CN110249730B - Sugarcane field subsoiling soil preparation device - Google Patents

Sugarcane field subsoiling soil preparation device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110249730B
CN110249730B CN201910713045.6A CN201910713045A CN110249730B CN 110249730 B CN110249730 B CN 110249730B CN 201910713045 A CN201910713045 A CN 201910713045A CN 110249730 B CN110249730 B CN 110249730B
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China
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sugarcane
coulter
ridging
scarification
loosening
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CN110249730A (en
Inventor
韦丽娇
黄伟华
李明
董学虎
陈继色
葛畅
牛钊君
朱现忠
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Institute of Agricultural Machinery of CATAS
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Institute of Agricultural Machinery of CATAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/02Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
    • A01B49/022Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a deep scarification soil preparation device for sugarcane fields, which comprises a frame, a subtending deep scarification plow set for deeply scarifying sugarcane ridges and plowing sugarcane roots, a scarification assembly for scarifying and damaging sugarcane heads, and a ridging assembly for ridging the sugarcane ridges, wherein the subtending deep scarification plow set, the scarification assembly and the ridging assembly are all arranged on the frame, the scarification assembly is arranged behind the subtending deep scarification plow set, and the ridging assemblies are arranged on two sides of the scarification assembly. The invention carries out deep scarification on the sugarcane ridges and plows the sugarcane roots to the deep scarification plow assembly, then the scarification assembly rotates to complete scarification and damage on sugarcane heads, so that the sugarcane heads are prevented from sprouting in the next year and influencing the production of newly planted sugarcane in the next year.

Description

Sugarcane field subsoiling soil preparation device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a deep scarification soil preparation device for sugarcane soil.
Background
Sugarcane is one of main economic crops in China, is also an important sugar crop in China, and accounts for more than 85% of the perennial sugar area in China. The existing sugarcane planting is basically year by year planting, and the adopted planting modes are as follows: new planting for 1 year, and plowing and re-planting after 1-2 years of perennial roots; after 1 year of new planting, the cultivation is turned over again to re-plant. In recent years, the planting benefit of sugarcane is lower and lower due to the influence of continuous rising of the cost of manual operation, international sugar price impact and the like. Therefore, in order to improve the production and planting benefits of the sugarcane and reduce the production cost, the implementation of the whole-process mechanized operation is a key factor besides the selection of good varieties.
In the mechanized process of sugarcane production, the most basic work is soil preparation, the traditional method is to use a high-horsepower tractor to drive a furrow plow or a rotary cultivator to carry out 1-2 times of flattening after heavy harrow tillage, and finally to use a ditcher to open a deep ditch. The method has low operation efficiency and high energy consumption, the tractor needs to roll the sugarcane field by entering the ground for many times, and the ploughing operation by adopting the furrow plough for the high-horsepower tractor is not consistent with the protective farming technologies such as deep scarification soil preparation operation and the like carried out by China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a deep scarification soil preparation device for sugarcane fields, which can finish deep scarification, soil preparation and ridging operation once, improve the soil preparation operation efficiency of sugarcane fields and reduce the operation cost, and can also implement the displacement planting of changing furrows for sugarcane, thereby solving the serious problem of the influence of plant diseases and insect pests caused by planting the same position of sugarcane in successive years.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a sugarcane field subsoiling soil preparation device, including the frame, be used for subsoiling sugarcane ridge and the subtend subsoiling plough group of the broken sugarcane root of plough, be used for pulling out pine and destroy the subassembly of pulling out pine of sugarcane head, be used for the subassembly of ridging of sugarcane ridge ridging, subtend subsoiling plough group, pull out pine subassembly and ridging subassembly all install in the frame, pull out pine subassembly and locate the rear of subtend subsoiling plough group, the subassembly of ridging is installed in the both sides of pulling out pine subassembly.
According to the deep scarification soil preparation device for the sugarcane field, deep scarification is carried out on sugarcane ridges and sugarcane roots are plowed off by the opposite deep scarification plow group in the advancing process, and then the scarification assembly rotates to complete scarification and damage on sugarcane heads, so that the sugarcane heads are prevented from sprouting in the next year to affect the production of newly planted sugarcane in the next year, meanwhile, ridge forming assemblies positioned on two sides of the scarification assembly are arranged to ridge the deep scarification and the scarification of the sugarcane heads, and after ridge forming is completed, pesticide application, fertilization and sugarcane seed discharging can be carried out on the furrows, so that the displacement planting of the furrows for the sugarcane is realized. The deep scarification soil preparation device for the sugarcane field can finish deep scarification, soil preparation and ridging operation once, improves the soil preparation operation efficiency of the sugarcane field, reduces the operation cost, can also implement furrow changing and shift planting of the sugarcane, and solves the serious problem of pest and disease damage caused by planting the same position of the sugarcane in successive years.
