CN110249871A - A kind of utensil improving Sand-fixed shrub survival rate using agricultural crop straw - Google Patents
A kind of utensil improving Sand-fixed shrub survival rate using agricultural crop straw Download PDFInfo
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- CN110249871A CN110249871A CN201910513239.1A CN201910513239A CN110249871A CN 110249871 A CN110249871 A CN 110249871A CN 201910513239 A CN201910513239 A CN 201910513239A CN 110249871 A CN110249871 A CN 110249871A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0225—Wind breakers, i.e. devices providing lateral protection of the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of utensils that Sand-fixed shrub survival rate is improved using agricultural crop straw, which includes: fixed ring on (1), for fixing crop material top；(2) fixed ring under, for fixing crop material lower part；(3) guiding gutter, for guiding and collecting rainwater；(4) fixed bracket, for fixing entire crop material；(5) rainwater collected in guiding gutter is transported to deep soil by aqueduct；(6) stalk skeleton, skeleton are made of rice, wheat or corn stover.This method improves Effective Soil Water Content, while reducing injury of the wind to Sand-fixed shrub, and then significantly improve the survival rate of Arid Desert Area Sand-fixed shrub by the rainfall of increase land area of one unit.Operation of the present invention is simple, it is low in cost, solve the problems, such as that stalk is pollution-free, efficiently recycles, and improve Sand-fixed shrub survival rate, seedling cost, cost of labor and management cost are thereby reduced, the efficiency of Arid Desert Area sand prevention, sand control work is significantly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the utensils that a kind of agricultural straw resource recycles, i.e., are improved using the agricultural crop straw of low cost
Sand-fixed shrub survival rate, the purpose is to reduce the environmental pollution during agricultural crop straw utilizes and break the limitation using approach
Property, while using the survival rate of agricultural crop straw raising Sand-fixed shrub, seedling cost, cost of labor and management cost are reduced, is mentioned
High desert treatment efficiency, it is final to realize that agricultural crop straw utilizes and improve the purpose of vegetation coverage, sand calamity win-win.
Background technique
China's crop material yield is huge, 1978-2016, the linear ascendant trend of Crop in China stalk total output.
China's Primary Crop Straw generates total amount about 3.00 × 10 within 19788T increases to 6.98 × 10 in 20098T, and 2016
Total output has about reached 9.84 × 108T, wherein corn, rice and wheat three categories crop material yield reach 8.22 × 108T,
Account for the 84% of stalk total amount.With the raising of crop yield prediction, agricultural crop straw is as the byproduct in agricultural production process, and one
Make largely waste to be taken as to be incinerated except the green beverage of cattle and sheep, cause environmental pollution in part.China's stalk comprehensive utilization
Mode mainly includes that straw-returning utilizes the several modes such as type, recycling type, new material processing.Due to it is regional, seasonal,
The problems such as structural and technology maturation degree, economic cost, utilization efficiency, stalk excess phenomenon constantly highlights, stalk resource
Change to utilize and face a severe challenge.Therefore, innovation straw utilization mode is extremely urgent.
Desertification (or sand damage) prevention and treatment is carried out using artificial vegetation and has nearly 60 years history in China, and in the world
Generally acknowledged husky area's ecological reconstruction and maximally efficient one of the method and approach of sand damage control.However, being carried out using artificial vegetation
Husky area's ecological reconstruction and sand damage control but encounter many problems.A large number of studies show that plant-soil moisture relationship is arid sand dune
The Scientific problems at the core of area's ecological reconstruction and recovery, atmospheric water and underground water could be by vegetation institutes when being only converted to the soil water
It utilizes, soil moisture is to maintain the driving force of husky area vegetation system pattern and process, and Soil Hydrological Process controls the life of plant
The main process such as long, vegetation succession and differentiation of landscapes.Soil moisture is arid and semi-arid area different scale Eco-hydrological Processes
Key influence factor, in the desert ecosystem limited by moisture, existing positive feedback mechanism is by soil between water and vegetation
Moisture gets up with vegetation close ties.The spatial distribution and its validity of soil moisture dominate formation and the vegetation of vegetation pattern
Cover degree.In conclusion soil moisture determines the survival rate of sand-fixation plant, in turn especially at the initial stage of sand-fixation plant plant
Determine the process of sand prevention, the effect of sand control and Desertification Control.
