CN110326513B - Disease-resistant seedling raising substrate production method based on sludge - Google Patents
Disease-resistant seedling raising substrate production method based on sludge Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
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- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A production method of a disease-resistant seedling raising substrate based on sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing mushroom residue particles, agricultural straw crushed materials, sawdust powder and other waste materials with fly ash, sludge and a biological control microbial inoculum to obtain a product P1; carrying out aerobic fermentation on the product P1, and turning and throwing the product by using a turner every 7 days to obtain a product P2; and (3) screening the product P3, refluxing the oversize product to the step S4, mixing, compounding the undersize product with perlite, vermiculite, coconut shell silk and trace elements to obtain a matrix P, and adjusting the pH value and EC value of the matrix P to obtain a seedling culture matrix finished product. The invention provides a method for producing disease-resistant seedling raising matrix based on sludge, which utilizes sludge and agricultural waste as raw materials to produce the disease-resistant seedling raising matrix through oxygen fermentation of microorganisms in mushroom residues, biological prevention strains and the like, solves the problem of difficult sludge treatment at present, and provides a brand-new disease-resistant seedling raising matrix for agricultural production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sludge treatment method, in particular to a disease-resistant seedling raising substrate production method based on sludge.
Background
Sludge is a sediment substance generated in the sewage treatment process of urban sewage plants and residues floating on the surface of sewage.
The sludge contains abundant N, P, K and organic matters, is a good seedling substrate resource, has a yield increasing effect on crops, and can improve soil by humus generated by decomposition of the organic matters in the sludge, so that the sludge is a good soil conditioner. However, the sludge has high salt content, high heavy metal content and various types, and mainly comprises Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni and the like; the sludge contains pathogens harmful to human body, such as bacteria, viruses and helminth eggs. These harmful microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria are carried into the soil to spread diseases. These are the most major obstacles to agricultural utilization of municipal sludge.
The current sewage treatment plant treatment scheme for sludge comprises: incineration, landfill, drying and traditional composting. However, these methods have some disadvantages, mainly manifested by environmental pollution or strict condition limitation, and the sludge resource is not utilized. Although the sludge is prepared into the organic fertilizer by the traditional composting method, the fermentation is incomplete, the heavy metal content exceeds the standard, the salt ion concentration is high, the nutrient content is unstable, secondary pollution is often generated, and the national relevant standard of the organic fertilizer cannot be achieved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for producing disease-resistant seedling raising matrix based on sludge, which utilizes sludge and agricultural waste as raw materials to produce the disease-resistant seedling raising matrix through aerobic fermentation of microorganisms, biological control strains, plant symbiotic bacteria and the like in mushroom residues, and overcomes the defects of the traditional compost. The process solves the problem of difficult sludge treatment in the prior art, and provides a brand-new disease-resistant seedling culture substrate for agricultural production.
The invention is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, crushing the mushroom dregs into mushroom dreg particles for later use; crushing agricultural waste into powder, and uniformly mixing the powder with fly ash to obtain mixed powder for later use;
s2, uniformly mixing the sludge, the mushroom residue particles, the mixed powder and a plurality of biological control bacteria agents to obtain a product P1;
s3, feeding the product P1 into a fermentation room for aerobic fermentation, and turning by using a turner every 7 days to obtain a product P2;
s4, conveying the product P2 into a secondary fermentation room for static anaerobic fermentation to obtain a product P3;
s5, screening the product P3 to obtain oversize products and undersize products, refluxing the oversize products to the step S2 to mix, compounding the undersize products with perlite, vermiculite, coconut shell shreds and trace elements to obtain a matrix P, and adjusting the pH value and EC value of the matrix P to obtain a finished seedling raising matrix.
Further, in the step S1, the mushroom residues are mushroom residues produced by one or more edible mushrooms in needle mushroom, pleurotus eryngii, oyster mushroom, agaric and morchella nutrition bags, and the particle size of the mushroom residue particles is 0.1-0.5 cm.
