CN110247565B - 级联型多电平变换器直流电容最小化方法 - Google Patents

级联型多电平变换器直流电容最小化方法 Download PDF

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CN110247565B
CN110247565B CN201910547850.6A CN201910547850A CN110247565B CN 110247565 B CN110247565 B CN 110247565B CN 201910547850 A CN201910547850 A CN 201910547850A CN 110247565 B CN110247565 B CN 110247565B
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郭小强
王超哲
白宇
卢志刚
王宝诚
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Yanshan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种级联型多电平变换器直流电容最小化方法，该控制方法在电容电压均衡的基础上，通过能量守恒定律对电路中的电路直流侧电容电压瞬时值进行估计，使用比例谐振控制器对并网电流控制，可实现并网电流的无静差调节，使级联型多电平变换器可以在小电容模式运行，大大减小***体积，降低***成本，易于控制实现，且电容电压无超调、***快速性好。

Description

级联型多电平变换器直流电容最小化方法
技术领域
本发明属于电力电子技术领域，具体地涉及一种级联型多电平变换器直流电容最小化方法。
背景技术
级联型H桥多电平变换器，通常包括滤波电感L和N个H桥，每个H桥的由四个开关管Sn1-Sn4,(n＝1,2,...N)和直流侧电容C组成。由于其可模块化、降低开关损耗的同时保持优异的谐波性能、中压应用领域中不需要升压变压器等优点广泛应用于工业领域。级联型H桥多电平变换器应用到级联型多电平变换器中时，直流侧需要悬浮电容为***提供能量。对于一般的级联型多电平变换器***而言，为了保证直流侧电容电压的稳定，在成本体积允许的前提下，一般会尽可能选取较大的电容容值来减小***因与电网进行无功能量交换而在直流侧形成的电压脉动，通常电解电容可满足大容值的要求，然而电解电容的寿命短、耐压相对低，因此工业界通常使用薄膜电容。但是相对于电解电容，薄膜电容的功率密度较低，成本高，所以在相同容值的情况下，使用薄膜电容会增加***成本和体积，容值越大，电容成本越高且电容体积越大。随着工业领域对***功率密度的要求越来越高，亟需一种小电容级联型多电平变换器***。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种级联型多电平变换器直流电容最小化方法，用以降低级联型H桥多电平变换器直流侧悬浮电容值，所述级联型多电平变换器，包括滤波电感L和N个H桥，每个H桥由四个开关管Sn1-Sn4,(n＝1,2,...N)和直流侧电容C组成。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明公开一种级联型多电平变换器直流电容最小化方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：测量所述级联型多电平变换器每个H桥的电容电压初始值Vn0(n＝1,2,...,N)和并网电流ig，再利用无功电流检测算法，得到无功电流给定信号Iqref；
步骤2：在电容电压均衡时，N个H桥的电容电压瞬时估计值相等，即Vc1＝Vc2＝Vc3＝...＝VcN，根据公式1获得每个H桥电容电压瞬时估计值Vcn(n＝1,2,...,N)：
Figure GDA0002151587190000021
公式(1)中：C为级联型多电平变换器***中每个H桥的电容值，Vn0(n＝1,2,...,N)为级联型多电平变换器***中每个H桥的电容电压初始值，L为级联型多电平变换器***中的总的电感值，ig为级联型多电平变换器***并网电流值，vg为级联型多电平变换器***电网电压值，t0为级联型多电平变换器***初始时刻，t为级联型多电平变换器***当前时刻。
利用能量守恒定律，根据所述级联型多电平变换器***可列出方程：
Figure GDA0002151587190000022
由该方程即可得到所述公式(1)。