The principal element for showing to influence the surrival rate of afforestation in Arid Desert Area that largely studies for a long period of time both at home and abroad is exactly soil
Moisture condition, the good local surrival rate of afforestation of Soil Moisture is high, the place of moisture condition difference, and the surrival rate of afforestation is low.Soil
Water replenishment amount is the material base for determining soil vegetative cover bearing capacity size.Under non-irrigated condition and underground water buried depth is deeper
Under conditions of cannot being utilized by plant, precipitation is most important soil moisture source, and rainfall has decision to the variation of soil moisture
Property influence.In general, effective water content of soil is consequently increased with the increase of rainfall.Accordingly, it is believed that drop
The number of water determines the number of Effective Soil Water Content.There is wind in Arid Desert Area throughout the year, and wind speed is fast and variable direction, often right
Seedling, which brings, drops big injury.Therefore, wind is risen and slows down and evacuates, be effectively reduced damage of the wind to plant seedlings, and
The important measures of survival rate are provided.
In consideration of it, how to increase the precipitation input quantity of unit area using agricultural crop straw, and wind is reduced to seedling
Injury will solve agricultural straw resource to recycle key link contradictory with sand-fixation plant survival rate is improved.
Summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of devices that Sand-fixed shrub survival rate is improved using agricultural crop straw
Tool, i.e., the method for improving Sand-fixed shrub survival rate using agricultural crop straw.First form three using metal frame and agricultural crop straw
Angle stage body shape, is then fixed in around Sand-fixed shrub seedling.Increase land area of one unit precipitation with its special structure
Input quantity reduces injury of the wind to Sand-fixed shrub seedling, improves sand-fixation plant planting survival rate.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of utensil improving Sand-fixed shrub survival rate using agricultural crop straw, by upper fixed ring, lower fixed ring, is consolidated guiding gutter
Fixed rack, aqueduct and stalk skeleton composition.Guiding gutter is connect with upper fixed ring and lower fixed ring, and the inclination angle with horizontal plane is
40 ° -60 °, and occupy between fixed ring and lower fixed ring, it is in a circular table shape, it arranges between guiding gutter and upper and lower fixed ring netted
Stalk skeleton, guiding gutter lower end is equipped with aqueduct, and aqueduct by corner angle is that 120 ° of iron pipes are made, and and guiding gutter
Lower end connection, turns the inside to guiding gutter, bracket is welded and fixed in lower fixed ring bottom.
The stalk skeleton be made of wheat, rice or corn stover it is netted；
The foundation of design structure feature of the present invention:
1, why will be intercepted in the present invention and transport the skeleton setting of rainwater in it is netted be environmental characteristic according to arid biogeographic zone: it is small
Precipitation dominates (precipitation less than 5 mm accounts for 80% or more), the Characteristics of Precipitation of single rainy persistent time long (being greater than 10 hours).
In addition, there is wind in Arid Desert Area throughout the year, wind speed is fast and variable direction, and precipitation simultaneous wind.It is dry in order to cope with well
Guarantee the collection efficiency of rainwater while the particular surroundings of drought-hit area again, the setting of mesh skeleton meets rainwater tension characteristic, to it
Good guiding function is played, the effect of rainwater-collecting is realized.In addition, the setting of mesh skeleton can make the positive normal open of wind
It crosses, and plays the role of one to wind and slow down and evacuation, be effectively reduced damage of the wind to plant seedlings, while also preventing wind
Device is blown down, is damaged, bracket is welded and fixed in lower fixed ring bottom；Guarantee rainwater establishment stalk is off the net will be complete around seedling
In the case where all standing, sunlight can be irradiated on nursery stock by stalk hole off the net, and stalk hole off the net can also be complete
At the gas exchanges around seedling with the external world, so that seedling is carried out normal photosynthesis, grow up strong and sturdy.
2, it is recorded in the present invention: being connected with an aqueduct in the lower end of guiding gutter, which is by corner angle
120 ° of iron pipes are made, and turn on the inside of guiding gutter, are connected directly to the root of seedling.Water when rainy, in guiding gutter
It is directly flowed into the soil of seedling root by the aqueduct of guiding gutter lower end, fully absorbs seedling.In Arid Desert Area
In the case that rainfall is extremely rare, substantially increase the utilization rate of rainwater, thus significantly improve Arid Desert Area nursery stock at
Motility rate；The setting of aqueduct is according to " preferential stream theoretical " setting in arid biogeographic zone shrub Water Transportation, and both shrub was in order to tie up
Growth is held, can preferentially be transported precipitation to root by modes such as runoffs.Meanwhile it is also rainwater that aqueduct corner angle, which is 120 °,
The best angle for flowing into soil is also beneficial to where rainwater directly reaches root system of plant while ensureing moisture conveying smoothness
Main region.The rainwater of collection is directly transported to root, is the important leverage for improving plant percent by aqueduct.
