CN110344519B - 一种多功能生态外墙及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多功能生态外墙及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110344519B CN110344519B CN201910774332.8A CN201910774332A CN110344519B CN 110344519 B CN110344519 B CN 110344519B CN 201910774332 A CN201910774332 A CN 201910774332A CN 110344519 B CN110344519 B CN 110344519B
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Images
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Abstract
本发明公开的一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,制备陶瓷保温隔热防水层的陶瓷板,制备吸声层的陶瓷吸声板,最后安装生态外墙:在建筑墙体表面用水泥浆找平,再涂抹水泥粘结层,其次在水泥粘结层上铺贴陶瓷保温隔热防水板,在该陶瓷板上涂抹水泥粘结层,再次在水泥粘结层上铺贴吸声层的陶瓷吸声板,铺贴时,在每层建筑的最上面一排陶瓷板的上沿留出3~5cm空隙,用于安放管道,然后通过螺纹钢锚杆从吸声层陶瓷板表面倾斜打入至墙体内,在吸声层陶瓷板上沿预留出的空隙中安装管道并固定,最后在吸声层陶瓷板的表面种植绿色植物。本发明公开的方法采用粉煤灰、煤矸石等固体废弃物和极易获得的普通材料,成本低、节约资源、绿色环保,操作简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环保建筑材料技术领域,具体涉及一种多功能生态外墙,还涉及一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国工业化的发展和对自然开发强度的增加,我国的环境问题也日益凸显。主要体现在工业固体废弃物的大量堆积,污染了土地与水体,噪声污染、光污染,以及气候变化引起的水资源分布不均造成的我国北方空气过分干燥南方潮湿带来的困境。另一方面,由于生活水平的提高,人们对住宅的舒因此,做好建筑外墙保温尤其重要。
目前,针对固体废弃物的处理,主要是填埋,造成环境污染,不能充分利用资源。在建筑外墙保温方面,通常采用聚苯板或岩棉作保温层,但前者无法满足防火要求,后者不能满足防水要求。并且对于建筑的噪声污染,以及建筑周围干燥的空气都无有效的改善措施。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种多功能生态外墙,能够满足建筑的保温、隔热、防火、防水以及隔离噪音,同时可调节周边空气湿度、增加负氧离子和装饰绿化。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,采用工业废弃煤矸石、粉煤灰作为原料,节能无污染。
本发明所采用的技术方案是,一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,具体操作过程包括如下步骤:
步骤1,制备陶瓷保温隔热防水层的陶瓷板;
步骤2,制备吸声层的陶瓷吸声板;
步骤3,安装生态外墙:
步骤3.1,在建筑墙体表面用水泥浆找平,再涂抹水泥粘结层;
步骤3.2,在水泥粘结层上铺贴陶瓷保温隔热防火层,在该板上涂抹水泥粘结层;
步骤3.3,在水泥粘结层上铺贴吸声层的陶瓷吸声板,铺贴时,在每层建筑的最上面相邻两排陶瓷板之间留出3cm~5cm空隙,用于安放调节湿度和温度的出水组件;
步骤3.4,通过螺纹钢锚杆从吸声层陶瓷吸声板表面倾斜打入至墙体内;
步骤3.5,出水组件包括在吸声层陶瓷吸声板上沿预留出的空隙中安装PVC材质或镀锌材质的管道,管道表面间隔均匀开设直径为5mm~10mm的圆孔,管道一端封闭,管道另一端连接自来水或储水装置的出雾水口,储水装置通过支架固定在外墙体上,储水装置的进水口连接自来水,并且内部放置超声波雾化器,超声波雾化器通过导线来连接电源,所述管道外部设置有电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器,电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器连接控制***,最后将管道用镀锌扣板固定;
步骤3.6,在吸声层陶瓷吸声板的表面种植绿色植物。
本发明的其他特点还在于,
优选的,步骤3.1中的建筑墙体包括但不限于密度为500kg/m3~700kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板或水泥砌块。
进一步的,步骤3.5中管道另一端还可以连接三通的一端,三通的另两端分别连接自来水和储水装置的出雾水口。
优选的,步骤1的具体过程如下:
步骤1.1,按照重量百分比取粉煤灰22%~27%,煤矸石13%~18%,赤泥8%~12%,页岩40%~45%,长石5%~10%,复合发泡剂0.2%~2%,备用;
步骤1.2,将煤矸石、页岩分别经破碎机粗碎至小于3mm的颗粒,然后与粉煤灰、赤泥、长石粉、复合发泡剂和水等一起,放入球磨机球磨成细粉;
步骤1.3,将步1.2得到的物料进行喷雾干燥造粒;
步骤1.4,将步骤1.3造粒得到的颗粒料装入耐火模具中,送入窑炉中烧制得到闭孔泡沫陶瓷板。
步骤1.5,将烧成的闭孔泡沫陶瓷按所需的规格进行切割得到成品。
优选的,步骤1.4中在窑炉中的温度为1150℃~1200℃,时间为30分钟~60分钟。
优选的,步骤1.1中的复合发泡剂包括碳酸钙、硫酸钙和碳化硅中的任几种按照任意比例的组合物。
