CN110286410B - Fracture inversion method and device based on diffracted wave energy - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a crack inversion method and a crack inversion device based on diffracted wave energy, which relate to the technical field of crack prediction and comprise the steps of separating diffracted wave energy from seismic data, wherein the diffracted wave energy comprises pre-stack diffracted wave energy and post-stack diffracted wave energy; determining an initial model of the crack attribute according to the energy of the post-stack diffracted wave; taking the prestack diffraction wave energy and an initial model as input data, inverting through the following steps until the value of an inverted target function is in accordance with expectation, and taking the initial model as an inverted fracture attribute: inputting input data into an inversion target function to obtain a value of the inversion target function; and if the value of the inversion target function is not in accordance with the expectation, adjusting the initial model data, taking the prestack diffracted wave energy and the adjusted initial model as new input data, and performing inversion through the diffracted wave energy of the crack to obtain the crack attribute parameters so as to achieve the purpose of predicting the oil-gas containing condition of the crack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crack prediction, in particular to a crack inversion method and device based on diffracted wave energy.
Background
Fractured reservoirs are an important target for oil and gas exploration, and the nature of fractures is an important factor in exploration planning and control of drilling.
At present, diffracted waves are an effective means for depicting cracks, but compared with reflected waves, the energy of the diffracted waves is very weak, so that the prediction result of the conventional seismic method for the crack properties is poor, the characteristics of fluid contained in the cracks cannot be distinguished through the crack properties, and the method is inconvenient for oil and gas exploration and production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fracture inversion method and a fracture inversion device based on diffracted wave energy, which are used for inverting by the diffracted wave energy of a fracture to obtain fracture attribute parameters so as to achieve the purpose of predicting the oil-gas containing condition of the fracture.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fracture inversion method based on diffracted wave energy, including:
diffracted wave energy is obtained by separating seismic data, and comprises pre-stack diffracted wave energy and post-stack diffracted wave energy;
determining an initial model of the crack attribute according to the post-stack diffracted wave energy;
taking the initial model and the prestack diffracted wave energy as input data, inverting through the following steps until the value of an inversion target function is in accordance with expectation, and taking the initial model as an inverted fracture attribute:
inputting the input data into an inversion target function to obtain a value of the inversion target function;
and if the value of the inversion target function is not in accordance with the expectation, adjusting the initial model, and taking the prestack diffracted wave energy and the adjusted initial model as new input data.
In an alternative embodiment, determining an initial model of fracture properties from the post-stack diffracted wave energy comprises:
constructing an equivalent crack porosity model according to the post-stack diffracted wave energy;
and calculating an initial model for representing the fracture attributes according to the equivalent fracture porosity model.
In an alternative embodiment, constructing an equivalent fracture porosity model from the post-stack diffracted wave energy comprises:
acquiring dip angle information and azimuth angle information of the crack according to the imaging logging information;
generating crack strength information according to the inclination angle information and the azimuth angle information;
and extracting crack development information according to the post-stack diffracted wave energy, and respectively constructing an equivalent crack porosity model according to deterministic modeling and random modeling modes based on the crack development information and the crack intensity information.
In an alternative embodiment, the inversion objective function is determined from angle gather data and forward data, wherein the angle gather data is extracted from the prestack diffracted wave energy, and the forward data is obtained from the formation elastic parameters and the initial model.
In an alternative embodiment, extracting the angle gather data from the prestack diffracted wave energy comprises:
superposing the common-center-point gathers of the adjacent preset number in the prestack diffracted wave energy to form super gather data;
and extracting angle gather data from the super gather data according to a preset angle.
In an optional embodiment, the formation elastic parameters further include a propagation velocity of seismic waves in the formation and a density of a formation medium, and the forward modeling data is obtained according to the formation elastic parameters and the initial model, and includes:
calculating a reflection coefficient through the initial model, the propagation velocity and the formation medium density;
and performing convolution calculation according to the reflection coefficient and the seismic wavelets to obtain forward data.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises:
and predicting the oil-gas containing condition of the crack according to the inverted crack attribute.