The invention has the advantages that
1, metal frame, guiding gutter and agricultural crop straw composition inverted round stage reticular structure mode are devised, is fixed on around nursery stock, has
Conducive to rainwater-collecting, be conducive to reduce damage of the wind to plant seedlings；Be conducive to sunlight to be irradiated to by stalk hole off the net
On nursery stock, promote the growth of nursery stock.
2, the present invention is set up using agricultural crop straw as a kind of using mode of resource, enriches crop material using think of
Road and approach.Agricultural straw resource is combined with Sand-fixed shrub plant and sand damage improvement, does not give only stalk new function,
Also solve the problems, such as that arid, semiarid region agricultural crop straw is pollution-free, and consumption utilizes.
3, present invention production is simple, low in cost.It is practical；It is hand-made, without professional equipment；Raw material obtain on the spot
It takes, finished product uses on the spot, reduces transportation cost and management cost.
4, it is suitable for vast arid, half-dried drought and sand area, this method can significantly improve surviving for a variety of shrubs and fruticuli
Rate plays certain effect for improving vegetation coverage.
5, the efficiency of Arid Desert Area sand prevention, sand control work is improved.This mode significantly improves Sand-fixed shrub and survives
Rate reduces seedling cost, cost of labor and management cost, further improves the efficiency of Arid Desert Area sand prevention, sand control work.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is schematic structural view of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the increased rainfall of crop material utensil under the conditions of different precipitation.
Fig. 3 is the influence whether there is or not crop material utensil to shrub and fruticuli survival rate." * " indicates significant difference in figure,P < 0.05。
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described further again with example with reference to the accompanying drawing:
A kind of utensil improving Sand-fixed shrub survival rate using agricultural crop straw.This method first uses fixed ring 1, lower fixed ring
2 metal frames, guiding gutter 3 and agricultural crop straw form rounding stage body, and guiding gutter 3 is as between the upper fixed ring 1 of support and lower fixed ring 2
Muscle, the establishment of fixed agricultural crop straw net, be then fixed in around Sand-fixed shrub seedling.Main body be by upper fixed ring 1,
Lower fixed ring 2, guiding gutter 3, fixed bracket 4, aqueduct 5, stalk skeleton 6 form.The diameter of upper fixed ring 1 is 50 cm, by two
160 cm of segment length, 2 cm of width, the sheet iron or 8# iron wire of about 0.1 cm of thickness are made, and the part is for fixing straw
Stalk top.Lower 2 diameter of fixed ring is 20 cm, by 63 cm of length, 3.2 cm of width, and the sheet iron of about 0.1 cm of thickness, or by
The iron pipe of 2 cm of diameter is made.Guiding gutter 3 is made for the intermediate iron pipe broken, or is the slot of sheet iron production, point
It is not connect with upper fixed ring 1 and lower fixed ring 2, the inclination angle with horizontal plane is 60 °.Aqueduct 5 by 5 cm iron pipe of diameter make and
At.5 cross-directional length of aqueduct, 10 cm, 20 cm of diagonal length, corner angle is 120 °, and is connected with 3 lower end of guiding gutter.
Stalk skeleton 6 is made of rice, wheat or corn stover, and rice, wheat or corn stover are affixed directly to 1 and of fixed ring
Between lower fixed ring 2 and guiding gutter 3, effect is to intercept rainwater, and the rainwater of interception is transported in guiding gutter 3, then by water guide
Slot 3 flows into aqueduct 5, penetrates into around Sand-fixed shrub seedling.0.2 cm is divided between rice, wheat or corn stover.It is fixed
Bracket 4 is by 1 cm of diameter, and the reinforcement fabrication of 20 cm of length forms.
Fixed bracket 4 is embedded in soil when use, plays the role of fixed entire frame and crop material.It is upper and lower solid
Determining the vertical range between ring is 50 cm.There is the support of guiding gutter 3 to fix therebetween, upper fixed ring 1 and lower fixed ring 2 and guiding gutter 3
Between arrange netted agricultural crop straw, 3 lower end of guiding gutter is equipped with aqueduct 5, and bracket 4 is welded and fixed in lower 2 bottom of fixed ring.
