CN110309940A - A kind of all kinds of project organization plan main resource plan management methods of critical path method - Google Patents
A kind of all kinds of project organization plan main resource plan management methods of critical path method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides one kind: all kinds of project organic managements and target control plan, the method of various main resource planning management, this method comprises the following steps: (1) drawing Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing according to project organic management and the target control time that work in every may start earliest in the works；(2) it identifies project respectively the unit time requirements of organization and administration and target control various main resources of work in every in the works；(3) Gantt chart or vivid progress chart according to project organic management and target control plan, the statistics of resource requirement dynamic table is carried out to various main resources needed for work in every respectively, as various main resource planning management according to (if a certain work does not need certain resource, zero) enabling the requirement of its this resource is.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to critical path method technical fields, are the main compositions of critical path method project organic management Yu target control technology
Specifically a kind of realization: one of part according to project organic management and target control plan, carries out various main resources
The method of planning management.
Background technique
Eighties of last century early fifties, in order to be applicable in the development of production and the scientific research and technological development of relationship complexity
The managerial needs of job engineering, each advanced industrial country has all successively carried out the research of planning management new technology in the world, wherein
Successfully CPM (critical path method) and PERT (programme evaluation and review technique) is studied in the U.S. first, is established due to such methods and is closed in work
It is the formulation of plan, coordination, optimization and control organically to be combined, on the basis of network model so being referred to as in foreign countries
For network planning technique.
The U.S. is applied to the development of establishment Polaris missile in the PERT (programme evaluation and review technique) of invention in 1956 at that time
Plan, has coordinated 3,000 many enterprises, and making plan, two years ahead completes on schedule；It is applied to cost 400 again later
More hundred million dollars, mobilize manpower more than 40 ten thousand Apollo space program management and control, obtain good result.
It is counted according to kremlin, the construction and erection enterprises of application network planning technique, the duration can shorten 20%, engineering
Cost can reduce by 10% or so.
In March, 1978, civil engineering association, U.S. proceedings comment on that this method is current only planning management newly side
Method, and in foreseeable future, it is not in the new method of one kind to substitute it, therefore, we should enjoy it, make
With it, improve it.
Currently, each advanced industrial country, such as the United States, Russia, English, day, method, moral in the world, is all promoting and applying network planning skill
Art.
The famous mathematician Hua Luogeng professor in China, from the national conditions in China, absorbing, external network planning technique is theoretical
On the basis of, " critical path method " scientific system is established, and since eighties of last century early sixties, promote in production practice
Using achieving huge economic benefit.
Since network planning technique is there are following many defects and deficiency, influences and restrict pushing away for network planning technique
Row is promoted, popularization and application:
(1) restriction and planar network of project or taskings management and target control plannet model rule are established
The restriction of model tormulation mode manages most projects or taskings and is unable to complete with target control person, especially compared with
Big or more complex project；
(2) it is unfavorable for the restriction of computer technology application, the application of such technology depends on the support of computer technology, net
Foundation, modification, the calculating of time parameter, the optimal control of constructing aims and optimal control of resource object of network model etc., only
It is difficult to complete by manpower；
(3) restriction of application range, CPM are only applicable to type project or task certainly and are directly decomposed into a series of specific works
Organization and administration and target control；PERT is only applicable to the evaluation of non-type project or task milestone target certainly；And with section
Comprehensive fast development of technology, not only most projects or task have the feature of mixed type, and method for organizing also has
There is the feature of mixed type；
(4) lack necessary function technology, major function technology only has: time-cost trade-off technology；Duration is constant, money
Source demand balance optimizing technology；Resource is limited, duration most short optimisation technique；With non-type project or task milestone target certainly
Evaluation technology；
(5) all there is apparent defect and deficiency in major function technology, such as:
1) it time-cost trade-off technology: needs to carry out time parameter meter by the route that key job forms to each respectively
After calculation, critical circuits can be just judged, need to calculate the rate of each single item key job, just can be carried out the excellent of duration-cost
Change, this be in practical work it is highly difficult, it is even impossible；
2) duration is constant, resources balance optimisation technique: its optimization method does not consider non-key work in part (or motor-driven)
Resource requirement current intelligence in time difference range, hence it is evident that unreasonable；
3) resource is limited, duration shortest optimisation technique: the work started before the period will be optimized and come most important first place,
Do not consider influence size of the optimization of the non-key work started before the optimization period to the duration；
4) Evaluation technology of non-type project or task milestone target certainly, when not considering non-key milestone target interval
Between Lagi-jInfluence etc. to estimate variance.
