CN110273302A - 一种多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法,包括以下步骤:1)得到除去“海”相的超细纤维;2)将其与纳米纤维素水溶液混合,加入硅烷偶联剂,搅拌后得到超细纤维/纳米纤维素混合溶液;3)将超细纤维/纳米纤维素混合溶液冷冻后转移至冷冻干燥机中,得超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布;4)将超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布浸入溶有聚乙二醇的N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,加入异氰酸酯,搅拌后真空干燥,得到聚乙二醇接枝的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布;5)步骤4)中的基布含浸处理后干燥,得具有防水、透气、调温功能的超细纤维合成革。本发明选用的海岛纤维不经甲苯开纤,减少了有毒试剂的使用,制得的合成革透气性好,防水性能佳,具有调温功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于超细纤维合成革制备领域,尤其是涉及一种具有疏水、透气、调温功能的多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法。
背景技术
天然皮革含有丰富的胶原蛋白,皮革内部还有着独特的三维立体编织结构,这使得天然皮革在使用过程中有着良好的透湿、透气以及耐磨性能,从而被广大消费者所喜爱。近年来,随着人们环保意识的不断增强,一种以超细纤维非织造布为基材的聚氨酯合成革(简称超细纤维合成革)受到了业界的广泛关注,从而大量的取代资源不足的天然皮革,在制作箱包、服装、鞋类以及车辆内饰等方面具有广阔的应用前景。
目前国内超细纤维合成革企业现大部分利用以聚酰胺(PA)和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为原料的共混纺丝技术制备不定岛海岛纤维,之后通过含浸聚氨酯制备超细纤维合成革。由于该方法制备的不定岛纤维需要用甲苯开纤,一方面甲苯开纤后溶剂不易回收且极易挥发,容易造成环境污染以及对工人的身心健康造成危害;另一方面由于开纤后的超细纤维线密度不匀,这使得制备的超细纤维合成革的手感较差,因此只能应用在一些对表面手感、柔软度要求不高的低端产品领域。此外,目前国内也有少数企业利用复合纺丝技术将聚酯(PET)或PA6与易水解聚酯(EHDPET)制备成定岛型海岛纤维,之后制备定岛型超细纤维合成革。尽管该方法制备的超细纤维合成革满足了市场上低VOC的要求,但是生产成本较高,产品价格较贵,只能用在高档产品领域。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种具有疏水、透气、调温功能的超细纤维合成革的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)处理海岛纤维得到除去“海”相的超细纤维;
2)将步骤1)中得到的超细纤维与质量分数为1~2wt%的纳米纤维素水溶液混合,同时加入质量分数为2~4wt%的硅烷偶联剂,常温下搅拌1~4h后得到超细纤维/纳米纤维素混合溶液;
3)将步骤2)中得到的超细纤维/纳米纤维素混合溶液在-100~-70℃下冷冻1~3h后转移至冷冻干燥机中,其中冻干温度为-70~-40℃,冻干时间为50~60h,得超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布;
4)将步骤3)中得到的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布浸入溶有3~6%质量分数聚乙二醇的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,加入4~7g异氰酸酯,搅拌2~5h后将超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布真空干燥6~10h,得到聚乙二醇接枝的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布;
5)取混合有防水剂、增稠剂和柔软剂的水性聚氨酯含浸液,将步骤4)中得到的聚乙二醇接枝后的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布浸入上述水性聚氨酯含浸液中,其中超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布的质量占比为10~30wt%,水性聚氨酯含浸液的质量占比为70~90wt%,含浸处理20~40min,取出超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布于60~80℃下干燥8~10h后,得到具有防水、透气、调温功能的超细纤维合成革。
作为优选,所述海岛纤维为PA6/EHDPET海岛纤维,或PET/EHDPET海岛纤维。
作为优选,所述步骤1)中将海岛纤维浸入去离子水中,于60~90℃下加热2~8h后将海岛纤维取出,得到除去“海”相的超细纤维。
作为优选,所述步骤2)中超细纤维的质量分数为1~2wt%。
作为优选,所述步骤4)中异氰酸酯为1-异氰酸辛酯,异氰酸己酯,异氰酸异丙酯,异氰酸4-乙基苯酯中的一种或两种或多种组合。
作为优选,所述步骤5)中水性聚氨酯的固含量为20~30wt%。
作为优选,所述步骤5)中防水剂为GLD-07,质量分数为2~4wt%;增稠剂为PTF,质量分数为1~2wt%;柔软剂为Wacker-1300,质量分数为2~4wt%。
作为优选,所述硅烷偶联剂为KH550,KH560,A-151,A-1120中的一种或两种或多种组合。