Still further, in the step S1, the agricultural waste is one or two of straw and sawdust, the particle size of the agricultural waste powder is 0.01-0.1 mm, and the volume ratio of the agricultural waste powder to the fly ash is 10: 1.
still further, the plurality of biological control agents in step S2 are a plurality of plant growth-promoting fungi kb-3(NCBI accession No. MF457482), bacillus (NCBI accession No. MK601657), pseudomonas korea (NCBI accession No. MK599140), and burkholderia (NCBI accession No. MK 601672);
the preparation method of the biological control microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: adding a Luria-Bertani culture medium into a 50ml conical flask for enrichment culture for 12h, diluting and coating, and selecting a single colony to culture in opposition to watermelon wilt bacteria and rice sheath blight bacteria, wherein the strain with an inhibiting effect is the biological control strain.
Further, in the step S2, the mixing volume ratio of the sludge, the mushroom residue particles, the mixed powder and the plurality of biological control bacteria agents is 60: 12: 27: 1, the water content of the product P1 is 65-75%.
Furthermore, in the step S3, the fermentation time is 10-15 days, and the fermentation temperature is 45-70 ℃.
Furthermore, in step S4, the fermentation time is 15-20 days, and the fermentation temperature is decreased to 45 ℃ to determine that the fermentation is finished.
Furthermore, in the step S5, the mixing volume ratio of the undersize product, the perlite, the vermiculite and the coconut shell shreds is 0.1-7.0: 0.1 to 1.0: 0.1 to 1.0: 0.1-1.0, adjusting the pH value of the substrate P to 5.5-7.0 by using citric acid and industrial acetic acid, and adjusting the EC value of the substrate P to 1.0-1.5Ms/cm by washing with water or adding inorganic salt.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for producing disease-resistant seedling raising matrix based on sludge, which utilizes sludge and agricultural waste as raw materials, and produces the disease-resistant seedling raising matrix by using oxygen fermentation of microorganisms, biological control strains, plant symbiotic bacteria and the like in mushroom residues, wherein the mushroom residues can be inoculated with various fermentation strains to promote the decomposition of straws in the fermentation process; the fly ash can destroy the structure of the flocculating agent so as to release bound water, and the normal operation of the fermentation process of the sludge is facilitated; the fiber surface of the powder of the agricultural straw smaller than 0.1mm exposes a large amount of hydroxyl, and the hydroxyl can be combined with the amino of the flocculating agent in the sludge to form a hydrogen bond, compete for the bound water locked in the flocculating agent, convert the bound water into free water and rapidly ferment to generate heat and evaporate, and on the other hand, the fiber surface can play a role in loosening, ventilating and passivating heavy metals, thereby being beneficial to the fermentation of microorganisms; the biological control microbial inoculum can effectively improve plant resistance, promote plant growth and inhibit pathogenic bacteria growth, wherein the plate inhibition effect of bacillus (NCBI accession number MK601657) and pseudomonas korea (NCBI accession number MK599140) on fusarium oxysporum kuhn is up to 95%, and the inhibition effect of burkholderia (NCBI accession number MK601672) on ralstonia solanacearum is up to 86%. The invention solves the problem of difficult sludge treatment in the prior art, and also provides a brand-new disease-resistant seedling culture substrate for agricultural production.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
Example 1
The location is selected atThe test run in the agriculture academy of the university of Jingzhou Changjiang, Hubei province is carried out by taking sludge 2m from sludge treatment plant in Jingzhou city2The water content of the sludge is 83 percent, and the following steps are carried out:
s1, smashing the needle mushroom residues to particles smaller than 0.5cm for later use by a smashing machine;
s2, crushing the rice straws into powder with the particle size smaller than 0.1mm by using a crusher, and mixing the powder with the fly ash according to the volume ratio of 10: 1 to obtain mixed powder for later use;
s3, performing respective propagation culture on a plurality of biological control strains including strains such as plant growth-promoting fungi kb-3(NCBI accession number MF457482), bacillus (NCBI accession number MK601657), pseudomonas korea (NCBI accession number MK599140) and Burkholderia plantarii (NCBI accession number MK601672) one week in advance to obtain each 12L, and mixing to obtain a biological control microbial inoculum;
s4, mixing the sludge, the mushroom residue particles, the mixed powder and the biological control microbial inoculum according to a volume ratio of 2000L: 400L: 500L: 33.3L of the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a product P1, and the water content of the product P1 is 66 percent after the mixture is finished;
s5, feeding the product P1 into a fermentation room for aerobic fermentation, and turning and throwing the product once by a turner for about 7 days, wherein the fermentation time is 12 days, so that a product P2 is obtained, and the fermentation temperature is controlled to be more than 55 ℃;
s6, conveying the product P2 into a secondary fermentation chamber for secondary fermentation, wherein the process is static anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation time is 16 days, the fermentation temperature is reduced to 45 ℃, the fermentation is considered to be finished, the product P3 is obtained, and the decomposition rate of organic matters reaches 60% after the fermentation is finished;
s7, screening the product P3, enabling oversize products not to flow back to enter S4 for mixing again, adjusting the pH value of undersize products to 6.3 by using acetic acid, adjusting the EC value to 1.0-1.5Ms/cm by washing with water to obtain a product P4, and then enabling the product P4, perlite, vermiculite and coconut shell shreds to be mixed according to the volume ratio of 0.1-7.0: 0.1 to 1.0: 0.1 to 1.0: compounding the mixture according to the proportion of 0.1-1.0 to obtain a substrate P, adjusting the pH value to 7.0 and the EC value to 1.0-1.5Ms/cm, and preparing a seedling substrate finished product, wherein the water content of the seedling substrate finished product is reduced to 32%.