优选的,步骤2的具体过程如下:
步骤2.1,按照如下质量百分比称取原料:粉煤灰22%~27%,煤矸石13%~18%,赤泥8%~12%,页岩40%~45%,长石5%~10%,复合发泡剂0.1%~3%,粘结剂0.5%~3%,造孔剂7%~12%,表面活性剂0~1%备用;
步骤2.2,将煤矸石和页岩分别经破碎机粗碎粒径≤3mm的颗粒,然后与粉煤灰、赤泥、长石粉、粘结剂和发泡剂混合后,放入球磨机球磨至细度可过200目筛,得到混合粉末A,将混合粉末A与煤粉在搅拌机混合均匀得到混合粉末B;
步骤2.3,将表面活性剂溶于水中,得到浓度为10%~12%的胶体,按照胶体与造孔剂的体积比为1:30~60的比例将胶体与造孔剂混合均匀,得到粘胶造孔剂;
步骤2.4,将混合粉末B缓慢加入到表面粘胶的造孔剂中,期间加水并不断搅拌,得到表面均匀粘附物料的球形颗粒料;
步骤2.5,将步骤2.4制得的球形颗粒料注入模具中,轻压使各颗粒紧密靠拢,自然干燥至有一定强度后脱模得到半干坯;
步骤2.6,采用钉板打孔机对半干坯体打孔,孔间距约1cm~5cm,然后在80℃~90℃的温度下干燥得到硬坯;
步骤2.7,将硬坯放入窑炉中在1150℃~1200℃的条件煅烧,煅烧20min~60min,自然冷却降温得到具有多种吸声结构的生态陶瓷材料;
步骤2.8,将烧成的生态陶瓷材料进行表面切割得到吸声层的陶瓷吸声板。
本发明的另一技术方案是,一种生态墙体包括由内向外依次设置的陶瓷保温隔热防水层、吸声层和出水组件中的任意一个或两个或三个,还包括绿化层,陶瓷保温隔热防水层通过粘结层与吸声层粘接在一起,绿化层位于吸声层表面,吸声层的墙面上部留有与地面方向平行的空隙,空隙中安装有出水组件,用于调节湿度和温度;
吸声层包括沿着与地面平行方向排列的至少两排依次相接铺设的矩形陶瓷吸声板,位于上部的相邻两排陶瓷吸声板之间留有空隙,用于安装出水组件;
陶瓷保温隔热防水层包括密度为500kg/m3~700kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板,并且其强度与干密度为B07的加气混凝土砌块相当,用作墙体主体结构。
进一步的,陶瓷保温隔热防水层的内侧通过粘结层直接粘接在水泥砌块表面;
陶瓷保温隔热防水层包括150kg/m3~300kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板;
吸声层的陶瓷吸声板通过螺纹钢锚杆由外向内贯穿两层粘结层和陶瓷保温隔热防水层固定在水泥砌块上。
优选的,每层之间通过螺纹钢锚杆贯穿固定在最内层上,螺纹钢锚杆与最内层竖直方向夹角仅限于锐角,优选为30°~75°;
螺纹钢锚杆沉入最外层墙面内部约1cm~2cm,并且螺纹钢锚杆位于最外层墙面内部与外界形成的沉孔通过水泥浆密封。
本发明的有益效果是,一种多功能生态外墙与传统外墙相比,本发明的外墙结构简单,集保温、隔热、防火、防水、吸声降噪、调节空气湿度、增加负氧离子、装饰绿化以及吸附尘埃等功能于一体,是一种优异的环保材料***。通过出水***根据环境的湿度变化和外墙的温度高低自动调节外墙侧空气的湿度,使外墙具有“呼吸”功能,同时起到恒定室内温度的作用;墙面种植绿植,起到了绿化美化的作用;该生态外墙材料采用粉煤灰、煤矸石等固体废弃物和极易获得的普通材料制成,成本低,节约资源,易于工业化和市场化,能够大力推广使用。该生态外墙保温层与吸声层均由无机烧结材料构成,结构牢固,性能优异且稳定,与建筑同寿命。本发明公开的生态外墙的制备方法绿色环保,操作简单。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种多功能生态外墙的第一种结构示意图;
图2是本发明的一种多功能生态外墙的第一种结构对应的螺纹钢锚杆固定各层以及管道的位置示意图;
图3是本发明的一种多功能生态外墙的第二种结构示意图;
图4是本发明的一种多功能生态外墙的第二种结构对应的螺纹钢锚杆固定各层以及管道的位置示意图
图中,1.吸声层,2.粘结层,3.陶瓷保温隔热防水层,4.水泥砌块,5.管道,6.螺纹钢锚杆,7.绿化层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明的一种多功能生态外墙,第一种结构如图1所示,直接将陶瓷保温隔热防水层3作为新建建筑的墙体,包括由内向外依次设置的陶瓷保温隔热防水层3、吸声层1和出水组件中的任意一个或两个或三个,陶瓷保温隔热防水层3通过粘结层2与吸声层1粘接在一起,绿化层7位于吸声层1表面,吸声层1墙面上部沿宽度方向(与地面平行的方向)留有空隙,空隙中安装有出水组件,用于调节湿度和温度。
其中,第一种结构的陶瓷保温隔热防水层3包括密度为500kg/m3~700kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板,并且其强度与干密度为B07的加气混凝土砌块相当,用作墙体主体结构的同时具有保温隔热防火和防水的功能。
吸声层1包括沿着宽度方向平行排列的至少两排依次相接铺设在陶瓷保温隔热防水层3上的矩形陶瓷吸声板,位于上部的相邻两排陶瓷吸声板之间留有空隙,用于安装出水组件,陶瓷吸声板和粘结层2通过螺纹钢锚杆6贯穿固定在陶瓷保温隔热防水层3上。
粘结层2为水泥浆。
出水组件包括铺设在空隙中的PVC材质或镀锌材质的管道,管道表面间隔均匀开设直径为5mm~10mm的圆孔,管道一端封闭,管道另一端连接自来水,管道外部设置有电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器,电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器连接外部控制***,通过外部控制***,控制电动阀门的开闭形成滴灌出水,调节墙体周围的湿度和温度。