作为优选,所述PEG为PEG1000,PEG2000,PEG4000,PEG6000中的一种或两种或多种组合。
本发明首先将超细纤维预处理,之后将超细纤维和纳米纤维素制备为具有三维互穿网络结构的基布,最后将基布含浸聚氨酯溶液后可得到一种具有疏水、透气、调温功能的超细纤维合成革。该方法制备的超细纤维合成革工艺简单,原料易得,易于大规模工业化生产。所制备的超细纤维合成革具有疏水、透气以及调温的功能,可以应用在服装革、汽车内饰等高档产品中,应用前景十分广阔。
纳米纤维素是一种可从自然界中获取的天然高分子,它的化学结构上有着大量的-OH,可为许多反应的进行提供反应位点。因此,本发明提出纳米纤维素与超细纤维共混后,通过加入硅烷偶联剂与纳米纤维素上的-OH反应,从而将纳米纤维素交联,制备一种具有三维立体结构的基布,此时超细纤维也均匀的分散在该三维立体结构中。由于交联后的纳米纤维素仍保留大量的-OH,因此赋予了基布较好的透气性。之后在该基布上化学接枝相变材料聚乙二醇(PEG),从而使得该基布具有透气、调温的功能。最后,通过将超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布含浸水性聚氨酯,从而制备了一种具有疏水、透气、调温功能的超细纤维合成革。该方法制备的超细纤维合成革满足了目前市场上对超细纤维合成革低VOC的要求,同时,该方法制备的超细纤维合成革附加值较高,可满足不同使用领域,生产成本也较低,具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明所选用的纳米纤维素可从自然界中获取,原料来源广泛,制备过程环保无污染。在与超细纤维共混后,纳米纤维素经偶联剂偶联可得具有三维立体结构的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布,另外由于纳米纤维素中含有大量的羟基,从而保证了超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布的透气性。PEG作为常用的相变材料,通过接枝在超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布上,可使该基布具有较好的调温功能。最后,接枝PEG的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布在含浸水性聚氨酯后能保持良好的机械和防水性能。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)与传统的海岛纤维非织造布基材不同,本发明选用的海岛纤维不经甲苯开纤,减少了有毒试剂的使用,通过将超细纤维/纳米纤维素混合后可赋予基布较好的三维立体网络结构,该结构有利于增加基布的透气性,此外,由于纳米纤维素上大量的-OH,该基团有利于基布透气性能的提高以及提供了后期接枝PEG的官能团;
(2)本发明制备的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布由于接枝了PEG,这使得该基本有着较好的调温功能,因此由该基布制备的超细纤维合成革可以应用在服装、汽车内饰等高端产品中;
(3)本发明制备的超细纤维合成革选用水性聚氨酯代替油性聚氨酯,从而使得超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布在含浸聚氨酯过程中有效的避免了N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的使用,满足了目前市场上对超细纤维合成革低VOC的要求,此外,水性聚氨酯中防水整理剂的添加可使超细纤维合成革的防水性能大大提高,极大的拓展了超细纤维合成革的应用领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1、2、3、4所制备的超细纤维合成革的应力-应变曲线。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好的理解本发明方案,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
1、制备超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布:
取10g PA6/EHDPET海岛纤维浸入200mL去离子水中,80℃下加热4h后将PA6/EHDPET海岛纤维取出,得到除去“海”相的PA6超细纤维;
将10g 1wt%质量分数的PA6超细纤维加入到100g纳米纤维素水溶液中,其中纳米纤维素溶液中的纤维素质量分数为1wt%,同时加入质量分数为2wt%的KH550,常温下搅拌2h后,将超细纤维/纳米纤维素混合溶液在-80℃下冷冻1h后转移至冷冻干燥机中,其中冻干温度为-50℃,冻干时间为50h,可得超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布;
取10g制备的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布,浸入100g溶有5%质量分数PEG1000的DMF溶液中,之后加入5g 1-异氰酸辛酯,搅拌4h后将超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布真空干燥8h,最后可得PEG接枝的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布。
2、制备聚氨酯含浸液:
取100mL 20wt%固含量的水性聚氨酯,分别加入质量分数为2wt%的防水剂GLD-07、1wt%的增稠剂PTF和2wt%的柔软剂Wacker-1300,室温下搅拌1h;