步骤3：每个H桥电容电压瞬时估计值Vcn(n＝1,2,...,N)乘以H桥总个数N获得N*Vcn，作为电压控制环比例谐振(PR)控制器的参考信号，每个H桥电容电压瞬时值之和：∑ucn＝uc1+uc2+uc3+...+ucN，作为电压控制环PR控制器的负反馈信号；参考信号N*Vcn减去负反馈信号uc1+uc2+uc3+...+ucN即为电压控制环PR控制器的输入；
将电压控制环PR控制器的输出结果乘以逻辑信号g获得电压控制环PR控制器的输出信号Idref；当电网电压和并网电流同向时，即指电网电压和并网电流同时为正值或者电网电压和并网电流同时为负值时，，所述逻辑信号g为1，当电网电压和并网电流反向时，即指电网电压为正值电网电流为负值或者电网电压为负值电网电流为正值时，所述逻辑信号g为-1。
步骤4：将无功电流给定信号Iqref减去电压控制环PR控制器的输出信号Idref，再减去并网电流ig作为电流控制环PR控制器的输入，得到电流控制环PR控制器的输出调制信号uref；
步骤5：N个H桥电容电压瞬时值的总和∑ucn除以H桥总个数N获得电容电压瞬时值的均值
Figure GDA0002151587190000023
减去每个H桥电容电压瞬时值∑ucn作为电容电压均衡控制环比例积分(PI)控制器的输入信号；
并网电流ig除以并网电流峰值获得调节信号S；
电容电压均衡控制环PI控制器的输出信号乘以调节信号S获得微调信号Δuref-n；
步骤6：电流控制环PR控制器输出的调制信号uref加上电容电压平衡控制环PI控制器输出的微调信号Δuref-n，得到级联型多电平变换器***的调制信号uref-n，该信号经过PWM发生器产生控制H桥开关管的驱动信号，控制开关管Sn1-Sn4的通断。
优选的，所述PR控制器的传递函数为
Figure GDA0002151587190000031
其中，kp为比例放大系数，kR为谐振系数，ω0为谐振角频率。
上述控制方法，在补偿无功电流的情况下，可以实现电容电压与电网电压同向波动，保证在直流侧电容电压始终大于电网电压的同时，提高电容电压波动范围，从而降低电容容值。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)该控制方法电容电压暂态过程无超调，暂态过程短，***快速性好，***可以在直流侧电容值相对较小的情况下正常运行；
(2)控制方法原理简单易于实现。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的级联型多电平变换器原理图；
图2为图1中的控制方法原理图；
图3为H桥直流侧电容电压与电网电压绝对值波形示意图；
图4为电网电流波形图；
图5为电网电流进行FFT分析后的结果示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细具体的说明。
本实施例在MATLAB/Simulink2013a环境下，对本发明提出的级联型多电平变换器直流电容最小化方法进行了仿真，所述级联型多电平变换器原理图如图1所示，包括电感L和N个H桥，其中H桥包括直流侧电容C和开关管Sn1-Sn4,(n＝1,2,...N)。在本实施例的仿真中N＝3，即使用了3个H桥，仿真参数如下表1所示：
表1仿真参数
Figure GDA0002151587190000032
Figure GDA0002151587190000041
图2为本发明的控制方法原理图，包括电容电压均衡控制环PI控制器、电压PR控制器和直流PR控制器和载波相移PMW。
步骤1：H桥的电容电压初始值Vn0(n＝1,2,3)设为100V，仿真中无功电流给定信号Iqref＝10cos(θ)(θ＝0～2π)；
步骤2：在电容电压均衡的基础上，3个H桥的电容电压瞬时估计值相等，即Vc1＝Vc2＝Vc3，可根据公式1获得每个H桥电容电压瞬时估计值Vcn(n＝1,2,3)。
步骤3：每个H桥电容电压瞬时估计值Vcn(n＝1,2,3)乘以H桥总个数3获得3*Vcn，作为电压控制环PR控制器的参考信号，每个H桥电容电压瞬时值之和：∑ucn＝uc1+uc2+uc3，作为电压控制环PR控制器的反馈信号；
参考信号3*Vcn(n＝1,2,3)减去反馈信号uc1+uc2+uc3作为电压控制环PR控制器的输入；
将电压控制环PR控制器的输出乘以逻辑信号g获得电压控制环PR控制器输出信号Idref；当电网电压和并网电流同向时，逻辑信号g为1，当电网电压和并网电流反向时，逻辑信号g为-1。
PR控制器的传递函数为
Figure GDA0002151587190000042
其中kp比例放大系数，kR为谐振系数，ω0谐振角频率，电压控制环的PR控制器参数分别为kp＝0.01，kR＝0.8，电流控制环的PR控制器参数分别为kp＝0.5，kR＝200。
步骤4：将无功电流给定信号Iqref减去电压控制环PR控制器的输出信号Idref，再减去并网电流ig作为电流控制环PR控制器的输入，电流控制环PR控制器的输出为调制信号uref；