Network planning technique belongs to critical path method, is one of application technology of critical path method, it may be said that network planning technique is system
Method is raised, not vice versa.
Each intermediate item or taskings management with target control plan, resource comprehensive optimization method, be critical path method project or
One of the target control of taskings management and target control technology, embodiment is that Hua Luogeng professor is pointed: application is planned as a whole
Method, wants the time to key job, wants benefit to non-key work.
Traditional network planning technique does not have project organic management and target control plan, resource comprehensive optimization method.
Project or taskings' management and target control plan, without the duration is constant, resources balance optimization or duration not
Become, the optimization that resource requirement is minimum or relatively minimal, can not judge project or taskings' management and target control plan,
In the condition that the duration is constant, if can satisfy the limited requirement of resource；Project or taskings' management and target control meter
It draws, after resource optimization of limiting the quantity, the requirement of limitation resource can only be met, but be not able to satisfy the requirement of resource requirement equilibrium.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is according to project or taskings' management and target control plan and its Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing
And resource requirement dynamic table, it as the case may be and requires, using different resource comprehensive optimization method, realizes project or task
Organization and administration and target control plan, the resource requirement for meeting resource limitation are balanced.
For the present invention by project or task by organization and administration and target control requirement, the work decomposed is divided into type work certainly
Type work two types are affirmed with non-:
(1) type work certainly: time t required for work is completediIt is affirmative；
(2) non-type work certainly: the time needed for completing work is non-affirmative, need to be completed using three point estimations
The estimation of working time:
at、mt、bt, Dt=(at+4mt+bt) ÷ 6, σt 2=[(bt-at)÷6]2
atThe optimistic completion working time；
mtThe possible completion working time；
btThe pessimistic completion working time；
DtThe weighted average of working time is completed in estimation；
σt 2Complete the estimated bias of working time.
The present invention presses the type of project institute disintegration, and project is divided into type, non-type and three type of mixed type certainly certainly
Type:
(1) affirmative type project: by organization and administration and target control requirement, the work decomposed all is the work of type certainly；
(2) non-type project certainly: by organization and administration and target control requirement, the work decomposed all is the work of non-type certainly
Make；
(3) mixed type project: by organization and administration and target control requirement, the work of the existing type certainly of the work decomposed,
There is the work of non-type certainly again.
Organizational form and organizer of the project of the present invention by organization and administration and target control requirement, between institute's disintegration
Method has following seven kinds:
Project is by organization and administration and target control requirement, the organizational form and method for organizing between work decomposed, with i
Work is with for j work, and i work is the preceding activity that j works or j work is next work of i work, i work and j work
Between organizational form and method for organizing:
(1) FYS (LT): i work terminates LT days, and j work starts；
(2)STS(LTi): i work starts LTiIt, j work starts；
(3)FTF(LTj): i work terminates LTjIt, j work terminates；
(4)STF(LTi, LTj): i work starts LTiIt, use LT againjIt, j work terminates, i.e. j work will work in i and open
Beginning LTiAfter it, LT is usedjIt terminates；
(5) STS and FTF (LTi, LTj): i work starts LTiIt, j work start, i work terminate LTjIt, j work knot
Beam；
(6) STS and STF (LTi’LTi’, LTj): i work start LTi days, j work start, i work beginning LTi‘It, use again
LTjIt, j work terminates, i.e. j work will work in i starts LTi’After it, LT is usedjIt terminates；
(7) FTS and STF (LT, LTi, LTj): i work terminate LT days, j work start, i work beginning LTiIt, use LT againj
It, j work terminates, i.e. j work will work in i starts LTiAfter it, LT is usedjIt terminates.