Further, the opposite subsoiler group comprises a first plough group and a second plough group which are symmetrically arranged, the first plough group and the second plough group are identical in structure and comprise a plough column and a coulter connected to one end of the plough column, and the other end of the plough column is connected to the frame. The first plough group and the second plough group are matched to complete the corresponding operations of deep loosening of the rows of the sugarcane ridges and breaking of the roots of the sugarcane, and the plough column can be movably connected with the frame to adjust the opposite distance between the first plough group and the second plough group according to the planting row spacing of the sugarcane, so that the application range of the invention is widened.
Further, the coulter comprises a first coulter and a second coulter, wherein the first coulter and the second coulter are both arranged on the colter and the second coulter is connected to the bottom of the first coulter to form an L-shaped structure. The first coulter and the second coulter are arranged transversely and longitudinally, so that the efficiency and the effect of deep scarification and soil preparation can be effectively improved.
Further, the first coulter is of a hollow triangular prism structure, the hollow triangular prism structure is arranged on the side part of the plow standard through the mounting handle, and one side edge of the hollow triangular prism structure is processed to form a first cutting edge. The length of the first blade can be adjusted within the range of 25 cm-40 cm according to the height of the sugarcane ridge.
Further, the second coulter comprises a main coulter and an auxiliary coulter, the main coulter and the auxiliary coulter are both arranged at the bottom of the plow standard, the front part of the main coulter is provided with a second cutting edge, the front part of the auxiliary coulter is provided with a third cutting edge, and the third cutting edge is arranged at the front side of the second cutting edge. The auxiliary coulter is firstly buried than the main coulter, so that the soil-buried resistance can be reduced, and the deep scarification and soil preparation efficiency can be improved.
Further, the main coulter and the auxiliary coulter are connected to the bottom of the plow standard through the installation board, the upper planes of the main coulter and the auxiliary coulter are positioned on the same plane, and the upper plane and the horizontal plane are provided with an included angle of 10 degrees to 30 degrees. The main coulter and the auxiliary coulter are obliquely arranged, so that soil can be conveniently poured into the soil, and the soil preparation efficiency is improved.
Further, pull out the pine subassembly and include actuating mechanism, transmission shaft, pull out loose wheel and pull out the pine tooth, the transmission shaft is connected in actuating mechanism just the transmission shaft cross-under pulls out the center of loose wheel, pull out the pine tooth and encircle in pulling out the outer wall setting of loose wheel. The driving mechanism drives the transmission shaft to rotate, the transmission shaft drives the loosening wheel and the loosening teeth arranged on the outer wall of the loosening wheel to rotate, and the loosening and damage of the sugarcane heads are completed, so that the sugarcane heads are prevented from sprouting in the next year to affect the production of newly planted sugarcane.
Further, the ridging assembly comprises two groups of ridging plates which are symmetrically arranged, the two groups of ridging plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the loosening wheel respectively, and the distance between the two groups of ridging plates is gradually increased along the advancing direction of the sugarcane soil deep loosening and preparing device. The two groups of ridging plates are in an splayed structure, and the two ridging plates are matched with each other to ridge the sugarcane ridges with deep loosening and loosening sugarcane heads, so that pesticide and fertilizer application and sugarcane seed discharging in the furrows are facilitated, and furrow changing and shifting planting of the sugarcane is realized.
Further, the subtended subsoiler group, the loosening component and the ridging component are at least two groups. The multi-group opposite subsoiling plow set, the loosening assembly and the ridging assembly work simultaneously, so that the subsoiling, soil preparation and ridging operations are performed on a plurality of sugarcane ridge rows simultaneously, the soil preparation operation efficiency of the sugarcane field is improved, and the operation cost is reduced.