In order to prove feasibility of the invention, below by Fig. 2 and example in advance with explanation:
Example 1: the influence to shrub plant percent
It is carried out in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Zhongwei City Shapotou country, Chinese Academy of Sciences station water balance observation field in April, 2017.China
Shapotou sand desert survey experiment station, the academy of sciences is located in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, be located at Southeastern Marginal Tengger Desert (37 ° of 32 ' N,
105 ° of 02 ' E, height above sea level 1 340 is m).Average annual precipitation is only 180 mm, and rainfall is concentrated mainly on the 5-9 month, and rainfall is less than 2 mm
The total rainfall of rainfall Zhan 80% or more.Soil stabilization water content is between 3% ~ 4%.80 m of underground water buried depth, cannot be direct for plant
It utilizes, rainfall is unique moisture source of area's plant growth.
Caragana microphylla, caragana microphylla, sand honey raisin tree, hedysarum scoparium, the husky wooden knotweed, 6 kinds of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus typical Sand-fixed shrubs (half fillings are selected respectively
Wood) cultivation experiment (see Table 1 for details for planting density) has been carried out,
60 m * 60m=360 m of the cell gross area2, each species transplant 3 cells, totally 18 cells.It is filled before plant to fixing the sand
The wooden seedling is selected, and guarantees that seedling used is the healthy tree of no disease and pests harm.Species arrangement uses the experimental design side of completely random
Method.After the completion of plant plant, in each cell, each species randomly choose 40 plants and are marked, wherein 20 plants of additions are made
Object stalk braided fabric does not take the plant of any measure for control with other 20 plants.It in October, 2017, investigates and is marked in each cell
Plant survives quantity, calculates survival rate.
Fig. 2 is increased rainfall under the conditions of different precipitation.2017 are of the invention by way of monitoring throughfall,
Have detected the collection rain effect of the utensil.The result shows that the monitoring by 30 precipitation events finds that rainfall becomes between 0.7-48.6
When change, it is not collected into and penetrates rain.That is the utensil is 100% to the interception of precipitation.Calculated result shows 2018 should
Facility cumulative rises precipitation is 36.39 mm, accounts for the 16.3% of gross precipitation.From the point of view of the effect for collecting rainwater, 20 plants of additions
The high survival rate of crop material braided fabric plant, 20 plants are not taken the survival rate of plant of any measure low, illustrate the utensil collection rain
Promote the survival rate effect of plant obvious.
The influence of 2: double shrub plant percent of example
Trial zone is same as above.3 kinds of oily wormwood artemisia, seed wormwood artemisia and mongolian bluebeard typical cases fruticuli of fixing the sand is selected to carry out cultivation experiment, density respectively
See Table 1 for details.
1 Species Density experimental design scheme of table
It is 360 m that species, which transplant plot area,2, each species transplant 3 cells, totally 18 cells.Seedling is carried out before plant
It selects, guarantees that seedling used is the healthy tree of no disease and pests harm.Species arrangement uses the test design method of completely random.Plant plant
After the completion, in each cell, each species randomly choose 40 plants and are marked, wherein 20 plants of addition crop material braidings
Object does not take the plant of any measure for control with other 20 plants.It investigates and marks surviving for plant in each cell in October, 2018
Quantity calculates survival rate.