Organization and administration between work are divided into type certainly and non-type two types certainly with target control mode by the present invention:
(1) type organizes and target control mode certainly: away from the organization and administration for being all affirmative when bonding relation and overlap joint
With target control mode；
(2) the non-organization and administration of type certainly are with target control mode: bonding relation is affirmative；But away from being non-affirmative when overlapping
, need to using three point estimations be overlapped when away from estimation:
1)LTa、LTm、LTb, DLT=(LTa+4LTm+LTb) ÷ 6, σLT 2=[(LTb-LTa)÷6]2
2)LTia、LTim、LTib, DiLT=(LTia+4LTim+LTib) ÷ 6, σiLT 2=[(LTib-LTia)÷6]2
3)LTja、LTjm、LTjb, DjLT=(LTja+4LTjm+LTjb) ÷ 6, σjLT 2=[(LTjb-LTja)÷6]2
4)LTI ' a、LTI ' m、LTI ' b, DI ' LT=(LTI ' a+4LTI ' m+LTI ' b) ÷ 6, σI ' LT 2=[(LTI ' b-LTI ' a)÷6]2
The present invention presses the difference of project organic management and target control mode, by project organic management and target control mode
It is divided into type, non-type and mixed type three types certainly certainly with method:
(1) affirmative type project organic management and target control mode: organization and administration and mesh between project institute disintegration
Control mode is marked, is all the organization and administration and target control mode of type certainly；
(2) non-type project organic management and target control mode certainly: organization and administration between project institute disintegration and
Target control mode is all the organization and administration and target control mode of non-type certainly；
(3) mixed type project organic management and target control mode: organization and administration and mesh between project institute disintegration
Control mode is marked, existing type certainly, also there are the organization and administration and target control mode of non-type certainly.
Project organic management of the present invention is divided into three classes with target control plan:
(1) type project organic management and target control plan certainly: type project certainly, using type organization and administration and mesh certainly
Mark project organic management and the target control plan of control mode；
(2) non-type project organic management and target control plan certainly, include the following three types:
1) affirmative type project, project organic management and target control using the non-organization and administration of type certainly with target control mode
System plan；
2) non-type project certainly, project organic management and target control using type organization and administration certainly with target control mode
System plan；
3) non-type project certainly, using the project organic management and target of non-type certainly organization and administration and target control mode
Control plan；
(3) mix mode project organic management and target control plan, including following five kinds:
1) mix mode project, project organic management and target control using type organization and administration certainly with target control mode
Plan；
2) mixed type project, project organic management and target control using the non-organization and administration of type certainly with target control mode
System plan；
3) mixed type project, project organic management and target control using mixed type organization and administration with target control mode
Plan；
4) non-type project certainly, project organic management and target control using mixed type organization and administration with target control mode
System plan；
5) affirmative type project, project organic management and target control using mixed type organization and administration with target control mode
Plan.
Project organic management and target control plan, such as following table of the present invention by organization and administration with target control requirement formulation
It is shown:
Wherein:
A. type work is affirmed:
at=mt=bt=Dt=t；σt 2=0；
B. affirm type overlap joint when away from:
a.LTa=LTm=LTb=DLT=LT, σLT 2=0；
b.LTia=LTim=LTib=DiLT=LTi, σiLT 2=0；
c.LTja=LTjm=LTjb=DjLT=LTj, σjLT 2=0；
d.LTI ' a=LTI ' m=LTI ' b=DI ' LT=LTI ', σI ' LT 2=0.
