管T1根据控制信号S1导通,由晶体管T2根据数据信号Data导通。根据共同流经晶体管T1和晶体管T2的电流提供电压电位至节点N1。此时节点N1的电压电位如上式(2)所示。
接着,在操作S540中,由晶体管T3根据控制信号S1或S2导通以输出电压电位。具体而言,在第一期间T1,由N型的薄膜晶体管T3根据控制信号S1导通以将节点N1的电压电位输出至节点N2。或者,由P型的薄膜晶体管T3根据控制信号S2导通以将节点N1的电压电位输出至节点N2。此时节点N2的电压电位如上式(3)所示。
接着,在操作S560中,由驱动晶体管Td根据电压电位输出驱动电流Id至发光元件LED。具体而言,在第二期间T2,驱动晶体管Td根据式(3)所示的电压电位输出驱动电流Id至发光元件LED。驱动电流Id如式(4)所示。
接着,在操作S580中,由发光元件LED根据驱动电流Id进行发光。
虽然本文将所公开的方法示出和描述为一系列的步骤或事件,但是应当理解,所示出的这些步骤或事件的顺序不应解释为限制意义。例如,部分步骤可以以不同顺序发生和/或与除了本文所示和/或所描述的步骤或事件以外的其他步骤或事件同时发生。另外,实施本文所描述的一个或多个实施方式或实施例时,并非所有于此示出的步骤皆为必需。此外,本文中的一个或多个步骤亦可能在一个或多个分离的步骤和/或阶段中执行。
综上所述,本案透过应用上述各个实施例中,藉由晶体管T1、T2的尺寸比例及数据信号Data的设计以进行补偿,使得显示面板进行显示时,驱动电流Id的电流大小将不受驱动晶体管Td的元件特性(如临界电压不同)而影响,可提供相对稳定的驱动电流Id。另外,藉由在一个阶段内同时完成数据写入和晶体管临界电压补偿,可显著缩短补偿临界电压至发光元件LED发光的时间,且补偿效果良好。再者,本案部分实施例中仅需要一个扫描线控制信号S1,因此能够降低控制电路的复杂度,且因而降低显示***的成本。而本案的像素电路100、300为4T1C架构相较于4T2C以上的像素电路而言能减少晶体管阵列的面积。
当然,本发明还可有其它多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种像素电路,其特征在于,包含:
一第一晶体管,该第一晶体管的一第一端接收一***高电压,该第一晶体管的一第二端耦接一第一节点,该第一晶体管用以根据一控制信号选择性地导通;
一第二晶体管,该第二晶体管的一第一端耦接该第一节点,该第二晶体管的一第二端接收一***低电压,该第二晶体管的一控制端用以接收一数据信号;
一第三晶体管,该第三晶体管的一第一端耦接该第一节点,该第三晶体管的一第二端耦接一第二节点,该第三晶体管用以根据该控制信号选择性地导通;以及
一驱动晶体管,该驱动晶体管耦接该第二节点和一发光元件,该驱动晶体管用以根据该第二节点的电压电位输出一驱动电流至该发光元件;其中,
该第一晶体管和该第二晶体管的一尺寸比例为一比四。
2.如权利要求1所述的像素电路,其特征在于,更包含:
一电容,该电容的一第一端耦接该第二节点,该电容的一第二端耦接该驱动晶体管的第二端。
3.如权利要求1所述的像素电路,其特征在于,其中在一第一期间,该第一晶体管和该第三晶体管用以根据该控制信号导通,该第二晶体管用以接收该数据信号,在一第二期间,该第一晶体管用以根据该控制信号关断,该发光元件用以根据该驱动电流进行发光。
4.如权利要求1所述的像素电路,其特征在于,其中该第一晶体管、该第二晶体管、该第三晶体管和该驱动晶体管为N型薄膜晶体管。
5.一种像素电路,其特征在于,包含:
一第一晶体管,该第一晶体管的一第一端接收一***高电压,该第一晶体管的一第二端耦接一第一节点,该第一晶体管用以根据一第一控制信号选择性地导通;
一第二晶体管,该第二晶体管的一第一端耦接该第一节点,该第二晶体管的一第二端接收一***低电压,该第二晶体管的一控制端用以接收一数据信号;
一第三晶体管,该第三晶体管的一第一端耦接该第一节点,该第三晶体管的第二端耦接一第二节点,该第三晶体管用以根据一第二控制信号选择性地导通;以及
一驱动晶体管,该驱动晶体管耦接该第二节点和一发光元件,该驱动晶体管用以根据该节点的电压电位输出一驱动电流至该发光元件;其中,
该第一晶体管和该第二晶体管的一尺寸比例为一比四。
6.一种像素电路驱动方法,其特征在于,包含:
由一第一晶体管和一第二晶体管分别根据一控制信号和一数据信号导通以提供一电压电位;
由一第三晶体管根据该控制信号导通以输出该电压电位;
由一驱动晶体管根据该电压电位输出一驱动电流至一发光元件;以及
由一发光元件根据该驱动电流进行发光;其中,
该第一晶体管和该第二晶体管的一尺寸比例为一比四,且
在一第一期间,由该第一晶体管和该第二晶体管分别根据该控制信号和该数据信号导通以提供该电压电位,并由该第三晶体管根据该控制信号导通以输出该电压电位。
7.如权利要求6所述的像素电路驱动方法,其特征在于,更包含:
在一第二期间,由该第一晶体管和该第三晶体管根据该控制信号关断,由该驱动晶体管根据该电压电位输出该驱动电流至该发光元件,并由该发光元件根据该驱动电流进行发光。
8.如权利要求6所述的像素电路驱动方法,其特征在于,其中该第一晶体管、该第二晶体管、该第三晶体管和该驱动晶体管为N型薄膜晶体管。
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