Further, the frame is provided with a mounting seat connected with the tractor. The sugarcane field subsoiling and soil preparation device is arranged on a tractor through the mounting seat, and the tractor drives the sugarcane field subsoiling and soil preparation device to advance, so that labor is saved, and the soil preparation operation efficiency is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The deep scarification and soil preparation device for the sugarcane field can finish deep scarification, soil preparation and ridging operation by once entering the field, improves the soil preparation operation efficiency of the sugarcane field and reduces the operation cost; loosening and damaging the sugarcane heads are completed, so that the sugarcane heads are prevented from sprouting in the next year to influence the production of newly planted sugarcane in the next year; meanwhile, the method can also implement furrow-changing and displacement planting of the sugarcane, and solves the serious problem of influence of plant diseases and insect pests caused by planting the sugarcane at the same position year after year.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sugar cane soil deep scarification soil preparation device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a subtended subsoiling plow set of the sugarcane field subsoiling and soil preparation device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a loosening wheel of the sugarcane field subsoiling and soil preparation device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a ridging assembly of the sugar cane soil subsoiling and soil preparation device;
In the accompanying drawings: 100-frames; 200-subtending subsoiler groups; 201-a first plow set; 202-a second plow set; 203-plow standard; 204-a first coulter; 205-a second coulter; 206-a first blade; 207-main coulter; 208-secondary coulter; 209-a second blade; 210-a third blade; 211-mounting a knife board; 300-pulling out the loosening component; 301-a driving mechanism; 302-a transmission shaft; 303-pulling out the loosening wheel; 304-pulling loose teeth; 400-ridging components; 401-ridging plates; 500-mounting seats; 501-a bracket; 502-mounting portion.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with the following detailed description. Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to be limiting of the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there is an azimuth or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not indicated or implied that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limitations of the present patent, and specific meanings of the terms described above may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of a soil preparation device for deep scarification of sugarcane field according to the present invention is shown, which comprises a frame 100, a deep scarification plow set 200 for deep scarification of sugarcane ridges and plowing of sugarcane roots, a scarification assembly 300 for scarification and breaking of sugarcane heads, and a ridging assembly 400 for ridging of sugarcane ridges, wherein the deep scarification plow set 200, the scarification assembly 300 and the ridging assembly 400 are all mounted on the frame 100, the scarification assembly 300 is disposed behind the deep scarification plow set, and the ridging assembly 400 is mounted on both sides of the scarification assembly 300.
In the deep scarification soil preparation device for sugarcane fields, deep scarification is carried out on sugarcane ridges and sugarcane roots are plowed to the deep scarification plow set 200 in the advancing process, then the scarification assembly 300 rotates to complete scarification and damage on sugarcane heads, so that the sugarcane heads are prevented from sprouting in the next year to affect the production of newly planted sugarcane in the next year, meanwhile, ridge forming assemblies 400 positioned on two sides of the scarification assembly 300 are installed to ridge the deep scarification and the scarification of the sugarcane heads, and after ridge forming, pesticide application, fertilization and sugarcane seed discharging can be carried out on the furrows, so that the displacement planting of the furrows is realized.
In one embodiment, the opposite subsoiler group 200 comprises a first plow group 201 and a second plow group 202 which are symmetrically arranged, the first plow group 201 and the second plow group 202 have the same structure and comprise plow posts 203 and coulters connected to one ends of the plow posts 203, and the other ends of the plow posts 203 are connected to the frame 100; the first plow set 201 and the second plow set 202 cooperate to complete the corresponding deep scarification and root plowing operations of the sugarcane ridge. Since in actual production, the planting row spacing of the sugarcane is affected by various factors such as the variety of sugarcane and the geographical environment of planting, the embodiment can set a plurality of fixing holes arranged side by side on the frame 100, and the facing distance between the first plow set 201 and the second plow set 202 is adjusted within the range of 0.6 m-1.4 m by fixing the plow standard 203 in the different fixing holes.