In an alternative embodiment, the inversion objective function further includes a similarity constraint term, and the similarity constraint term is used for calculating an average value of inverted fracture properties of adjacent seismic traces.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises:
the inverted objective function is represented according to:
wherein S isobsIs angle gather data, S is forward data, A and B represent similarity coefficient matrix, m represents initial model, lambda2And gamma2And representing a regularization parameter, wherein i is the number of sampling points, and j is the number of seismic channels.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fracture inversion apparatus based on diffracted wave energy, including:
the separation module is used for separating diffracted wave energy from the seismic data, and the diffracted wave energy comprises prestack diffracted wave energy and poststack diffracted wave energy;
the determining module is used for determining an initial model of the crack attribute according to the post-stack diffracted wave energy;
the inversion module is used for taking the initial model and the prestack diffracted wave energy as input data, performing inversion through the following steps until the value of an inversion target function is in accordance with expectation, and taking the initial model as the inverted fracture attribute:
inputting the input data into an inversion target function to obtain a value of the inversion target function;
and if the value of the inversion target function is not in accordance with the expectation, adjusting the initial model, and taking the prestack diffracted wave energy and the adjusted initial model as new input data.
The embodiment of the invention provides a fracture inversion method and a fracture inversion device based on diffracted wave energy, wherein an initial model of fracture attributes is determined based on the energy of the diffracted waves after superposition obtained after seismic data separation, the initial model and the energy of the diffracted waves before superposition are used as input according to an inversion target function, the initial model is adjusted and iteratively updated until the inversion target function is in accordance with an expected value, the initial model representing the inverted fracture attributes is obtained, and the purpose of predicting the oil-gas-containing condition of a fracture is further achieved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for fracture inversion based on diffracted wave energy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fracture attribute inversion result according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a fracture inversion apparatus based on diffracted wave energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As early as the 70's of the 20 th century, crack prediction has begun to be performed using seismic methods, such as transverse wave splitting theory (Crampin, 1978; Alford,1986), post-stack properties such as curvature and ant, pre-stack Amplitude variation with offset (AVO), AVAZ, VVAZ, and other inversion methods, which have achieved qualitative description of cracks to some extent.
The AVO theory describes a fractured reservoir, and AVO inversion is carried out by adopting angle gather data of seismic reflection waves, so that elastic parameters and fracture attribute parameters of the reservoir are obtained. An approximate AVO formula is derived based on the results of seismic reflections being reflected from both the formation impedance interface and the fracture. However, the reflection energy caused by the fracture is far less than that caused by the impedance interface, inversion is carried out through conventional seismic data, parameters such as the formation speed and density and fracture attributes are inverted, at the moment, the response of the fracture is often submerged, and then the fracture attributes cannot be accurately predicted, so that when errors occur in the elastic parameter calculation of a reservoir, the predicted fracture parameters are greatly changed even if the errors are very small, noise interference also exists, and the stability of the prediction result of the fracture attributes is poor.
In summary, since the response of the seismic reflection to the fracture is weak, there are few methods that can accurately realize the fracture attribute prediction. The characteristics of the fluid contained in the fracture are distinguished through the fracture attributes, and the method has great practical significance for oil and gas exploration and production, so that the problem of accurate prediction of the fracture attributes needs to be solved urgently.
Based on the method and the device for crack inversion based on diffracted wave energy, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the crack attribute parameters can be obtained by inverting the diffracted wave energy of the crack, so that the purpose of predicting the oil-gas containing condition of the crack is realized.
For the convenience of understanding the embodiment, a detailed description will be given to a fracture inversion method based on diffracted wave energy disclosed by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a fracture inversion method based on diffracted wave energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention inverts fracture properties based on diffracted wave energy, comprising the following steps:
step S102, diffracted wave energy is obtained by separating seismic data, and the diffracted wave energy comprises pre-stack diffracted wave energy and post-stack diffracted wave energy.
It should be noted that when conventional seismic data is inverted, parameters such as formation velocity and density are also inverted while fracture properties are inverted, and since diffraction energy is very weak compared with reflection energy, the response of a fracture is often submerged in various inversion parameters, and thus fracture properties cannot be accurately predicted.
Here, the prestack seismic data includes formation reflected wave energy and fracture diffracted wave energy generated at impedance interfaces of the formation (interfaces where parameters such as formation velocity or density vary). Separating stratum reflection wave energy and crack diffraction wave energy in the prestack seismic data to obtain prestack diffraction wave energy. In the separation process, amplitude-preserving separation of a diffraction wave field is realized by adopting methods such as plane wave decomposition, FK filtering and the like, effective diffraction information of broken spokes and the like is preserved, and the post-stack seismic data is separated in the same way to obtain post-stack diffraction wave energy.