The watermelon seeds are used for testing the seedling raising matrix P, and compared with common seedling raising matrixes on the market, the result shows that the seed germination rate of the seedling raising matrix P reaches 99 percent, and is equivalent to that of the common seedling raising matrix, but the germination time is 0.5-1 day earlier than that of the common seedling raising matrix on the market, because the seedling raising matrix P contains a large amount of plant growth promoting factors.
Inoculating the watermelon fusarium wilt pathogens into the seedling substrate P and a common seedling substrate, transplanting watermelon seedlings in the corresponding seedling substrate into the seedling substrate, and counting the watermelon morbidity after 30 days. The results show that the morbidity of the watermelons planted in the seedling substrate P is 42.8 percent, while the morbidity of the watermelons in the common seedling substrate is up to 88.7 percent, which is more than twice of that of the seedling substrate P.
The case proves that the seedling substrate P produced by the process has the effects of obviously improving the plant resistance, promoting the plant growth and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
Example 2
The site is selected from 20m sludge from sludge treatment plant of Zhongpai Hubei province, and is operated in Zhongpai Hubei Biotechnology limited company of Zhongpai Hubei Zhongshi of Zhongxiang province2The water content of the sludge is 80 percent, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, smashing needle mushroom and pleurotus eryngii mushroom residues to particles smaller than 0.5cm by a smashing machine to obtain mushroom residue particles for later use;
s2, crushing the rice straws, the wheat straws and the saw dust into powder with the particle size less than 0.1mm by using a crusher, and mixing the powder with the fly ash according to the volume ratio of 10: 1 to obtain mixed powder for later use;
s3, performing respective propagation culture on a plurality of biological control strains including strains such as plant growth-promoting fungi kb-3(NCBI accession number MF457482), bacillus (NCBI accession number MK601657), pseudomonas korea (NCBI accession number MK599140) and Burkholderia plantarii (NCBI accession number MK601672) one week in advance to obtain 120L biological control microbial inoculum for later use;
s4, mixing the sludge, the mushroom residue particles, the mixed powder and the biological control microbial inoculum in a volume ratio of 20m2：4m2：7m2：0.33m2Uniformly mixing to obtain a product P1, wherein the water content of the product P1 is 65%;
s5, feeding the product P1 into a fermentation room for aerobic fermentation, and turning and throwing the product once by a turner for about 7 days, wherein the fermentation time is 15 days, so that a product P2 is obtained, and the fermentation temperature is controlled to be above 55 ℃;
s6, conveying the product P2 into a secondary fermentation chamber for secondary fermentation, wherein the process is static anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation time is 20 days, the fermentation temperature is reduced to 45 ℃, the fermentation is considered to be finished, the product P3 is obtained, and the decomposition rate of organic matters reaches 63% after the fermentation is finished;
s7, screening the product P3, wherein oversize products do not flow back to S4 for mixing again; adjusting the pH value of the sieved part to 6.5 by using acetic acid, adjusting the EC value to 1.0-1.5Ms/cm by washing with water to obtain a product P4, and then adjusting the volume ratio of the product P4 to perlite, vermiculite and coconut shell shreds to 0-7.0: 0-1.0: 0-1.0: 0-1.0 to obtain a substrate P, adjusting the pH value to 7.0 and the EC value to 1.0-1.5Ms/cm, and preparing a seedling substrate finished product, wherein the water content is reduced to 36%.
