CN110340530B - Double-sided forming control method for welding seam of medium plate laser-arc hybrid welding - Google Patents
Double-sided forming control method for welding seam of medium plate laser-arc hybrid welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN110340530B CN110340530B CN201910590791.0A CN201910590791A CN110340530B CN 110340530 B CN110340530 B CN 110340530B CN 201910590791 A CN201910590791 A CN 201910590791A CN 110340530 B CN110340530 B CN 110340530B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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Abstract
The invention provides a double-sided forming control method for a laser-arc hybrid welding seam of a medium plate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 1: the groove arranged at the joint of the upper surface of the butt-joint steel plate is a first groove, and the groove arranged at the joint of the lower surface of the butt-joint steel plate is a second groove; the size of the groove comprises the width and the depth of the groove, and the shape of the groove is the shape of the cross section of the groove; step 2: determining the size and the shape of the first groove, and processing; and step 3: determining the size and the shape of the second groove, and processing; and 4, step 4: and welding the upper surface seam of the butted steel plates by adopting a laser-electric arc composite welding method. By implementing the method, the existing welding equipment and the existing process method are not greatly changed, the double-sided forming quality of the laser-arc composite welding seam of the medium plate is improved, and the method has the advantages of universality and universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser-arc hybrid deep fusion welding of high-strength steel medium plates, in particular to a double-side forming control method of a medium plate laser-arc hybrid welding seam.
Background
The high-strength steel is mainly applied to the fields of large engineering facilities and mechanical equipment, and the application form is mainly medium and heavy plates with the thickness of more than 10 mm. When butt welding is performed on a steel plate with a large thickness, a common method is to process a deep groove first and then perform multilayer and multichannel filler wire welding. The welding method mainly adopts arc welding, including Metal Inert Gas (MIG), Metal Active Gas (MAG), Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) and the like. These traditional welding methods are relatively tedious in process and low in welding efficiency.
The laser is used as a high-energy-density heat source, when the laser is applied to the field of medium and thick plate welding, the single-pass welding penetration depth can be effectively increased, and the number of welding layers and welding tracks can be reduced, so that the welding process flow is greatly simplified, but for a steel plate with larger thickness, the penetration capacity of the laser is still limited by the power of the steel plate; in the deep fusion welding process, because the amount of molten liquid metal in a welding seam is relatively large, when a steel plate is welded through, a molten pool is easily caused to flow down under the influence of gravity, even a back hump can be caused, the welding seam forming is seriously influenced, and the application of a laser deep fusion welding method in the welding of medium and heavy plates is limited; most of the existing welding improvement methods need to greatly change the existing welding equipment and/or process, so that the universality and universality of the welding improvement method are reduced.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field strive to develop a double-sided forming control method for the laser-arc hybrid welding seam of the medium plate, can improve the double-sided forming quality of the laser-arc hybrid welding seam of the medium plate without greatly changing the existing welding equipment and process method, and has the advantages of universality and universality.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to improve the quality of double-sided formation of the laser-arc hybrid welding seam of the medium plate and improve the universality and universality of double-sided formation of the laser-arc hybrid welding seam of the medium plate without greatly changing the existing welding equipment and process.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a double-sided forming control method for a medium plate laser-arc hybrid welding seam, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the groove arranged at the joint of the upper surface of the butt-joint steel plate is a first groove, and the groove arranged at the joint of the lower surface of the butt-joint steel plate is a second groove; the size of the groove comprises the width and the depth of the groove, and the shape of the groove is the shape of the cross section of the groove;
step 2: determining the size and the shape of the first groove, and processing;
and step 3: determining the size and the shape of the second groove, and processing;
and 4, step 4: and welding the upper surface seam of the butted steel plates by adopting a laser-electric arc composite welding method.