进一步的,出水组件包括铺设在空隙中的PVC材质或镀锌材质的管道,管道表面间隔均匀开设直径为5mm~10mm的圆孔,管道一端封闭,管道另一端连接储水装置的出雾水口,储水装置通过支架固定在外墙体上,储水装置的进水口连接自来水,并且内部放置超声波雾化器,超声波雾化器通过导线来连接电源;管道外部设置有电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器,电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器连接外部控制***。通电后,超声波雾化器将水进行雾化后通入管道中,外部控制***控制电动阀门的开闭形成雾化出水,调节墙体周围的湿度和温度。
出水组件包括铺设在空隙中的PVC材质或镀锌材质的管道,管道表面间隔均匀开设直径为5mm~10mm的圆孔,管道一端封闭,管道另一端连接三通的一端,三通的另两端分别连接自来水和储水装置的出雾水口,储水装置通过支架固定在外墙体上,储水装置的进水口连接自来水,并且内部放置超声波雾化器,超声波雾化器通过导线来连接电源;管道外部设置有电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器,电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器连接外部控制***,外部控制***通过控制电动阀门端可以根据需要切换自来水或连接储水装置的出雾水口,使得能够在滴灌出水和雾化出水之间切换。
储水装置包括通过螺钉固定在墙体上的支架,支架上固定水箱,水箱中放置陶瓷超声波雾化器,超声波雾化器连接电源,水箱的出水雾口连接管道。
绿化层7根据装饰图案的需要在外墙对应位置的陶瓷吸声板表面种植苔藓等植物。
如图2所示,螺纹钢锚杆6与陶瓷层3竖直方向夹角仅限于锐角,优选为30°~75°。
螺纹钢锚杆6沉入吸声层1内约1cm~2cm,并且螺纹钢锚杆6位于吸声层1内部与外界形成的沉孔通过水泥浆密封。
实施例2
本发明的一种多功能生态外墙第二种作为结构如图3所示,还包括陶瓷保温隔热防水层3的内侧通过粘结层2粘接在水泥砌块4表面,陶瓷保温隔热防水层3的外侧通过粘结层2粘接吸声层1,绿化层位于吸声层1表面,吸声层1的墙面上部沿宽度方向(与地面平行的方向)留有空隙,空隙中安装有出水组件,用于调节湿度和温度。
其中,陶瓷保温隔热防水层3包括150kg/m3~300kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板,用于保温隔热。
粘结层2为水泥浆。
吸声层1包括沿着宽度方向平行排列的至少两排依次相接铺设在陶瓷保温隔热防水层3上的矩形陶瓷吸声板,位于上部的相邻两排陶瓷吸声板之间留有空隙,用于安装所述出水组件,陶瓷吸声板通过螺纹钢锚杆6贯穿两层粘结层2和陶瓷保温隔热防水层3固定在水泥砌块4上。
出水组件包括铺设在空隙中的PVC材质或镀锌材质的管道,管道表面间隔均匀开设直径为5mm~10mm的圆孔,管道一端封闭,管道另一端连接自来水,管道外部设置有电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器,电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器连接外部控制***,通过外部控制***,控制电动阀门的开闭形成滴灌出水,调节墙体周围的湿度和温度。
进一步的,出水组件包括铺设在空隙中的PVC材质或镀锌材质的管道,管道表面间隔均匀开设直径为5mm~10mm的圆孔,管道一端封闭,管道另一端连接储水装置的出雾水口,储水装置通过支架固定在外墙体上,储水装置的进水口连接自来水,并且内部放置超声波雾化器,超声波雾化器通过导线来连接电源;管道外部设置有电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器,电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器连接外部控制***。通电后,超声波雾化器将水进行雾化后通入管道中,外部控制***控制电动阀门的开闭形成雾化出水,调节墙体周围的湿度和温度。
出水组件包括铺设在空隙中的PVC材质或镀锌材质的管道,管道表面间隔均匀开设直径为5mm~10mm的圆孔,管道一端封闭,管道另一端连接三通的一端,三通的另两端分别连接自来水和储水装置的出雾水口,储水装置通过支架固定在外墙体上,储水装置的进水口连接自来水,并且内部放置超声波雾化器,超声波雾化器通过导线来连接电源;管道外部设置有电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器,电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器连接外部控制***,外部控制***通过控制电动阀门端可以根据需要切换自来水或连接储水装置的出雾水口,使得能够在滴灌出水和雾化出水之间切换。
根据环境的湿度变化和外墙的温度高低自动调节外墙一侧空气的湿度,使外墙具有“呼吸”功能,同时起到恒定室内温度的作用;管道的管径、管上开孔大小与孔分布密度依据墙面水源压力大小确定,其湿度调节通过空气湿度传感器和温度传感器控制。管网出水形式可根据需要采用滴灌状态或喷雾状态。
绿化层7位根据装饰图案的需要在外墙对应位置的陶瓷吸声板表面种植苔藓等植物。
如图4所示,螺纹钢锚杆6与陶瓷层3或水泥砌块4竖直方向夹角仅限于锐角,优选为30°~75°。
螺纹钢锚杆6沉入吸声层1内约1cm~2cm,并且螺纹钢锚杆6位于吸声层1内部与外界形成的沉孔通过水泥浆密封。