In order to effectively improve the efficiency and effect of deep scarification and soil preparation, the coulter of the present embodiment includes a first coulter 204 and a second coulter 205, wherein the first coulter 204 and the second coulter 205 are both mounted on the plow pole 203, and the second coulter 205 is connected to the bottom of the first coulter 204 to form an L-shaped structure. Specifically: the first coulter 204 is of a hollow triangular prism structure, the hollow triangular prism structure is arranged on the side part of the plow pole 203 through a mounting handle, the front side edge of the hollow triangular prism structure is processed to form a first blade 206, and the length of the first blade 206 can be adjusted within the range of 25 cm-40 cm according to the height of the sugarcane ridge; the second coulter 205 is designed into an asymmetric V-shaped structure and comprises a main coulter 207 and an auxiliary coulter 208, the main coulter 207 and the auxiliary coulter 208 are all arranged at the bottom of the colter 203, the second blade 209 is arranged at the front part of the main coulter 207, the third blade 210 is arranged at the front part of the auxiliary coulter 208, the third blade 210 is arranged at the front side of the second blade 209, the third blade 210 protrudes out of the second blade 2094 cm-6 cm, the auxiliary coulter 208 is arranged as an oblique blade bar-shaped coulter, the auxiliary coulter 208 enters soil earlier than the main coulter 207, the soil entering resistance can be reduced, and the deep scarification and soil preparation efficiency can be improved. The main coulter 207 and the auxiliary coulter 208 are connected to the bottom of the plow standard 203 through a mounting plate 211, the upper planes of the main coulter 207 and the auxiliary coulter 208 are positioned on the same plane, and the upper planes incline forward and inward, and an included angle of 10 degrees to 30 degrees is formed between the upper planes and the horizontal plane. The main coulter 207 and the auxiliary coulter 208 are all obliquely arranged, so that soil can be conveniently penetrated, and the deep scarification and soil preparation efficiency can be improved.
In one embodiment, the pulling and loosening assembly 300 comprises a driving mechanism 301, a transmission shaft 302, a pulling and loosening wheel 303 and pulling and loosening teeth 304, wherein the transmission shaft 302 is connected to the driving mechanism 301, the transmission shaft 302 is connected to the center of the pulling and loosening wheel 303 in a penetrating way, and the pulling and loosening teeth 304 are arranged around the outer wall of the pulling and loosening wheel 303. In the embodiment, when the sugarcane harvester is implemented, the driving mechanism 301 drives the driving shaft 302 to rotate, and the driving shaft 302 drives the loosening wheel 303 and the loosening teeth 304 arranged on the outer wall of the loosening wheel 303 to rotate, so that the sugarcane heads are loosened and destroyed, and the sugarcane heads are prevented from sprouting in the next year to affect the production of newly planted sugarcane. In this embodiment, three rows of loosening teeth 304 may be disposed on the outer wall of the loosening wheel 303, each row of loosening teeth 304 is uniformly disposed on the outer wall of the loosening wheel 303 in a surrounding manner, two rows of loosening teeth 304 on the edge are equal in length and disposed in a one-to-one opposite manner, and the middle row of loosening teeth 304 is shorter than the two rows of loosening teeth 304 on the edge in length and is disposed in a staggered manner with respect to the two rows of loosening teeth 304. However, the number, length and position of the loosening teeth 304 are preferably set to improve the loosening effect of the loosening teeth 304 on the sugarcane heads, and are not limited thereto, and may be adjusted and set according to the actual application.
In one embodiment, the ridging assembly 400 comprises two groups of ridging plates 401 which are symmetrically arranged, the two groups of ridging plates 401 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the loosening wheel 303 respectively, the distance between the two groups of ridging plates 401 is gradually increased along the advancing direction of the sugarcane soil deep loosening and preparing device, and the specific distance size can be adjusted according to the width of the required sugarcane ridge. The two groups of ridging plates 401 of the embodiment are in an splayed structure, ridge ridging is carried out on the deep-loosening and loosening sugarcane ridges by narrowing the width along the advancing direction, the ridging effect can be improved, the application of pesticide and fertilizer and the sowing of sugarcane seeds in the furrows are facilitated, and the displacement planting of the sugarcane ridge changing furrows is realized. In order to adapt to the ridging operation of different sugarcane ridges, the ridging plate 401 and the frame 100 can be movably connected, and the opposite distance between two groups of ridging plates 401 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the ridging plate 401 on the frame 100. In order to further improve the ridging effect, the center line of the ridging plate and the first blade can be arranged on the same cross section of the frame.
In one embodiment, the opposing subsoiler blade 200, the ripper assembly 300, and the ridging assembly 400 are at least two groups. By means of the arrangement, the multiple groups of opposite subsoiling plow groups 200, the loosening assemblies 300 and the ridging assemblies 400 work simultaneously, and the simultaneous subsoiling, soil preparation and ridging operations of multiple sugarcane ridge rows are achieved, so that the soil preparation operation efficiency of sugarcane fields is effectively improved, and the operation cost is reduced.