And step S104, determining an initial model of the crack attribute according to the energy of the post-stack diffracted wave.
The initial model proposed in the embodiment of the present invention is a set of numerical matrices representing fracture attributes, and belongs to the common terminology known to those skilled in the art, and is not described herein again. Fracture properties include normal compliance SNAnd tangential compliance ST。
Step S106, taking the initial model and the prestack diffracted wave energy as input data, inverting through the following steps until the value of an inversion target function is in accordance with expectation, and taking the initial model as the inverted crack attribute:
inputting input data into an inversion target function to obtain a value of the inversion target function;
and if the value of the inversion target function is not in accordance with the expectation, adjusting the initial model, and taking the prestack diffracted wave energy and the adjusted initial model as new input data.
In a preferred embodiment of practical application, an initial model of fracture attributes is determined based on the energy of the post-stack diffracted waves obtained after seismic data separation, the initial model and the energy of the pre-stack diffracted waves are used as input according to an inversion target function, the initial model is adjusted and iteratively updated until the inversion target function is in accordance with an expected value, the initial model representing the inverted fracture attributes is obtained, and the purpose of predicting the oil-gas-containing condition of the fracture is further achieved.
In an optional embodiment, the step S104 further includes the following steps:
1. and constructing an equivalent crack porosity model according to the energy of the post-stack diffracted waves.
Specifically, acquiring dip angle information and azimuth angle information of the crack according to imaging logging information; generating crack strength information according to the inclination angle information and the azimuth angle information; and extracting fracture development information according to the energy of the post-stack diffracted waves, and respectively constructing an equivalent fracture porosity model according to deterministic modeling and random modeling modes based on the fracture development information and the fracture strength information.
The embodiment of the invention adopts a random modeling method, obtains the dip angle and azimuth angle information of the fracture through imaging logging information, generates a fracture strength curve, adopts the random modeling method, extracts fracture development information through the energy of the post-stack diffracted waves, and restricts the fracture strength and the fracture development information through an earthquake multi-attribute fusion body to complete the equivalent fracture porosity model.
2. And calculating an initial model for representing the fracture attributes according to the equivalent fracture porosity model.
And on the basis of the equivalent fracture porosity model, obtaining an initial model for quantitatively characterizing the fracture properties through calculation. The characteristic crack normal flexibility S is calculated by the following formulaNAnd tangential compliance STThe initial model of (1).
SN＝0.0013*ln(φf)+0.0223
ST＝0.0107*ln(φf)+0.1783
Wherein S isNFor normal compliance, STIs tangential flexibility, and has the unit of m/Gpa, phifIndicating porosity.
As an alternative embodiment, the inversion objective function is determined based on the angle gather data and the forward modeling data, wherein the angle gather data is extracted from the prestack diffracted wave energy, and the forward modeling data is obtained based on the formation elastic parameters and the initial model.
Further, in order to suppress interference of random noise and further improve the signal-to-noise ratio, in the embodiment of the present invention, angle gather data is extracted from prestack diffracted wave energy, and then an inversion objective function is constructed through the angle gather data, including:
overlapping the common central point gathers of the adjacent preset number in the prestack diffracted wave energy to form super gather data; and extracting angle gather data from the super gather data according to a preset angle.
And then extracting angle gather data meeting the preset angle requirement from the super gather.
Further, the formation elastic parameters include fracture properties, seismic wave propagation speed in the formation and formation medium density, and forward data are obtained according to the formation elastic parameters and the initial model, and the forward data include:
1. and calculating the reflection coefficient through the initial model, the propagation velocity and the density of the stratum medium.
It should be noted that reflection is caused by an impedance interface of the formation (interface of variation of parameters such as formation velocity or density), and the embodiment of the present invention is based on diffraction wave data only, and is equivalent to no formation reflection, i.e. no impedance interface, and the background medium is impedance-free, i.e. the velocity variation of longitudinal and transverse waves is 0. The reflection coefficient in the calculation of forward data can be obtained by the following formula:
Rp(θ)＝iωSTT(θ)+iωSNN(θ)
μ＝ρVS 2
where θ is the angle of incidence, ω is the angular frequency, P is the ray parameter, STIs tangential compliance, SNNormal compliance, VPIs the propagation velocity of longitudinal wave in the seismic wave formation, VSIs the propagation velocity of transverse wave in seismic wave stratum, and rho is density。
It is understood that μ, qpT (θ), N (θ) may be referred to as intermediate coefficients, and may be expressed by the parameters having the above-mentioned explicit meanings.