步骤5：3个H桥电容电压瞬时值的总和∑ucn除以H桥总个数N获得电容电压瞬时值的均值
Figure GDA0002151587190000043
Figure GDA0002151587190000044
减去每个H桥电容电压瞬时值ucn作为电容电压均衡控制环PI控制器的输入信号；
并网电流ig除以并网电流峰值获得调节信号S；电容电压均衡控制环PI控制器的输出信号乘以调节信号S获得微调信号Δuref-n；
步骤6：电流控制环PR控制器输出的调制信号uref加上电容电压均衡控制环输出的微调信号Δuref-n，获得级联型多电平变换器***的调制信号uref-n，然后再经过PWM发生器产生驱动信号以驱动开关管。本实施例采用载波相移调制产生驱动信号，控制简单，易于数字实现。
电容电压均衡的情况下，H桥直流侧电容电压与电网电压绝对值波形如图3所示，电网电流波形如图4所示。
对图4中的电网电流进行FFT分析，结果如图5所示，电网电流THD＝2.85％，符合电能质量国家标准14549-1993。
在相同参数下，经过理论计算，采用控制电容电压的平均值的传统方案，所需电容值约为1.4mF，本发明提出的方案中电容值为60μF就可满足***需求，明显降低了电容值，且电容电压无超调、***快速性好。
综上，本发明提供了一种级联型多电平变换器直流电容最小化方法，使用比例谐振控制器对并网电流控制，可实现并网电流的无静差调节，使联型多电平变换器可以在小电容模式运行，大大减小***体积，降低***成本，易于控制实现，且电容电压无超调、***快速性好；另外，***在小电容模式运行时***可补偿电流范围能够满足***需求，输出电流质量和电容电压控制均能达到理想的控制目标。
最后应说明的是：以上所述的各实施例仅用于说明本发明技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种级联型多电平变换器直流电容最小化方法，其特征在于：该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：测量每个H桥的电容电压初始值Vn0(n＝1,2,...,N)和并网电流ig，再利用无功电流检测算法，得到无功电流给定信号Iqref；
步骤2：在电容电压均衡时，N个H桥的电容电压瞬时估计值相等，即Vc1＝Vc2＝Vc3＝...＝VcN，H桥电容电压瞬时估计值表达式为：
Figure FDA0002391673750000011
计算得到H桥电容电压瞬时估计值Vcn(n＝1,2,...,N)的值；
所述H桥电容电压瞬时估计值表达式中：C为级联型多电平变换器***中每个H桥的电容值，V10,V20,…,VN0为所述步骤1中测量的每个H桥的电容电压初始值Vn0(n＝1,2,...,N)，L为级联型多电平变换器***中的总的电感值，ig为级联型多电平变换器***并网电流值，vg为级联型多电平变换器***电网电压值，t0为级联型多电平变换器***初始时刻，t为级联型多电平变换器***当前时刻；
步骤3：以Vcn(n＝1,2,...,N)乘以H桥总个数N获得N*Vcn，∑ucn＝uc1+uc2+uc3+...+ucN为H桥电容电压瞬时值之和，N*Vcn减去∑ucn作为电压控制环PR控制器的输入；
当电网电压和并网电流同向时，逻辑信号g为1，当电网电压和并网电流反向时，所述逻辑信号g为-1；
将电压控制环PR控制器的输出乘以逻辑信号g获得信号Idref；
步骤4：将无功电流给定信号Iqref减去信号Idref，再减去并网电流ig作为电流控制环PR控制器的输入，输出为调制信号uref；
步骤5：N个H桥电容电压瞬时值的总和∑ucn除以H桥总个数N获得电容电压瞬时值的均值
Figure FDA0002391673750000012
分别减去每个H桥电容电压瞬时值ucn分别作为每个电容电压均衡控制环PI控制器的输入信号；
并网电流ig除以并网电流峰值获得调节信号S；
电容电压均衡控制环PI控制器的输出信号乘以调节信号S获得微调信号Δuref-n；以及
步骤6：电流控制环PR控制器输出的调制信号uref加上电容电压均衡控制环PI控制器输出的微调信号Δuref-n，得到调制信号uref-n，该信号经过PWM发生器产生控制H桥开关管的驱动信号，控制开关管Sn1-Sn4的通断。
2.根据权利要求1所述的级联型多电平变换器直流电容最小化方法，其特征在于：所述PR控制器的传递函数为
Figure FDA0002391673750000021
其中，kp为比例放大系数，kR为谐振系数，ω0为谐振角频率。
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