本发明的生态外墙***既可用于新建建筑,形成外墙体(密度为500kg/m3~700kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷保温隔热防火防水层)+粘结层+吸声材料层+调节环境湿度和外墙温度的滴灌(喷雾)管道+苔藓等植物绿化层组成的多功能外墙,也可用作新建建筑和既有建筑普通外墙的节能保温装饰,形成普通外墙+粘结层+密度为150kg/m3~300kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷保温隔热防火防水层+粘结层+吸声材料层+调节环境湿度和外墙温度的滴灌(喷雾)管道+苔藓等植物绿化层组成的多功能外墙。本发明可以以闭孔泡沫陶瓷保温隔热防火防水层、陶瓷吸声材料与调节环境湿度和外墙温度的水自动滴灌(喷雾)管道***为核心,根据需要进行组合。
本发明的生态外墙结构简单,但集保温、隔热、防火、防水、吸声降噪、调节空气湿度、增加负氧离子以及可装饰可绿化、吸附尘埃等多功能于一体,是一种优异的环保材料***。
相比于现有的岩棉做外墙保温则易吸水而且结构松散,用聚苯板则易燃烧且寿命短;本发明的生态外墙保温层与吸声层均由无机烧结材料构成,结构牢固,性能优异且稳定,与建筑同寿命。
本发明的生态外墙材料采用粉煤灰、煤矸石等固体废弃物和极易获得的普通材料制成,不但保护了环境,而且大大降低了成本,节约了资源,使之易于工业化和市场化,可大力推广使用。
本发明的一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,具体操作过程包括如下步骤:
步骤1,制备陶瓷保温隔热隔水层的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板;
步骤1的具体过程如下:
步骤1.1,按照重量百分比取粉煤灰22%~27%,煤矸石13%~18%,赤泥8%~12%,页岩40%~45%,长石5%~10%,复合发泡剂0.2%~2%。备用;
步骤1.1中的复合发泡剂包括碳酸钙、硫酸钙和碳化硅中的任几种按照任意比例的组合物;
步骤1.2,将煤矸石、页岩分别经破碎机粗碎至小于3mm的颗粒,然后与粉煤灰、赤泥、长石粉、复合发泡剂和水等一起,放入球磨机球磨成细度可过200目筛的细粉;
步骤1.3,将步骤1.2得到的物料进行喷雾干燥造粒;
步骤1.4,将步骤1.3造粒得到的颗粒料装入耐火模具中,送入窑炉中烧制得到闭孔泡沫陶瓷板;
步骤1.4中在窑炉中的温度为1150℃~1200℃。
步骤1.5,将烧成的闭孔泡沫陶瓷按所需的规格进行切割得到成品;
步骤2,制备吸声层的陶瓷吸声板;
步骤2的具体过程如下:
步骤2.1,按照如下质量百分比称取原料:粉煤灰22%~27%,煤矸石13%~18%,赤泥8%~12%,页岩40%~45%,长石5%~10%,复合发泡剂0.1%~3%,粘结剂0.5%~3%,造孔剂7%~12%,表面活性剂0~1%备用;
发泡剂为碳酸钙、硫酸钙和碳化硅中的任一种或几种按照任意比例的组合物;
粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素钠和黄原胶中的一种或两种按照任意比例的组合物;
造孔剂为聚苯乙烯球、球形塑料颗粒和球形活性炭中的任一种或几种按照任意比例的组合物;
表面活性剂为聚乙烯醇;
步骤2.2,将煤矸石和页岩分别经破碎机粗碎粒径≤3mm的颗粒,然后与粉煤灰、赤泥、长石粉、粘结剂和发泡剂混合后,放入球磨机球磨至细度可过200目筛,得到混合粉末A。将混合粉末A与煤粉在搅拌机混合均匀得到混合粉末B;
步骤2.3,将表面活性剂溶于水中,得到浓度为10%~12%的胶体,按照胶体与造孔剂的体积比为1:30~60的比例将胶体与造孔剂混合均匀,得到粘胶造孔剂;
步骤2.4,将混合粉末B缓慢加入到表面粘胶的造孔剂中,期间加水并不断搅拌,得到表面均匀粘附物料的球形颗粒料;
步骤2.5,将步骤2.4制得的球形颗粒料注入模具中,轻压使各颗粒紧密靠拢,自然干燥至有一定强度后脱模得到半干坯;
步骤2.6,采用钉板打孔机对半干坯体打孔,孔间距约1cm~5cm,然后在80℃~90℃的温度下干燥得到硬坯;
步骤2.7,将硬坯放入窑炉中在1150℃~1200℃的条件煅烧,煅烧20min~60min,自然冷却降温得到具有多种吸声结构的生态陶瓷材料;
步骤2.8,将烧成的生态陶瓷材料进行表面切割得到吸声层的陶瓷吸声板;
步骤3,安装生态外墙:
步骤3.1,在建筑墙体表面用水泥浆找平,再涂抹水泥粘结层;
步骤3.1中的建筑墙体包括但不限于密度为500kg/m3~700kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板或水泥砌块;
步骤3.2,在水泥粘结层上铺贴陶瓷保温隔热防水板,在该板上涂抹水泥粘结层;
步骤3.3,在水泥粘结层上铺贴吸声层的陶瓷吸声板,铺贴时,在每层建筑的最上面相邻两排陶瓷板之间留出3cm~5cm空隙,用于安放调节湿度和温度的出水组件;
步骤3.4,通过螺纹钢锚杆从吸声层陶瓷吸声板表面倾斜打入至墙体内,螺纹钢锚杆与墙面的夹角仅限于锐角,优选为30°~75°。
步骤3.5,出水组件包括在吸声层陶瓷吸声板上沿预留出的空隙中安装PVC材质或镀锌材质的管道,管道表面间隔均匀开设直径为5mm~10mm的圆孔,管道一端封闭,管道另一端连接直接连接自来水或连接储水装置的出雾水口,所述储水装置通过支架固定在外墙体上,所述储水装置的进水口连接自来水,并且内部放置超声波雾化器,所述超声波雾化器通过导线来连接电源,所述管道外部设置有电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器,所述电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器连接控制***,最后将管道用镀锌扣板固定;
进一步的,管道另一端还可以连接三通的一端,三通的另两端分别连接自来水和储水装置的出雾水口;
步骤3.6,在吸声层陶瓷吸声板的表面种植绿色植物。
实施例3
步骤1,制备陶瓷保温隔热防水板;
步骤1的具体过程如下:
步骤1.1,按照重量百分比取粉煤灰25%,煤矸石15%,赤泥10%,页岩43%,长石7%,复合发泡剂0.3%,备用;