According to the above project organic management and target control plan, by the organization and administration of following steps finished item and target
The formulation of control plan:
(1) conversion of organizational logical relationship between being worked, such as by project organic management and target control plan
What person determined: the preceding activity of B work is A work, is converted into next work of A work as B work；Or next work of A work
It works as B, is converted into the preceding activity of B work as A work；
(2) arrangement of organizational logical relationship is carried out
(3) inspection and supplement of job engineering logical relation defect: work in every in groundwork list, in addition to ST,
Preceding activity, including FIN are must determine；In addition to FIN, it must be determined that have next work, including ST；It is not any work
The work of preceding activity is the preceding activity of FIN；It is not the work of next work of any work, is next work of ST；
Determine preceding activity or (and) work that does not determine next work, as there is the work of tissue defects, should be by tissue
Logical relation, supplement its preceding activity or (and) next work；
(4) in groundwork list job engineering sequence sequence: by ST successively are as follows: using ST as preceding activity
Work；Using ordering work as the work of preceding activity；……；Until FIN；By FIN successively are as follows: with FIN be it is next
The work of work；It take ordering work as the work of next work；……；Until ST；
(5) inspection and modification of job engineering logical relation defect and mistake: suitable by tight preceding tissue sequence and next tissue
In sequence sequencer procedure, fails the work for completing sequence, as there is the work of organizational logical relationship defect or mistake, it should be by group
Logical relation is knitted to be supplemented or modified.
Project organic management of the present invention and the time parameter calculation method of target control plan are as follows:
(1) time that work may start earliest
(2) time that work may terminate earliest
(3) interval time between work
(4) motor-driven (part) time difference to work: FFi=min (Lagi-j)；
(5) total time difference to work: TFi=min (TFj+Lagi-j)；
(6) it works the time that must start at the latest: LSi=ESi+TFi；
(7) it works the time that must terminate at the latest: LFi=EFi+TFi。
Project organic management of the present invention and the estimate variance calculation method of target control plan are as follows:
The present invention is complete by every groundwork after the completion of project organic management and target control planned time parameter calculate
Influence at time Estimate deviation to next work implementation process carries out deviations2Adjustment after, carry out the meter of its estimate variance
It calculates.
For the work (i.e. discontinuous work) of discontinuous completion, the adjustment for completing working time estimated bias is carried out；
The method of adjustment of every groundwork estimation work deadline deviation:
Note
(1)*σi 2- it is σ adjustedi 2；
(2)σi 2The variance of-estimated time to completion the deviation for being groundwork i: σi 2=[(bit-ait)÷6]2, in which:
1)bitPessimism (longest) value of-estimated time to completion for being groundwork i；
2)aitOptimism (most short) value of-estimated time to completion for being groundwork i；
(3)DitThe weighted average of-the estimated time to completion for being groundwork i: Dit=(ait+4mit+bit) ÷ 6, in which:
1)mitMost probable (time) value of-estimated time to completion for being groundwork i；
(4)DitThe limit value of the estimated time to completion of '-be groundwork i.
By Parameters of Normal DistributionWork as λiWhen >=3.5, P (Dit') ≈ 100%, so
Project organic management and target control in the works, the estimated bias of groundwork deadline, to next work
Influence, away from (EF when considering actually to overlapi-ESj) influence, i.e., by when practical overlap joint away from adjustment to the shadow of next work
It rings；
Temporal duration estimate variance is overlapped between groundwork, to next work influence value υ2 j(LT)Calculation method, by following table institute
Show:
Project organic management in the works, work item " work " organization arrangement (when overlap joint away from) estimate variance (υ2 rLT) take following calculating
As a result maximum value
It works in organization and administration and the estimate variance of target control in the works, the influence to next work will consider work
Between interval time (ESj-EFi) influence factor, be as follows:
Every groundwork adds up estimated time to completion deviation variance υ2 j(t)Calculation method:
Note:
(1)EFi'-for groundwork i is because estimation work deadline estimated bias influences, the time that can be completed at the latest, by
Parameters of Normal Distribution λi=λiWhen >=3.5, P(iEF’)≈ 100%, so
(2) project organic management and target control in the works, the variance of every groundwork estimated time to completion deviation is by two
Part forms: i.e. υ2 j(t)It (does not include * σj 2) and * σj 2；υ2 i(t)It also include two parts, i.e. υ2 i(t)With * σi 2For j's " work "
It influences；υ2 j(t)It (does not include * σj 2The estimate variance of)-be j attack time；υ2 i(t)It (does not include * σi 2)-start for i work
The estimate variance of time.