将上述制备的PEG1000接枝后的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布浸入配制的水性聚氨酯含浸液中,含浸时间为20min,之后将超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布取出,60℃下干燥8h后得到具有防水、透气、调温功能的超细纤维合成革。
测试制备的超细纤维合成革的力学性能,其应力-应变曲线如图1所示,其具体力学性能参数如表1所示,透气性、透水汽性如表2所示
实施例2
1、制备超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布:
取10g PET/EHDPET海岛纤维浸入200mL去离子水中,80℃下加热6h后将PET/EHDPET海岛纤维取出,得到除去“海”相的PET超细纤维;
将10g 2wt%质量分数的PET超细纤维加入到100g纳米纤维素水溶液中,其中纳米纤维素溶液中的纳米纤维素质量分数为2wt%,同时加入质量分数为4wt%的KH560,常温下搅拌2h后,将超细纤维/纳米纤维素混合溶液在-90℃下冷冻1h后转移至冷冻干燥机中,其中冻干温度为-60℃,冻干时间为60h,可得超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布;
取10g制备的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布,浸入100g溶有5%质量分数PEG2000的DMF溶液中,之后加入5g异氰酸己酯,搅拌4h后将超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布真空干燥8h,最后可得PEG2000接枝的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布。
2、制备聚氨酯含浸液:
取100mL 30wt%固含量的水性聚氨酯,分别加入质量分数为4wt%的防水剂GLD-07、2wt%的增稠剂PTF和4wt%的柔软剂Wacker-1300,室温下搅拌2h;
将上述制备的PEG2000接枝后的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布浸入配制的水性聚氨酯含浸液中,含浸时间为40min,之后将超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布取出,80℃下干燥8h后得到具有防水、透气、调温功能的超细纤维合成革。
测试制备的超细纤维合成革的力学性能,其应力-应变曲线如图1所示,其具体力学性能参数如表1所示,透气性、透水汽性如表2所示。
实施例3
1、制备超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布:
取10g PA6/EHDPET海岛纤维浸入200mL去离子水中,80℃下加热5h后将PA6/EHDPET海岛纤维取出,得到除去“海”相的PA6超细纤维;
将10g 1.5wt%质量分数的PET超细纤维加入到100g纳米纤维素水溶液中,其中纳米纤维素溶液中的纳米纤维素质量分数为1.5wt%,同时加入质量分数为1.5wt%的A-151,常温下搅拌2h后,将超细纤维/纳米纤维素混合溶液在-80℃下冷冻1h后转移至冷冻干燥机中,其中冻干温度为-40℃,冻干时间为55h,可得超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布;
取10g制备的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布,浸入100g溶有5%质量分数PEG4000的DMF溶液中,之后加入5g异氰酸异丙酯,搅拌4h后将超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布真空干燥8h,最后可得PEG4000接枝的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布。
2、制备聚氨酯含浸液:
取100mL 25wt%固含量的水性聚氨酯,分别加入质量分数为3wt%的防水剂GLD-07、1.5wt%的增稠剂PTF和3wt%的柔软剂Wacker-1300,室温下搅拌1h;
将上述制备的PEG4000接枝后的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布浸入配制的水性聚氨酯含浸液中,含浸时间为30min,之后将超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布取出,70℃下干燥8h后得到具有防水、透气、调温功能的超细纤维合成革。
测试制备的超细纤维合成革的力学性能,其应力-应变曲线如图1所示,其具体力学性能参数如表1所示,透气性、透水汽性如表2所示。
实施例4
1、制备超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布:
取10g PET/EHDPET海岛纤维浸入200mL去离子水中,80℃下加热4h后将PET/EHDPET海岛纤维取出,得到除去“海”相的PET超细纤维;
将10g 1wt%的超细纤维加入到100g纳米纤维素水溶液中,其中纳米纤维素溶液中的纳米纤维素质量分数为2wt%,同时加入质量分数为2.5wt%的A-1120,常温下搅拌2h后,将超细纤维/纳米纤维素混合溶液在-80℃下冷冻1h后转移至冷冻干燥机中,其中冻干温度为-70℃,冻干时间为50-60h,可得超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布;
取10g制备的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布,浸入100g溶有5%质量分数PEG6000的DMF溶液中,之后加入5g异氰酸4-乙基苯酯,搅拌4h后将超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布真空干燥8h,最后可得PEG6000接枝的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布。