步骤1.1中的复合发泡剂为碳酸钙和硫酸钙组合物;
步骤1.2,将煤矸石、页岩分别经破碎机粗碎至小于3mm的颗粒,然后与粉煤灰、赤泥、长石粉、复合发泡剂和水等一起,放入球磨机球磨成细粉过200目筛;
步骤1.3,将步1.2得到的物料进行喷雾干燥造粒;
步骤1.4,将步骤1.3造粒得到的颗粒料装入耐火模具中,送入窑炉中烧制得到闭孔泡沫陶瓷板;
步骤1.4中在窑炉中的温度为1170℃,保温30分钟;
步骤1.5,将烧成的闭孔泡沫陶瓷按所需的规格进行切割得到成品;
将制作的闭孔泡沫陶瓷按照GB/T5486-2008检测其密度和抗压强度,测得其密度为550kg/m3,抗压强度为6.5MPa,按照GB/T10294-2008检测其导热系数,测得其导热系数为0.15W/(m·k)。该材料很适用于建筑外墙板;
步骤2,制备吸声层的陶瓷吸声板;
步骤2的具体过程如下:
步骤2.1,按照如下质量百分比称取原料:粉煤灰25%,煤矸石15%,赤泥10%,页岩43%,长石7%,碳化硅0.5%,黄原胶2%,聚苯乙烯球(直径1~2mm)8%,煤粉(40~60目)4%和聚乙烯醇1%备用;
其中,粉煤灰中各组分的质量百分比如下:SiO2为48%、Al2O3为27%、Fe2O3为8%、TiO2为1%、CaO为8%、MgO为1%、K2O为1%、Na2O为0.3%;
煤矸石中各组分的质量百分比如下:SiO2为43%、Al2O3为27%、Fe2O3为5%、TiO2为1%、CaO为1%、MgO为1%、K2O为1%、Na2O为0.3%;
赤泥中各组分的质量百分比如下:SiO2为30%、Al2O3为27%、Fe2O3为10%、CaO为12%、Na2O为7%。
页岩中各组分的质量百分比如下:SiO2为57%、Al2O3为17%、Fe2O3为8%、CaO为4%、K2O为3%、Na2O为1%;
步骤2.2,将煤矸石和页岩分别经破碎机粗碎至粒径≤3mm的颗粒,与粉煤灰、赤泥、长石、粘结剂和发泡剂混合后,放入球磨机球磨并过200目筛得到混合粉末A,将混合粉末A与煤粉在搅拌机混合均匀得到混合粉末B。
步骤2.3,将表面活性剂溶于水中,得到浓度为12%的胶体,按照胶体与造孔剂的体积比为1:40的比例将胶体与造孔剂混合均匀,得到粘胶造孔剂。
步骤2.4,将混合粉末B缓慢加入到粘胶造孔剂中,期间加水并不断搅拌,得到表面均匀粘附物料的球形颗粒料;
步骤2.5,将步骤2.4制得的球形颗粒料注入模具中,轻压使各颗粒紧密靠拢,自然干燥至有一定强度后脱模得到半干坯。
步骤2.6,采用钉板打孔机对坯体打孔,孔间距约1cm,然后在85℃的温度下干燥得到硬坯;
步骤2.7,将硬坯放入窑炉中在1170℃的条件煅烧30min,自然冷却降温得到具有多种吸声结构的生态陶瓷材料;
步骤2.8,将烧成的生态陶瓷材料进行表面切割得到吸声层的陶瓷吸声板;
步骤3,安装本发明的第一种生态外墙:
步骤3.1,将密度为550kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板砌成墙体。该闭孔泡沫陶瓷板既是结构层,又是保温隔热防火层和防水层;
步骤3.2,在该墙体表面用水泥浆找平,再涂抹水泥粘结层;
步骤3.3,在水泥粘结层上铺贴吸声层的陶瓷吸声板,铺贴时,在每层建筑的最上面一排陶瓷吸声板的上沿留出3cm~5cm空隙,用于安放调节湿度和温度的出水组件;
步骤3.4,通过螺纹钢锚杆从吸声层陶瓷吸声板表面倾斜打入至墙体内,螺纹钢锚杆与墙面的夹角75°,锚杆顶部沉入吸声层陶瓷吸声板内约1cm,再用水泥将锚杆顶部封闭;
步骤3.5,出水组件包括在吸声层陶瓷吸声板上沿预留出的空隙中安装PVC材质的管道,管道表面间隔均匀开设直径为5mm的圆孔,管道一端封闭,管道一端连接自来水,管道外部设置有电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器,电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器连接控制***,最后将管道用镀锌扣板固定;
步骤3.6,在吸声层陶瓷吸声板的表面种植绿色植物。
实施例4
步骤1,制备陶瓷保温隔热防水板。
步骤1.1,按照重量百分比取粉煤灰22%,煤矸石13%,赤泥8%,页岩40%,长石5%,复合发泡剂1%,备用;
步骤1.1中的复合发泡剂为碳化硅和硫酸钙组合物;
步骤1.2,将煤矸石、页岩分别经破碎机粗碎至小于3mm的颗粒,然后与粉煤灰、赤泥、长石粉、复合发泡剂和水等一起,放入球磨机球磨成细粉过200目筛;
步骤1.3,将步1.2得到的物料进行喷雾干燥造粒;
步骤1.4,将步骤1.3造粒得到的颗粒料装入耐火模具中,送入窑炉中烧制得到闭孔泡沫陶瓷板;
步骤1.4中在窑炉中的温度为1150℃,保温45分钟;
步骤1.5,将烧成的闭孔泡沫陶瓷按所需的规格进行切割得到成品;
将制作的闭孔泡沫陶瓷按照GB/T5486-2008检测其密度和抗压强度,测得其密度为200kg/m3,抗压强度为1.5MPa,按照GB/T10294-2008检测其导热系数,测得其导热系数为0.08W/(m·k)。该材料很适用作建筑外墙保温板;
步骤2,制备吸声层的陶瓷吸声板;
步骤2的具体过程如下:
步骤2.1,按照如下质量百分比称取原料:粉煤灰22%,煤矸石14%,赤泥8%,页岩45%,长石5%,碳化硅和碳酸钙的混合物1%,羧甲基纤维素钠1%,球形塑料颗粒(直径2~3mm)8%;煤粉(40~60目)4%和聚乙烯醇0.3%备用;
其中,粉煤灰中各组分的质量百分比如下:SiO2为45%、Al2O3为25%、Fe2O3为5%、TiO2为0.5%、CaO为5%、MgO为0.5%、K2O为0.5%、Na2O为0.1%;
煤矸石中各组分的质量百分比如下:SiO2为40%、Al2O3为25%、Fe2O3为3%、TiO2为0.5%、CaO为0.5%、MgO为0.5%、K2O为0.5%、Na2O为0.1%;