Project organic management of the present invention and target control plan, the calculating of time parameter and estimate variance:
(1) to the project organic management and target control plan, i.e. table one and table two of organizational logical relationship expression before tight,
Calculate ESi、EFiAnd υi 2；
(2) to the project organic management of next organizational logical relationship expression and target control plan, i.e. table one and table three,
Calculate Lagi-jAfterwards, FF is determinedi, then calculate TFi、LSiAnd LFi；
The present invention provides a kind of according to all kinds of project organic managements and target control plan, carries out various main resource plans
The method of management, this method comprises the following steps: (1) according to project organic management and target control, work in every is most in the works
The time that may early start draws Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing；(2) by project organic management and target control plan,
The statistics for carrying out resource requirement dynamic table to various main resources needed for work in every respectively, as various main resource meters
Draw management foundation (if a certain work does not need certain resource, zero) enabling the requirement of its this resource is.
Each intermediate item or taskings' management and target control plan, the method for various main resource planning management are as follows
Shown in table:
Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing and resource planning control chart
According to all kinds of project organic managements and target control plan, main resource planning management is carried out, following steps are passed through
It realizes:
(1) its gunter is drawn by project organic management and the target control time that work in every may start earliest in the works
Figure or vivid progress gunter drawing:
It 1) is carried out with a kind of project organic management and target control work in every unit time main resource requirement in the works
The optimal control of project organic management and the constructing aims and resource object of target control plan；To meet constructing aims and money
The project organic management of source target call and the target control time that work in every may start earliest in the works draw its gunter
Figure or vivid progress gunter drawing；
2) Gantt chart or vivid progress of the Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing and non-key work that can be divided into key job are horizontal
Road figure；
(2) organization and administration of determining respectively or valuation items and target control work in every unit time main resource in the works
Requirement, be respectively filled in " resource needs " column of project organic management Yu target control plan；
1) its main resource refers to that the constructing aims for carrying out project organic management and target control plan and resource object optimization are controlled
Main resource other than main resource used by making；
2) type of main resource, such as manpower, fund, capital equipment, main material；
(3) it according to project organic management and target control plan and its Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing, carries out respectively
The statistics of various main resource requirement dynamic tables needs dynamic table with various main resources, as main resource planning management
Foundation.
It 1) include used by carrying out constructing aims and the resource object optimal control of project organic management and target control plan
Main resource.
2) for not needing the work of certain resource, resource requirement is set as zero；
3) project organic management and target control plan can be provided respectively and each stage closes by the requirement of main resource planning management
Key work needs dynamic table with the various main resources of non-key work；
4) project organic management and target control plan are provided respectively and each stage, various main resources need dynamic resource to need
Want the resource requirement and average resource requirement of minimum, most periods；
5) project organic management and target control plan are provided respectively and each stage, various main resources need dynamic resource to need
Want total amount.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of all kinds of project organization plan main resource plan management methods of critical path method, it is characterised in that: realize it is a kind of according to
According to all kinds of project organic managements and target control plan, the complete scheme of main resource planning management is carried out, following steps are passed through
It realizes:
Step (1) draws its gunter by project organic management and the target control time that work in every may start earliest in the works
Figure or vivid progress gunter drawing；
Step (2) is determining respectively or valuation items organization and administration and target control work in every unit time main resource in the works
Requirement, be respectively filled in " resource needs " column of project organic management Yu target control plan；
Step (3) carries out respectively according to project organic management and target control plan and its Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing
The statistics of various main resource requirement dynamic tables needs dynamic table with various main resources, as main resource planning management
Foundation.