Fig. 3 is the influence of shrub and fruticuli survival rate.As can be seen from Figure 3: flat under the conditions of caragana microphylla natural precipitation
Equal survival rate is 60%, and average survival is 80% under the conditions of crop material braided fabric, survival rate improves 20%, be caragana microphylla from
1.33 times of right precipitation survival rate, illustrate that crop material braided fabric is significantly higher than the survival rate of control；Caragana microphylla drops naturally
Average survival under the conditions of water is 56%, and average survival is 78% under the conditions of crop material braided fabric, and survival rate improves
22%, it is 1.39 times of natural precipitation survival rate, it is clear that higher than the survival rate of control；Being averaged under the conditions of husky honey raisin tree natural precipitation
Survival rate is 65%, under the conditions of crop material braided fabric average survival be 90%, survival rate improve 25%, natural precipitation at
1.38 times of motility rate, are significantly higher than the survival rate of control；Average survival under the conditions of hedysarum scoparium natural precipitation is 54%, in crop
Average survival is 73% under the conditions of stalk braided fabric, and survival rate improves 19%, is 1.35 times of natural precipitation survival rate, significantly
Higher than the survival rate of control；Average survival under the conditions of husky wood knotweed natural precipitation is 85%, under the conditions of crop material braided fabric
Average survival is 100%, and survival rate improves 15%, is 1.18 times of natural precipitation survival rate, is significantly higher than surviving for control
Rate；Average survival under the conditions of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus natural precipitation is 25%, and average survival is under the conditions of crop material braided fabric
55%, survival rate improves 30%, 2.20 times of survival rate for being significantly higher than control.Average survival to above-mentioned 6 kinds of shrubs and at
The multiple living that improves carries out average computation, the results showed that, the average survival of shrub is improved 21% by crop material braided fabric, is
1.55 times of natural precipitation survival rate, survival rate is significantly higher than the survival rate of control.
As can be seen that the average survival under the conditions of oily wormwood artemisia natural precipitation is 75%, in crop material braided fabric item in Fig. 3
Average survival is 100% under part, and survival rate improves 25%, is 1.33 times of natural precipitation survival rate, is significantly higher than control
Survival rate；Average survival under the conditions of seed wormwood artemisia natural precipitation is 78%, and average survival is under the conditions of crop material braided fabric
94%, survival rate improves 16%, is 1.21 times of natural precipitation survival rate, is significantly higher than the survival rate of control；Mongolian bluebeard is natural
Average survival under precipitation condition is 40%, and average survival is 65% under the conditions of crop material braided fabric, and survival rate improves
25%, it is 1.63 times of natural precipitation survival rate, is significantly higher than the survival rate of control.To the average survival of above-mentioned 3 kinds of shrubs
Multiple progress average computation is improved with surviving, the results showed that, the survival rate of shrub is improved 22% by crop material braided fabric, at
Motility rate is significantly higher than the survival rate of control.
From example 1 and example 2, present invention explanation: the crop material braided fabric significantly improves a variety of shrubs and half and fills
The survival rate of wood.Illustrate simultaneously, the lower species of survival rate under the conditions of natural precipitation, such as Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, mongolian bluebeard, makees having used
After object stalk braided fabric, survival rate is significantly improved.In example 1 and example 2,6 kinds of selected shrubs --- caragana microphylla, leaflet golden pheasant
Youngster, husky honey raisin tree, hedysarum scoparium, husky wooden knotweed, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, selected in example 23 kinds of fruticulis --- oily wormwood artemisia, seed wormwood artemisia and mongolian bluebeard are
Typical Sand-fixed shrub and Arid Desert Area are commonly afforested species.Obtain from above-mentioned example: the crop material braided fabric can increase
The precipitation for adding unit area significantly improves the survival rate of shrub and fruticuli.Therefore, filling of fixing the sand is improved using agricultural crop straw
The method of the wooden survival rate can transplant in practice Arid Desert Area Sand-fixed shrub (fruticuli) to be confirmed, and promote and answer
With.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of utensil for improving Sand-fixed shrub survival rate using agricultural crop straw, be by upper fixed ring (1), lower fixed ring (2),
Guiding gutter (3), fixed bracket (4), aqueduct (5) and skeleton (6) form, it is characterized in that guiding gutter (3) and upper fixed ring (1) and
Lower fixed ring (2) connection, the inclination angle with horizontal plane is 40 ° -60 °, and is occupy between fixed ring (1) and lower fixed ring (2),
Stalk skeleton (6) in a circular table shape, arranging netted between guiding gutter (3) and upper and lower fixed ring, guiding gutter (3) lower end are equipped with water guide
It manages (5), aqueduct (5) is that 120 ° of iron pipes are made, and are connected to guiding gutter (3) lower end by corner angle, is turned to guiding gutter
(3) bracket (4) are welded and fixed in inside, lower fixed ring (2) bottom.
2. a kind of utensil for improving Sand-fixed shrub survival rate using agricultural crop straw according to claim 1, it is characterized in that straw
Stalk skeleton (6) be made of wheat, rice or corn stover it is netted.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114831006A (en) * | 2022-04-23 | 2022-08-02 | 黄河园林集团有限公司 | Ecological restoration system for wind prevention and sand fixation and construction method thereof |
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