赤泥中各组分的质量百分比如下:SiO2为20%、Al2O3为25%、Fe2O3为8%、CaO为9%、Na2O为6%。
页岩中各组分的质量百分比如下:SiO2为55%、Al2O3为15%、Fe2O3为5%、CaO为3%、K2O为2%、Na2O为0.5%;
步骤2.2,将煤矸石和页岩分别经破碎机粗碎至粒径≤3mm的颗粒,与粉煤灰、赤泥、长石、粘结剂和发泡剂混合后,放入球磨机球磨并过200目筛得到混合粉末A,将混合粉末A与煤粉在搅拌机混合均匀得到混合粉末B。
步骤2.3,将表面活性剂溶于水中,得到浓度为12%的胶体,按照胶体与造孔剂的体积比为1:30的比例将胶体与造孔剂混合均匀,得到粘胶造孔剂。
步骤2.4,将混合粉末B缓慢加入到粘胶造孔剂中,期间加水并不断搅拌,得到表面均匀粘附物料的球形颗粒料;
步骤2.5,将步骤2.4制得的球形颗粒料注入模具中,轻压使各颗粒紧密靠拢,自然干燥至有一定强度后脱模得到半干坯。
步骤2.6,采用钉板打孔机对坯体打孔,孔间距约3cm,然后在80℃的温度下干燥得到硬坯;
步骤2.7,将硬坯放入窑炉中在1170℃的条件煅烧30min,自然冷却降温得到具有多种吸声结构的生态陶瓷材料;
步骤2.8,将烧成的生态陶瓷材料进行表面切割得到吸声层的陶瓷吸声板。
步骤3,安装本发明的第一种生态外墙:
步骤3.1,将密度为550kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板砌成墙体,该闭孔泡沫陶瓷板既是结构层,又是保温隔热防火层和防水层;
步骤3.2,在该墙体表面用水泥浆找平,再涂抹水泥粘结层;
步骤3.3,出水组件包括在水泥粘结层上铺贴吸声层的陶瓷吸声板,铺贴时,在每层建筑的最上面相邻两排陶瓷板之间留出3cm~5cm空隙,用于安放调节湿度和温度的出水组件;
步骤3.4,通过螺纹钢锚杆从吸声层陶瓷板表面倾斜打入至墙体内,螺纹钢锚杆与墙面的夹角45°,锚杆顶部沉入吸声层陶瓷板内约1cm,再用水泥将锚杆顶部封闭;
步骤3.5,出水组件包括在吸声层陶瓷吸声板上沿预留出的空隙中安装镀锌材质的管道表面间隔均匀开设直径为10mm的圆孔,管道一端封闭,管道另一端连接储水装置的出雾水口,储水装置通过支架固定在外墙体上,储水装置的进水口连接自来水,并且内部放置超声波雾化器,超声波雾化器通过导线来连接电源,管道外部设置有电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器,电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器连接控制***,最后将管道用镀锌扣板固定;
步骤3.6,在吸声层陶瓷吸声板的表面种植绿色植物。
实施例5
步骤1,制备陶瓷保温隔热防水板。
步骤1.1,按照重量百分比取粉煤灰27%,煤矸石18%,赤泥12%,页岩45%,长石10%,复合发泡剂2%,备用;
步骤1.1中的复合发泡剂为碳化硅和碳酸钙组合物;
步骤1.2,将煤矸石、页岩分别经破碎机粗碎至小于3mm的颗粒,然后与粉煤灰、赤泥、长石粉、复合发泡剂和水等一起,放入球磨机球磨成细粉过200目筛;
步骤1.3,将步1.2得到的物料进行喷雾干燥造粒;
步骤1.4,将步骤1.3造粒得到的颗粒料装入耐火模具中,送入窑炉中烧制得到闭孔泡沫陶瓷板;
步骤1.4中在窑炉中的温度为1200℃,保温60分钟;
步骤1.5,将烧成的闭孔泡沫陶瓷按所需的规格进行切割得到成品;
将制作的闭孔泡沫陶瓷按照GB/T5486-2008检测其密度和抗压强度,测得其密度为700kg/m3,抗压强度为4.5MPa,按照GB/T10294-2008检测其导热系数,测得其导热系数为0.25W/(m·k)。该材料很适用作建筑外墙保温板;
步骤2,制备吸声层的陶瓷吸声板;
步骤2的具体过程如下:
步骤2.1,按照如下质量百分比称取原料:粉煤灰27%,煤矸石18%,赤泥12%,页岩40%,长石10%,碳化硅和硫酸钙混合物2%,羧甲基纤维素钠和黄原胶混合物3%,球形活性炭(直径1~3mm)10%和聚乙烯醇0.5%备用;
其中,粉煤灰中各组分的质量百分比如下:SiO2为50%、Al2O3为30%、Fe2O3为10%、TiO2为1.5%、CaO为10%、MgO为1.5%、K2O为1.5%、Na2O为0.5%;
煤矸石中各组分的质量百分比如下:SiO2为45%、Al2O3为30%、Fe2O3为8%、TiO2为1.5%、CaO为1.5%、MgO为1.5%、K2O为1.5%、Na2O为0.5%;
赤泥中各组分的质量百分比如下:SiO2为50%、Al2O3为30%、Fe2O3为13%、CaO为14%、Na2O为9%。
页岩中各组分的质量百分比如下:SiO2为60%、Al2O3为20%、Fe2O3为10%、CaO为5%、K2O为4%、Na2O为1.5%;
步骤2.2,将煤矸石和页岩分别经破碎机粗碎至粒径≤3mm的颗粒,与粉煤灰、赤泥、长石、粘结剂和发泡剂混合后,放入球磨机球磨并过200目筛子得到混合粉末A,将混合粉末A与煤粉在搅拌机混合均匀得到混合粉末B
步骤2.3,将表面活性剂溶于水中,得到浓度为15%的胶体,按照胶体与造孔剂的体积比为1:60的比例将胶体与造孔剂混合均匀,得到粘胶造孔剂。
步骤2.4,将混合粉末B缓慢加入到粘胶造孔剂中,期间加水并不断搅拌,得到表面均匀粘附物料的球形颗粒料;
步骤2.5,将步骤4制得的球形颗粒料注入模具中,轻压使各颗粒紧密靠拢,自然干燥至有一定强度后脱模得到半干坯。
步骤2.6,采用钉板打孔机对坯体打孔,孔间距约2cm,然后在80℃的温度下干燥得到硬坯;
步骤2.7,将硬坯放入窑炉中在1200℃的条件煅烧60min,自然冷却降温得到具有多种吸声结构的生态陶瓷材料;
步骤2.8,将烧成的生态陶瓷材料进行表面切割得到吸声层的陶瓷板;