2. And performing convolution calculation according to the reflection coefficient and the seismic wavelets to obtain forward data.
Here, the inverse objective function Q may be used to characterize the error between the angle gather data and the forward data, as represented by:
wherein S isobsIs the angle gather data and S is the forward data.
In order to improve the inversion accuracy of the fracture attribute, the embodiment of the invention simultaneously inverts a plurality of seismic channels, and the inversion target function further comprises a similarity constraint item, namely a coefficient matrix is constructed, wherein the similarity constraint item is used for calculating the average value of inversion results (inverted fracture attribute) of adjacent seismic channels.
The inverse objective function Q and coefficient matrix are as follows:
wherein S isobsIs angle gather data, S is forward data, A and B represent similarity coefficient matrix, m represents initial model, lambda2And gamma2And representing a regularization parameter, wherein i is the number of sampling points, and j is the number of seismic channels.
The embodiment of the invention adopts a damped least square method for inversion, and the normal compliance SNAnd tangential compliance STHave large difference in valueAnd about two orders of magnitude, and in order to balance the influence degrees of the two in inversion, a logarithm calculation method is adopted, and the initial model is adjusted and iteratively updated according to a preset step length.
As a possible application scenario, the embodiment of the present invention further includes: predicting the fracture condition according to the inverted fracture attribute, and obtaining the normal flexibility S of the fracture attribute through the method of the embodiment of the inventionNThe inversion result is shown in fig. 2, the position of each fracture and the quantity level of the fracture attribute can be predicted in the three-dimensional grid, the fracture attribute value obtained after inversion is applied to the actual current stratum scene model, and the current stratum fracture characteristic, namely where in the stratum oil storage, water storage and gas storage, can be predicted.
According to the fracture attribute prediction method based on diffracted wave energy, stratum reflection energy and fracture diffraction energy in seismic data are separated to obtain pre-stack diffracted wave energy and post-stack diffracted wave energy, AVO inversion is carried out by utilizing the diffracted wave energy of fractures, and attribute parameters representing fracture properties are obtained.
The initial model of the input data comprises a numerical matrix set of normal compliance and tangential compliance, is rough data representing trend change, is subjected to inversion iteration updating, outputs the numerical matrix set of the normal compliance and the tangential compliance for representing the inverted fracture attribute, and has accurate data with detailed description.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a fracture inversion apparatus based on diffracted wave energy, as shown in fig. 3, including:
the separation module is used for separating diffracted wave energy from the seismic data, wherein the diffracted wave energy comprises pre-stack diffracted wave energy and post-stack diffracted wave energy;
the determining module is used for determining an initial model of the fracture attribute according to the energy of the post-stack diffracted waves;
the inversion module is used for taking the initial model and the prestack diffracted wave energy as input data, performing inversion through the following steps until the value of an inversion target function is in accordance with expectation, and taking the initial model as the crack attribute after inversion:
inputting input data into an inversion target function to obtain a value of the inversion target function;
and if the value of the inversion target function is not in accordance with the expectation, adjusting the initial model, and taking the prestack diffracted wave energy and the adjusted initial model as new input data.
The fracture inversion device based on diffracted wave energy provided by the embodiment of the invention has the same technical characteristics as the fracture inversion method based on diffracted wave energy provided by the embodiment, so that the same technical problems can be solved, and the same technical effect can be achieved.