2. all kinds of project organization plan main resource plan management methods of a kind of critical path method according to claim 1, feature
Be: step (1) is described, draws its Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing；It is with a kind of project organic management and target control
Work in every unit time main resource requirement in the works carries out the constructing aims of project organic management and target control plan
With the optimal control of resource object；To meet project organic management and the target control plan of constructing aims and resource object requirement
The time that middle work in every may start earliest draws its Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing.
3. all kinds of project organization plan main resource plan management methods of a kind of critical path method according to claim 1, feature
Be: step (1) is described, draws its Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing；Can be divided into key job Gantt chart or image into
Spend the Gantt chart or vivid progress gunter drawing of gunter drawing and non-key work.
4. all kinds of project organization plan main resource plan management methods of a kind of critical path method according to claim 1, feature
Be: step (2) is described, respectively the organization and administration of determining or valuation items and target control work in every unit time master in the works
The requirement of resource is wanted, main resource refers to the constructing aims and resource for carrying out project organic management and target control plan
Main resource other than main resource used by objective optimization controls.
5. all kinds of project organization plan main resource plan management methods of a kind of critical path method according to claim 1, feature
Be: step (2) is described, respectively the organization and administration of determining or valuation items and target control work in every unit time master in the works
Want the requirement of resource；The type of main resource, such as manpower, fund, capital equipment, main material.
6. all kinds of project organization plan main resource plan management methods of a kind of critical path method according to claim 1, feature
Be: step (3) is described, carries out the statistics of various main resource requirement dynamic tables respectively, is needed with various main resources dynamic
State table, as the foundation of main resource planning management, the constructing aims including carrying out project organic management and target control plan
With main resource used by resource object optimal control.
7. all kinds of project organization plan main resource plan management methods of a kind of critical path method according to claim 1, feature
Be: step (3) is described, carries out the statistics of various main resource requirement dynamic tables respectively, is needed with various main resources dynamic
State table, the foundation as main resource planning management；For not needing the work of certain resource, resource requirement is set as zero.
8. all kinds of project organization plan main resource plan management methods of a kind of critical path method according to claim 1, feature
Be: step (3) is described, carries out the statistics of various main resource requirement dynamic tables respectively, is needed with various main resources dynamic
State table, the foundation as main resource planning management；Project organization pipe can be provided respectively by the requirement of main resource planning management
Reason needs dynamic table with target control plan and each stage key job and the various main resources of non-key work.
9. all kinds of project organization plan main resource plan management methods of a kind of critical path method according to claim 1, feature
Be: step (3) is described, carries out the statistics of various main resource requirement dynamic tables respectively, is needed with various main resources dynamic
State table, the foundation as main resource planning management；Project organic management and target control plan and each stage, each are provided respectively
Plant resource requirement and average resource requirement that main resource needs dynamic resource to need minimum, most periods.
10. all kinds of project organization plan main resource plan management methods of a kind of critical path method according to claim 1, feature
Be: step (3) is described, carries out the statistics of various main resource requirement dynamic tables respectively, is needed with various main resources dynamic
State table, the foundation as main resource planning management；Project organic management and target control plan and each stage, each are provided respectively
Kind main resource needs dynamic resource to need total amount.
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| US20120253869A1 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-10-04 | Rebecca Ansley | System and Method for Process Improvement and Associated Products and Services |
| CN107067220A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-08-18 | 杨玉海 | The full-automatic lateral road figure technical method of project management progress |
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| US20120253869A1 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-10-04 | Rebecca Ansley | System and Method for Process Improvement and Associated Products and Services |
| CN107067220A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-08-18 | 杨玉海 | The full-automatic lateral road figure technical method of project management progress |
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| 吴开平: "替代、且显著领先于具有国际先进水平的网络计划技术的统筹法-JQ、JH、（JQ-JH）搭接项目组织管理与目标控制技术" * |
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