将得到的具有多种吸声结构的生态陶瓷材料进行切割,从切割的断面观察到:该材料是由无数球形陶瓷气泡紧密堆积在一起构成的陶瓷材料,其中任意相邻两陶瓷气泡通过顶点连通,使材料内部形成无数的弯曲通道,并通至材料表面;在任意相邻几个陶瓷气泡的壁上及其交界区域内,布满了微小的开孔与闭孔陶瓷气泡;在该材料的长宽平面上,约每隔1cm有一个管状气孔,气孔轴线与材料长宽平面垂直;
对得到的具有多种吸声结构的生态陶瓷材料进行吸声性能、吸湿性能、气孔率、密度和抗压强度检测。采用驻波比法(检验依据:GB/T18696.1-2004)测定材料的降噪系数为0.56。测得材料的蓄水率为117Kg/m3。采用排水法测得材料的气孔率为83%,密度为380kg/m3。测得材料的抗压强度为4.5MPa;
步骤3,安装本发明的第二种生态外墙:
步骤3.1,在水泥砌块的建筑墙体表面用水泥浆找平,再涂抹水泥粘结层;
步骤3.2,在水泥粘结层上铺贴陶瓷保温隔热防水层的密度为200kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板,在该陶瓷板上涂抹水泥粘结层,该水泥粘结层既可对闭孔泡沫陶瓷板之间缝隙进行封堵,进一步加强防水,又可粘结陶瓷吸声板;
步骤3.3,在水泥粘结层上铺贴吸声层的陶瓷吸声板。铺贴时,在每层建筑的最上面相邻两排陶瓷板之间留出3cm~5cm空隙,用于安放调节湿度和温度的出水组件;
步骤3.4,通过螺纹钢锚杆从吸声层陶瓷板表面倾斜打入至墙体内,螺纹钢锚杆与墙面的夹角60°,锚杆顶部沉入吸声层陶瓷板内约1cm,再用水泥将锚杆顶部封闭;
步骤3.5,出水组件包括在吸声层陶瓷板上沿预留出的空隙中安装PVC材质的管道,管道表面间隔均匀开设直径为8mm的圆孔,管道的一端封闭,管道的另一端连接三通的一端,三通的另两端分别连接自来水和储水装置的出雾水口,储水装置通过支架固定在外墙体上,储水装置的进水口连接自来水,并且内部放置超声波雾化器,超声波雾化器通过导线来连接电源,管道外部设置有电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器,电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器连接控制***,最后将管道用镀锌扣板固定;
步骤3.6,在吸声层陶瓷吸声板的表面种植绿色植物。
Claims (10)
1.一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,其特征在于,具体操作过程包括如下步骤:
步骤1,制备陶瓷保温隔热防水层的陶瓷板;
步骤2,制备吸声层的陶瓷吸声板;
步骤2.1,按照如下质量百分比称取原料:粉煤灰22%~27%,煤矸石13%~18%,赤泥8%~12%,页岩40%~45%,长石5%~10%,复合发泡剂0.1%~3%,粘结剂0.5%~3%,造孔剂7%~12%,表面活性剂0~1%备用;
步骤2.2,将煤矸石和页岩分别经破碎机粗碎粒径≤3mm的颗粒,然后与粉煤灰、赤泥、长石粉、粘结剂和发泡剂混合后,放入球磨机球磨至细度可过200目筛,得到混合粉末A,将混合粉末A与煤粉在搅拌机混合均匀得到混合粉末B;
步骤2.3,将表面活性剂溶于水中,得到浓度为10%~12%的胶体,按照胶体与造孔剂的体积比为1:30~60的比例将胶体与造孔剂混合均匀,得到粘胶造孔剂;
步骤2.4,将混合粉末B缓慢加入到表面粘胶的造孔剂中,期间加水并不断搅拌,得到表面均匀粘附物料的球形颗粒料;
步骤2.5,将步骤2.4制得的球形颗粒料注入模具中,轻压使各颗粒紧密靠拢,自然干燥至有一定强度后脱模得到半干坯;
步骤2.6,采用钉板打孔机对半干坯体打孔,孔间距1cm~5cm,然后在80oC~90 oC的温度下干燥得到硬坯;
步骤2.7,将硬坯放入窑炉中在1150 oC~1200 oC的条件煅烧,煅烧20min~60min,自然冷却降温得到具有多种吸声结构的生态陶瓷材料;
步骤2.8,将烧成的生态陶瓷材料进行表面切割得到吸声层的陶瓷吸声板;
步骤3,安装生态外墙:
步骤3.1,在建筑墙体表面用水泥浆找平,再涂抹水泥粘结层;
步骤3.2,在水泥粘结层上铺贴陶瓷保温隔热防水层,在该板上涂抹水泥粘结层;
步骤3.3,在水泥粘结层上铺贴吸声层的陶瓷吸声板,铺贴时,在每层建筑的最上面相邻两排陶瓷板之间留出3cm~5cm空隙,用于安放调节湿度和温度的出水组件;
步骤3.4,通过螺纹钢锚杆从吸声层陶瓷吸声板表面倾斜打入至墙体内;
步骤3.5,出水组件包括在吸声层陶瓷吸声板上沿预留出的空隙中安装 PVC材质或镀锌材质的管道,所述管道表面间隔均匀开设直径为5mm~10mm的圆孔,所述管道一端封闭,所述管道另一端直接连接自来水或连接储水装置的出雾水口,所述储水装置通过支架固定在外墙体上,所述储水装置的进水口连接自来水,并且内部放置超声波雾化器,所述超声波雾化器通过导线来连接电源,所述管道外部设置有电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器,所述电动阀门、温度传感器和湿度传感器连接控制***,最后将管道用镀锌扣板固定;
步骤3.6,在吸声层陶瓷吸声板的表面种植绿色植物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3.1中的建筑墙体包括但不限于密度为500kg/m3~700kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板或水泥砌块。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3.5中管道另一端还连接三通的一端,三通的另两端分别连接自来水和储水装置的出雾水口。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1的具体过程如下:
步骤1.1,按照重量百分比取粉煤灰22%~27%,煤矸石13%~18%,赤泥8%~12%,页岩40%~45%,长石5%~10%,复合发泡剂0.2%~2%,备用;