Further, the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: selecting a sample flat plate with the same material as the butt-joint steel plate;
step 2.2: overlaying the sample flat plate by adopting an arc welding method, wherein the cross section of a weld joint obtained after overlaying is in a first weld joint shape;
step 2.3: determining the depth of the first groove according to the thickness of the butt-joint steel plate, and determining the width of the first groove according to the shape of the first weld;
step 2.4: determining the shape of the first groove;
step 2.5: and according to the step 2.3 and the step 2.4, processing the first groove at the joint of the upper surfaces of the butted steel plates.
Further, the arc welding in the step 2.2 is the same as the arc welding selected in the laser-arc hybrid welding method in the step 4.
Further, in step 2.3, the width of the first groove is smaller than or equal to the width of the first weld shape, and the width and the depth of the first groove can ensure that the welding equipment can extend into the groove.
Further, in step 2.4, the shape of the first bevel is an arc or a U.
Further, the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: selecting a sample butt-joint steel plate which is the same as the butt-joint steel plate in material;
step 3.2: according to the size and the shape of the first groove determined in the step 2, a groove which is the same as the first groove is formed in the seam of the upper surface of the sample butt-joint steel plate, and no groove is formed in the seam of the lower surface of the sample butt-joint steel plate;
step 3.3: welding the upper surface seam of the sample butt-joint steel plate by adopting a laser-arc hybrid welding method, wherein the cross section of the obtained welding seam is in a second welding seam shape;
step 3.4: determining the width of the second groove according to the shape of the second weld;
step 3.5: determining the shape of the second groove;
step 3.6: and according to the step 3.4 and the step 3.5, processing the second groove at the joint of the lower surfaces of the butted steel plates.
Further, in step 3.4, the width of the second groove is less than or equal to the width of the second weld shape, and the ratio of the depth of the second groove to the depth of the second weld shape that is not welded through or the height of the back hump after welding through is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1.1.
Further, in step 3.5, the second bevel has a V-shape.
Further, the step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: if the thickness of the butt joint steel plate is smaller than 18mm, turning to step 4.3, otherwise, turning to step 4.2;
step 4.2: backing welding the upper surface seam of the butt-jointed steel plate by adopting a single laser welding method, wherein the power of a laser selected by the single laser welding method is in direct proportion to the thickness of the butt-jointed steel plate;
step 4.3: and welding the upper surface seam of the butted steel plates by adopting a laser-electric arc composite welding method.
Further, the power of the laser selected by the single laser welding method in the step 4.2 is more than or equal to 8 kW; in the step 4.3, the laser selected in the laser-arc hybrid welding method is a fiber laser or CO2The laser, the electric arc welding selected in the laser-electric arc composite welding method is the metal inert gas shielded welding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention realizes the utilization of the existing welding equipment and process method by arranging the grooves at the seams of the butt-jointed steel plates, improves the double-sided forming quality of the welding seams of the laser-arc hybrid welding of the medium plates, and has the advantages of universality and universality;
2. the groove is arranged at the joint of the upper surfaces of the butted steel plates, so that the weld penetration is effectively increased;
3. the groove is arranged at the joint of the lower surfaces of the butt-jointed steel plates, so that the formation of a hump on the back is reduced or eliminated, and the effect of improving the formation of the back of a welding seam is achieved.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the size and shape of a first bevel and a second bevel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a weld seam obtained using a MIG welding process in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the sagging phenomenon that occurs when a pure laser welding method is used to weld through a butt weld that does not employ a back bevel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the double-sided formation of a weld according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components may be exaggerated where appropriate in the figures to improve clarity.