The tomato seeds are used for testing the seedling substrate P, and compared with common seedling substrates on the market, the result shows that the seed germination rate of the seedling substrate P reaches 99 percent, and is equivalent to that of the common seedling substrate, but the germination time is 0.5-1 day earlier than that of the common seedling substrate on the market, because the seedling substrate P contains a large amount of plant growth promoting factors.
Inoculating the ralstonia solanacearum to the seedling substrate P and the common seedling substrate, transplanting the tomato seedlings in the corresponding seedling substrate to the seedling substrate, and counting the tomato morbidity after 25 days. The results show that the incidence rate of the tomatoes planted in the seedling substrate P is 53.2%, while the incidence rate of the tomatoes planted in the common seedling substrate is 95.1%, which is far higher than that of the seedling substrate P.
The case proves that the seedling substrate P produced by the process has the effects of obviously improving the disease resistance of plants and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (4)
1. A production method of a disease-resistant seedling raising substrate based on sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, crushing the mushroom dregs into mushroom dreg particles for later use; crushing the agricultural waste into powder, and uniformly mixing the powder with the fly ash to obtain mixed powder for later use;
s2, uniformly mixing the sludge, the mushroom residue particles, the mixed powder and a plurality of biological control bacteria agents to obtain a product P1;
s3, feeding the product P1 into a fermentation room for aerobic fermentation, and turning by using a turner every 7 days to obtain a product P2;
s4, conveying the product P2 into a secondary fermentation room for static anaerobic fermentation to obtain a product P3;
s5, screening the product P3 to obtain oversize products and undersize products, refluxing the oversize products to the step S2 for mixing, compounding the undersize products with perlite, vermiculite, coconut shell shreds and trace elements to obtain a matrix P, and adjusting the pH value and EC value of the matrix P to obtain a finished seedling culture matrix;
in the step S1, the agricultural waste is one or two of straws and sawdust, the particle size of the agricultural waste powder is 0.01-0.1 mm, and the volume ratio of the agricultural waste powder to the fly ash is 10: 1;
in the step S3, the fermentation time is 10-15 days, and the fermentation temperature is 45-70 ℃;
in the step S4, the fermentation time is 15-20 days, and the fermentation temperature is reduced to 45 ℃ to be regarded as the end of the fermentation;
the multiple biological control microbial agents in the step S2 are multiple of plant growth-promoting fungi kb-3NCBI accession No. MF457482, bacillus NCBI accession No. MK601657, pseudomonas korea NCBI accession No. MK599140, and burkholderia NCBI accession No. MK 601672;
the preparation method of the biological control microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: adding a Luria-Bertani culture medium into a 50ml conical flask for enrichment culture for 12h, diluting and coating, and selecting a single colony to culture in opposition to the watermelon wilt bacteria and the rice sheath blight bacteria, wherein the bacterial strain with the inhibition effect on the watermelon wilt bacteria and the rice sheath blight bacteria is the biological control strain.
2. The method for producing the disease-resistant seedling raising substrate based on the sludge as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mushroom residues in the step S1 are mushroom residues produced by one or more edible mushrooms in needle mushroom, pleurotus eryngii, oyster mushroom, agaric and morchella nutrition bags, and the particle size of mushroom residue particles is 0.1-0.5 cm.
3. The method for producing the disease-resistant seedling raising substrate based on the sludge as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, the mixing volume ratio of the sludge, the mushroom residue particles, the mixed powder and the multiple biological control bacteria agents is 60: 12: 27: 1, the water content of the product P1 is 65-75%.
4. The method for producing the disease-resistant seedling raising substrate based on the sludge as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S5, the mixing volume ratio of the undersize, the perlite, the vermiculite and the coconut shell shreds is 0.1-7.0: 0.1 to 1.0: 0.1 to 1.0: 0.1-1.0, adjusting the pH value of the substrate P to 5.5-7.0 by using citric acid and industrial acetic acid, adjusting the EC value of the substrate P to 1.0-1.5Ms/cm by washing or adding inorganic salt, and reducing the water content of the finished seedling substrate to 30-40%.
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| CN110915608A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-27 | 太仓绿丰农业资源开发有限公司 | Novel rice seedling raising matrix resisting rice sheath blight |
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