步骤1.2,将煤矸石、页岩分别经破碎机粗碎至小于3mm的颗粒,然后与粉煤灰、赤泥、长石粉、复合发泡剂和水一起,放入球磨机球磨成细粉;
步骤1.3,将步骤1.2得到的物料进行喷雾干燥造粒;
步骤1.4,将步骤1.3造粒得到的颗粒料装入耐火模具中,送入窑炉中烧制得到闭孔泡沫陶瓷板;
步骤1.5,将烧成的闭孔泡沫陶瓷按所需的规格进行切割得到成品。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1.4中在窑炉中的温度为1150oC~1200 oC,时间为30分钟~60分钟。
6.如权利要求4所述的一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1.1中的复合发泡剂包括碳酸钙、硫酸钙和碳化硅中的任几种按照任意比例的组合物。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,其特征在于,制备得到的生态墙体包括由内向外依次设置的陶瓷保温隔热防水层(3)、吸声层(1)和出水组件中的任意一个或两个或三个,还包括绿化层(7),所述陶瓷保温隔热防水层(3)通过粘结层(2)与所述吸声层(1)粘接在一起,所述绿化层(7)位于所述吸声层(1)表面,所述吸声层(1)的墙面上部留有与地面方向平行的空隙,所述空隙中安装有出水组件,用于调节湿度和温度;
所述吸声层(1)包括沿着与地面平行方向平行排列的至少两排依次相接铺设的矩形陶瓷吸声板,位于上部的相邻两排陶瓷吸声板之间留有空隙,用于安装所述出水组件;
所述陶瓷保温隔热防水层(3)包括密度为500kg/m3~700kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板,并且其强度与干密度为B07的加气混凝土砌块相当,用作墙体主体结构。
8.如权利要求2所述的一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,其特征在于,制备得到的生态墙体还包括所述陶瓷保温隔热防水层(3)的内侧通过所述粘结层(2)直接粘接在所述水泥砌块(4)表面;
所述陶瓷保温隔热防水层(3)包括150kg/m3~300kg/m3的闭孔泡沫陶瓷板;
所述吸声层(1)的所述陶瓷吸声板通过螺纹钢锚杆由外向内贯穿两层所述粘结层(2)和所述陶瓷保温隔热防水层(3)固定在所述水泥砌块(4)上。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,其特征在于,每层之间通过螺纹钢锚杆(6)贯穿固定在最内层上,所述螺纹钢锚杆(6)与最内层竖直方向夹角仅限于锐角;
所述螺纹钢锚杆(6)沉入最外层墙面内部1cm~2cm,并且所述螺纹钢锚杆(6)位于最外层墙面内部与外界形成的沉孔通过水泥浆密封。
10.如权利要求9所述的一种多功能生态外墙的制备方法,其特征在于,所述螺纹钢锚杆(6)与最内层竖直方向夹角为30o~75o。
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CN215992220U (zh) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-03-11 | 建国伟业防水科技望都有限公司 | 一种屋顶立体绿化循环*** |
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EP4174244A1 (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-05-03 | Hans Antonius Borra | Element for a green roof or a green wall |
CN216545083U (zh) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-05-17 | 杭州达圆新材料有限公司 | 具有防水耐候功能的高强度塑木件 |
CN114342699B (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-01-31 | 张淼 | 风景园林的可调式绿化墙结构 |
DE202022101757U1 (de) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-04-11 | Matthias Delker | Substratplatte für Dachbegrünung |
CN218779714U (zh) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-03-31 | 百年住屋(大连)建筑科技发展有限公司 | 一种低能耗自保温复合结构墙体 |
CN114775846A (zh) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-07-22 | 百年住屋(大连)建筑科技发展有限公司 | 一种低能耗自保温复合结构墙体 |
CN218897691U (zh) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-04-25 | 中铁二十局集团第五工程有限公司 | 一种用于坡屋面的种植结构 |
CN219671424U (zh) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-09-12 | 浙江绿艺建设有限公司 | 绿色建筑地下室顶板景观绿化结构 |
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2019
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