Example 1:
the butt-jointed steel plate material of the embodiment is Q890 low-alloy high-strength steel, the thickness of the butt-jointed steel plate is 20mm, and an IPG fiber laser and a Fronius welding machine are adopted to carry out laser MIG composite welding. The adopted double-sided forming control method for the laser-arc hybrid welding seam of the medium plate specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: the groove arranged at the joint of the upper surface of the butted steel plate is a first groove, and the groove arranged at the joint of the lower surface of the butted steel plate is a second groove; the size of the groove comprises the width and the depth of the groove, and the shape of the groove is the shape of the cross section of the groove;
step 2: determining the size and the shape of the first groove, and processing;
step 2 comprises the following substeps:
step 2.1: selecting a sample flat plate with the same material as the butt-joint steel plate;
step 2.2: overlaying a sample flat plate by adopting an MIG welding method, wherein the cross section of a weld joint obtained after overlaying is in a first weld joint shape as shown in figure 2;
step 2.3: determining the depth of the first groove according to the thickness of the butted steel plates, and determining the width of the first groove according to the shape of the first weld joint; the width of the first groove is smaller than or equal to the width of the shape of the first welding seam, and the width and the depth of the first groove can ensure that the welding equipment can stretch into the groove; as shown in fig. 1, the width a of the first bevel is 8mm, and the depth b is 4 mm;
step 2.4: determining the shape of the first groove; the shape of the first bevel is arc or U-shaped, and the embodiment is preferably U-shaped, as shown in fig. 1;
step 2.5: processing a first groove at the joint of the upper surfaces of the butted steel plates according to the step 2.3 and the step 2.4;
and step 3: determining the size and the shape of the second groove, and processing;
the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: selecting a sample butt-joint steel plate with the same material as the butt-joint steel plate;
step 3.2: according to the size and the shape of the first groove determined in the step 2, a groove which is the same as the first groove is formed in the seam of the upper surface of the sample butt-joint steel plate, and no groove is formed in the seam of the lower surface of the sample butt-joint steel plate;
step 3.3: welding the upper surface seam of the sample butt-joint steel plate by adopting a laser MIG composite welding method, wherein the cross section of the obtained welding seam is in a second welding seam shape; as shown in fig. 3;
step 3.4: determining the width of a second groove according to the shape of the second weld; the width of the second groove is less than or equal to the width of the second welding seam shape, and the second welding seam shape has a collapse phenomenon after penetration welding, so that the ratio of the depth of the second groove to the height of the hump at the back of the second welding seam shape penetration welding is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1.1;
step 3.5: determining the shape of the second groove; the shape of the second groove in this embodiment is preferably V-shaped; the shape and the size of the second groove are shown in fig. 1, the width dimension c of the second groove is 2mm, and the depth dimension d is 4 mm;
step 3.6: according to the step 3.4 and the step 3.5, a second groove is processed at the joint of the lower surfaces of the butted steel plates;
and 4, step 4: welding the upper surface seam of the butted steel plates by adopting a laser MIG composite welding method; in the embodiment, the thickness e of the welding plate is 20mm and more than 18mm, and the single laser-arc composite welding is difficult to penetrate, so that the single laser welding is adopted for priming, the welding power is 8kW, and the welding depth is 8 mm. Then, welding by adopting a laser MIG composite welding method, wherein the laser power is 8kW, the wire feeding speed is 8m/min, the welding current is 200A, and the distance between an electric arc and a laser spot is 3mm, and finally, laser composite welding is finished; the schematic diagram of the double-sided forming effect of the welded seam is shown in fig. 4.