The computer program product of the method and the apparatus for fracture inversion based on diffracted wave energy provided by the embodiments of the present invention includes a computer-readable storage medium storing program codes, where instructions included in the program codes may be used to execute the method described in the foregoing method embodiments, and specific implementation may refer to the method embodiments, and will not be described herein again.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the system and the apparatus described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for crack inversion based on diffracted wave energy provided in the foregoing embodiment are implemented.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the fracture inversion method based on diffracted wave energy of the above embodiment are executed.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A fracture inversion method based on diffracted wave energy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
diffracted wave energy is obtained by separating seismic data, and comprises pre-stack diffracted wave energy and post-stack diffracted wave energy;
determining an initial model of the crack attribute according to the post-stack diffracted wave energy;
taking the initial model and the prestack diffracted wave energy as input data, inverting through the following steps until the value of an inversion target function is in accordance with expectation, and taking the initial model as an inverted fracture attribute:
inputting the input data into an inversion target function to obtain a value of the inversion target function;
if the value of the inversion target function is not in accordance with the expectation, adjusting the initial model, and taking the pre-stack diffracted wave energy and the adjusted initial model as new input data;
determining an initial model of fracture properties from the post-stack diffracted wave energy, comprising:
constructing an equivalent crack porosity model according to the post-stack diffracted wave energy;
calculating an initial model for representing fracture attributes according to the equivalent fracture porosity model;
the inversion target function is determined according to angle gather data and forward modeling data, wherein the angle gather data are extracted from the prestack diffracted wave energy, and the forward modeling data are obtained according to stratum elastic parameters and the initial model;
the method further comprises the following steps:
and predicting the oil-gas containing condition of the crack according to the inverted crack attribute.
2. The diffracted wave energy-based fracture inversion method of claim 1, wherein constructing an equivalent fracture porosity model from the post-stack diffracted wave energy comprises:
acquiring dip angle information and azimuth angle information of the crack according to the imaging logging information;
generating crack strength information according to the inclination angle information and the azimuth angle information;
and extracting crack development information according to the post-stack diffracted wave energy, and respectively constructing an equivalent crack porosity model according to deterministic modeling and random modeling modes based on the crack development information and the crack intensity information.
3. The diffracted wave energy-based fracture inversion method of claim 1, wherein extracting the angle gather data from the prestack diffracted wave energy comprises:
superposing the common-center-point gathers of the adjacent preset number in the prestack diffracted wave energy to form super gather data;
and extracting angle gather data from the super gather data according to a preset angle.
4. The method for fracture inversion based on diffracted wave energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formation elastic parameters further include propagation velocity of seismic waves in the formation and density of formation medium, and the forward data is obtained according to the formation elastic parameters and the initial model, and comprises:
calculating a reflection coefficient through the initial model, the propagation velocity and the formation medium density;
and performing convolution calculation according to the reflection coefficient and the seismic wavelets to obtain forward data.
5. The fracture inversion method based on diffracted wave energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inversion objective function further comprises a similarity constraint term, and the similarity constraint term is used for calculating an average value of inverted fracture properties of adjacent seismic traces.
6. The method for fracture inversion based on diffracted wave energy of claim 5, further comprising:
the inverted objective function is represented according to:
wherein S isobsIs angle gather data, S is forward data, A and B represent similarity coefficient matrix, m represents initial model, lambda2And gamma2And representing a regularization parameter, wherein i is the number of sampling points, and j is the number of seismic channels.
7. A fracture inversion apparatus based on diffracted wave energy, comprising:
the separation module is used for separating diffracted wave energy from the seismic data, and the diffracted wave energy comprises prestack diffracted wave energy and poststack diffracted wave energy;
the determining module is used for determining an initial model of the crack attribute according to the post-stack diffracted wave energy;
the inversion module is used for taking the initial model and the prestack diffracted wave energy as input data, performing inversion through the following steps until the value of an inversion target function is in accordance with expectation, and taking the initial model as the inverted fracture attribute:
inputting the input data into an inversion target function to obtain a value of the inversion target function;
if the value of the inversion target function is not in accordance with the expectation, adjusting the initial model, and taking the pre-stack diffracted wave energy and the adjusted initial model as new input data;
the determining module is further used for constructing an equivalent fracture porosity model according to the post-stack diffracted wave energy; calculating an initial model for representing fracture attributes according to the equivalent fracture porosity model;
the inversion target function is determined according to angle gather data and forward modeling data, wherein the angle gather data are extracted from the prestack diffracted wave energy, and the forward modeling data are obtained according to stratum elastic parameters and the initial model;
and the prediction module is used for predicting the oil-gas-containing condition of the crack according to the inverted crack attribute.
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| CN111273354A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-12 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method and system for analyzing underground water change caused by underground mining |
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