In one embodiment, the frame 100 is provided with a mounting 500 for attachment to a tractor. The sugarcane field subsoiling and soil preparation device of the embodiment is arranged on a tractor through the mounting seat 500, and the tractor drives the sugarcane field subsoiling and soil preparation device to advance, so that labor is saved, and the soil preparation operation efficiency is improved. In this embodiment, the mounting seat 500 includes three sets of brackets 501, one ends of the three sets of brackets 501 are connected to form a mounting portion 502 connected to the tractor, and the other ends of the three sets of brackets 501 are respectively connected to three different fulcrums on the brackets 501, where the three fulcrums can be connected to form an equilateral triangle. However, the mounting base 500 is preferably provided for better mounting convenience and connection stability, and is not limited thereto.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.

Claims (3)

1. The sugarcane field subsoiling and soil preparation device is characterized by comprising a frame (100), a subtended subsoiling plow set (200) for subsoiling sugarcane ridges and plowing sugarcane roots, a loosening component (300) for loosening and destroying sugarcane heads and a ridging component (400) for ridging sugarcane ridges, wherein the subtended subsoiling plow set (200), the loosening component (300) and the ridging component (400) are all arranged on the frame (100), the loosening component (300) is arranged at the rear of the subtended subsoiling plow set (200), and the ridging component (400) is arranged at two sides of the loosening component (300); the opposite subsoiler group (200) comprises a first plough group (201) and a second plough group (202) which are symmetrically arranged, the first plough group (201) and the second plough group (202) have the same structure, the opposite subsoiler group comprises a plough column (203) and a plough blade connected to one end of the plough column (203), and the other end of the plough column (203) is connected to the frame (100); the coulter comprises a first coulter (204) and a second coulter (205), wherein the first coulter (204) and the second coulter (205) are both arranged on a colter (203), and the second coulter (205) is connected to the bottom of the first coulter (204) to form an L-shaped structure; the first coulter (204) is of a hollow triangular prism structure, the hollow triangular prism structure is arranged on the side part of the plow standard (203) through a mounting handle, and one side edge of the hollow triangular prism structure is processed to form a first cutting edge (206); the second coulter (205) comprises a main coulter (207) and an auxiliary coulter (208), the main coulter (207) and the auxiliary coulter (208) are both arranged at the bottom of the plow standard (203), the front part of the main coulter (207) is provided with a second cutting edge (209), the front part of the auxiliary coulter (208) is provided with a third cutting edge (210), and the third cutting edge (210) is arranged at the front side of the second cutting edge (209); the main coulter (207) and the auxiliary coulter (208) are connected to the bottom of the plow standard (203) through a mounting plate (211), and the upper planes of the main coulter (207) and the auxiliary coulter (208) are positioned on the same plane; the pulling-out assembly (300) comprises a driving mechanism (301), a transmission shaft (302), a pulling-out wheel (303) and pulling-out teeth (304), wherein the transmission shaft (302) is connected to the driving mechanism (301) and the transmission shaft (302) is connected to the center of the pulling-out wheel (303) in a penetrating way, and the pulling-out teeth (304) are arranged around the outer wall of the pulling-out wheel (303); the ridging assembly (400) comprises two groups of ridging plates (401) which are symmetrically arranged, the two groups of ridging plates (401) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the loosening wheel (303) respectively, and the distance between the two groups of ridging plates (401) is gradually increased along the advancing direction of the sugarcane soil deep loosening and preparing device; the opposite subsoiler group (200), the pulling and loosening assembly (300) and the ridging assembly (400) are at least two groups.
2. The sugarcane soil deep scarification and preparation device according to claim 1, wherein the upper plane and the horizontal plane are provided with an included angle of 10-30 degrees.
3. The sugarcane soil deep scarification and preparation device according to claim 1, wherein a mounting base (500) connected with a tractor is arranged on the frame (100).
CN201910713045.6A 2019-08-02 2019-08-02 Sugarcane field subsoiling soil preparation device Active CN110249730B (en)

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CN110249730B true CN110249730B (en) 2024-05-31

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Title
甘蔗地深松旋耕联合作业机的调整、使用与保养;黄敞 等;《使用维护》;20141031(第5期);论文全文 *

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