Example 2:
the butt-jointed steel plate material of the embodiment is Q690 low-alloy high-strength steel, the thickness of the butt-jointed steel plate is 15mm, and CO is adopted2And carrying out laser MIG composite welding by using the fiber laser and a Fronius welding machine. On the basis of the embodiment 1, the step 4 is replaced by directly adopting a laser MIG composite welding method to carry out welding, wherein the laser power is 10kW, the wire feeding speed is 8m/min, the welding current is 200A, and the distance between an electric arc and a laser spot is 3mm, and finally the laser composite welding is finished.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A double-sided forming control method for a welding seam of a medium plate laser-arc hybrid welding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the groove arranged at the joint of the upper surface of the butt-joint steel plate is a first groove, and the groove arranged at the joint of the lower surface of the butt-joint steel plate is a second groove; the size of the groove comprises the width and the depth of the groove, and the shape of the groove is the shape of the cross section of the groove;
step 2: determining the size and the shape of the first groove, and processing;
and step 3: determining the size and the shape of the second groove, and processing;
and 4, step 4: welding the upper surface seam of the butted steel plates by adopting a laser-electric arc composite welding method;
the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: selecting a sample flat plate with the same material as the butt-joint steel plate;
step 2.2: overlaying the sample flat plate by adopting an arc welding method, wherein the cross section of a weld joint obtained after overlaying is in a first weld joint shape;
step 2.3: determining the depth of the first groove according to the thickness of the butt-joint steel plate, and determining the width of the first groove according to the shape of the first weld;
step 2.4: determining the shape of the first groove;
step 2.5: according to the step 2.3 and the step 2.4, processing the first groove at the joint of the upper surfaces of the butted steel plates;
in the step 2.4, the first groove is arc-shaped or U-shaped;
the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: selecting a sample butt-joint steel plate which is the same as the butt-joint steel plate in material;
step 3.2: according to the size and the shape of the first groove determined in the step 2, a groove which is the same as the first groove is formed in the seam of the upper surface of the sample butt-joint steel plate, and no groove is formed in the seam of the lower surface of the sample butt-joint steel plate;
step 3.3: welding the upper surface seam of the sample butt-joint steel plate by adopting a laser-arc hybrid welding method, wherein the cross section of the obtained welding seam is in a second welding seam shape;
step 3.4: determining the width of the second groove according to the shape of the second weld;
step 3.5: determining the shape of the second groove;
step 3.6: according to the step 3.4 and the step 3.5, processing the second groove at the joint of the lower surfaces of the butted steel plates;
in the step 3.5, the second groove is in a V shape.
2. The method for controlling the double-sided formation of the weld joint of the laser-arc hybrid welding of the medium plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arc welding in the step 2.2 is the same as the arc welding selected in the laser-arc hybrid welding method in the step 4.
3. The method for controlling the double-sided forming of the laser-arc hybrid welding seam of the medium plate as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step 2.3, the width of the first groove is less than or equal to the width of the shape of the first welding seam, and the width and the depth of the first groove can ensure that the welding equipment can extend into the groove.
4. The method for controlling double-sided forming of the laser-arc hybrid welding seam of the medium plate according to claim 3, wherein in the step 3.4, the width of the second groove is less than or equal to the width of the second welding seam shape, and the ratio of the depth of the second groove to the depth of the second welding seam shape which is not welded through or the height of the humpback after welding through is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 1.1.
5. The method for controlling the double-sided forming of the laser-arc hybrid welding seam of the medium plate as claimed in claim 4, wherein the width dimension of the second groove is 2mm, and the depth dimension of the second groove is 4 mm.
6. The method for controlling the double-sided forming of the laser-arc hybrid welding seam of the medium plate as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: if the thickness of the butt joint steel plate is smaller than 18mm, turning to step 4.3, otherwise, turning to step 4.2;
step 4.2: backing welding the upper surface seam of the butt-jointed steel plate by adopting a single laser welding method, wherein the power of a laser selected by the single laser welding method is in direct proportion to the thickness of the butt-jointed steel plate;
step 4.3: and welding the upper surface seam of the butted steel plates by adopting a laser-electric arc composite welding method.
7. The method for controlling the double-sided forming of the laser-arc hybrid welding seam of the medium plate as claimed in claim 6, wherein the laser power selected in the single laser welding method in the step 4.2 is greater than or equal to 8 kW; in the step 4.3, the laser selected in the laser-arc hybrid welding method is a fiber laser or CO2The laser, the electric arc welding selected in the laser-electric arc composite welding method is the metal inert gas shielded welding.
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| CN112222653A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-15 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Welding method of layered bimetal composite plate |
| CN114054955A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-02-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Laser-electric arc hybrid welding process for steel for medium plate ocean platform |
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| CN101607336B (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-06-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Weld shape design method capable of ensuring undermatching butt joint to bear load in light of strength of parent materials |
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| CN105798462A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-27 | 哈尔滨润德伟业科技发展有限公司 | Welding method utilizing laser-MAG compound heat source |
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