2、制备聚氨酯含浸液:
取100mL 28wt%固含量的水性聚氨酯,分别加入质量分数为2.5wt%的防水剂GLD-07、1.8wt%的增稠剂PTF和4wt%的柔软剂Wacker-1300,室温下搅拌1.5h;
将上述制备的PEG6000接枝后的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布浸入配制的水性聚氨酯含浸液中,含浸时间为28min,之后将超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布取出,80℃下干燥10h后得到具有防水、透气、调温功能的超细纤维合成革。
测试制备的超细纤维合成革的力学性能,其应力-应变曲线如图1所示,其具体力学性能参数如表1所示,透气性、透水汽性如表2所示。
表1不同实施例制备的超细纤维合成革的具体力学性能参数
表2不同实施例制备的超细纤维合成革的透气性以及透水性性能
从表1和表2可以看出,该方法制备的超细纤维合成革有着较好的机械性能,其透气性以及透水气性也优于大部分目前市售的同类产品。
上述具体实施方式用来解释说明本发明,而不是对本发明进行限制,在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内,对本发明作出的任何修改和改变,都落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)处理海岛纤维得到除去“海”相的超细纤维;
2)将步骤1)中得到的超细纤维与质量分数为1~2wt%的纳米纤维素水溶液混合,同时加入质量分数为2~4wt%的硅烷偶联剂,常温下搅拌1~4h后得到超细纤维/纳米纤维素混合溶液;
3)将步骤2)中得到的超细纤维/纳米纤维素混合溶液在-100~-70℃下冷冻1~3h后转移至冷冻干燥机中,其中冻干温度为-70~-40℃,冻干时间为50~60h,得超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布;
4)将步骤3)中得到的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布浸入溶有3~6%质量分数聚乙二醇的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,加入4~7g异氰酸酯,搅拌2~5h后将超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布真空干燥6~10h,得到聚乙二醇接枝的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布;
5)取混合有防水剂、增稠剂和柔软剂的水性聚氨酯含浸液,将步骤4)中得到的聚乙二醇接枝后的超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布浸入上述水性聚氨酯含浸液中,其中超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布的质量占比为10~30wt%,水性聚氨酯含浸液的质量占比为70~90wt%,含浸处理20~40min,取出超细纤维/纳米纤维素基布于60~80℃下干燥8~10h后,得到具有防水、透气、调温功能的超细纤维合成革。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法,其特征在于:所述海岛纤维为PA6/EHDPET海岛纤维,或PET/EHDPET海岛纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)中将海岛纤维浸入去离子水中,于60~90℃下加热2~8h后将海岛纤维取出,得到除去“海”相的超细纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)中超细纤维的质量分数为1~2wt%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4)中异氰酸酯为1-异氰酸辛酯,异氰酸己酯,异氰酸异丙酯,异氰酸4-乙基苯酯中的一种或两种或多种组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5)中水性聚氨酯的固含量为20~30wt%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5)中防水剂为GLD-07,质量分数为2~4wt%;增稠剂为PTF,质量分数为1~2wt%;柔软剂为Wacker-1300,质量分数为2~4wt%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硅烷偶联剂为KH550,KH560,A-151,A-1120中的一种或两种或多种组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的多功能超细纤维合成革的制备方法,其特征在于:所述PEG为PEG1000,PEG2000,PEG4000,PEG6000中的一种或两种或多种组合。
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CN113403856A (zh) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-17 | 安安(中国)有限公司 | 一种超高防水透气性能的超细纤维合成革的加工方法 |
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