CN110241607B - Apparatus and method for laser irradiation guided fiber application precursor coating - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for laser irradiation guided fiber application precursor coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN110241607B CN110241607B CN201910366011.4A CN201910366011A CN110241607B CN 110241607 B CN110241607 B CN 110241607B CN 201910366011 A CN201910366011 A CN 201910366011A CN 110241607 B CN110241607 B CN 110241607B
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- D06B15/00—Removing liquids, gases or vapours from textile materials in association with treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours
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- D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
- D06B3/02—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fibres, slivers or rovings
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Abstract
The invention discloses equipment and a method for leading fiber to be coated with a precursor coating by laser irradiation, wherein the equipment comprises a fiber desizing device, a fiber beam expanding device and a laser irradiation device; the invention can heat and compound the fiber and thermoplastic or thermosetting material after the fiber is irradiated by laser under the non-vacuum condition, can enhance the comprehensive mechanical property of the carbon fiber composite material, and can rapidly finish annealing and solidification by introducing cooling inert protective gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to equipment and a method for guiding fiber to be coated with a precursor coating through laser irradiation, and belongs to the technical field of fiber manufacturing.
Background
Coating on the surface of the fiber is an important method for carrying out composite modification on the fiber. The coating can effectively improve the fiber interface and make up for the defects on the fiber surface, so that the fiber has higher mechanical properties such as strength, modulus and the like. The coating may also provide the fiber with properties not otherwise available, such as: insulating property, conductive property, high temperature resistance, hydrophobic property and the like. In addition, the coating can effectively protect the core material of the fiber, so that the fiber has wider application range and longer service life.
At present, the following methods are commonly used for coating fibers: chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Chemical Vapor Reaction (CVR), Powder Sintering (PS), and precursor conversion (3P). However, the disadvantages of these methods are obvious. The CVD method and CVR method require high temperature and high pressure for forming the coating, which are harsh in terms of production conditions and production processes. In addition, the flow rate of the gas phase reactants, and the flow path through the fiber surface, are difficult to design and control with precision. The PS method also needs high temperature conditions, the binding force of the coating produced by the PS method is insufficient, the coating is easy to fall off, and the coating raw materials between the fibers are easy to adhere after high temperature reaction. The precursor conversion method (3P method) is a preparation technique which has been newly developed in recent years. High temperature, oxygen-free conditions are also required to carry out the reaction. In addition, there is a process of modifying by irradiation crosslinking using a nuclear radiation source or an electron accelerator to form a coating, but the process by the nuclear radiation source or the electron accelerator has a safety hazard and is expensive. There are also some common disadvantages to the above methods: such as: the reaction products will not only adhere as a coating to the fiber surface, but also to the inner walls of the reaction chamber. This makes it necessary to clean the reaction chamber after a certain number of production runs, which wastes reaction raw materials and adds unnecessary steps to the production.
Since the birth of laser, countless traditional industry processes have been changed. The laser has the characteristics of high brightness, high collimation, high energy density, high monochromaticity and the like. Since the invention, the laser has been developed rapidly, and the laser which can be produced at present can emit light from the extreme ultraviolet band (0.15 nm) to the millimeter wave band from the view point of the spectrum band. However, the deep-space ultraviolet (10nm-200nm) band is not suitable for coating processing because it can be absorbed by any substance. A common laser band encompasses the band from 300nm to 11um, and high power lasers can be produced in this band.
The nature of laser light is an electromagnetic wave, having a wave-particle duality. We can see the laser as a photon stream, which is not distinguished from the high energy electron beam in nature. And can therefore be used for radiation modification of materials. And the laser has low manufacturing cost, small size, convenient use and no radiation hazard, and can be used for replacing a radiation source and an electron accelerator.
In patent publication nos.: CN 105237791B, "a method for preparing cladding coating on the surface of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material by using laser assisted SHS process", describes the pretreatment of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material. And flatly paving the cladding powder on the surface of the treated carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material, compacting the cladding powder, and irradiating in a vacuum chamber. The method needs to be carried out under the vacuum working condition, and also needs the steps of sanding the carbon fiber by using sand paper, cleaning the carbon fiber by using absolute ethyl alcohol and the like, so that the operation is complicated.
In patent publication nos.: CN 108560243a "a method and application for surface treatment of carbon fibers" is known from similar technical solutions. Both of the above-mentioned publications use a single angle of incidence of the laser beam for irradiation, and suffer from several disadvantages:
1. the penetration of laser is poor, and the powder compacted on the surface of the fiber is difficult to uniformly receive the irradiation of laser, so that the formed coating has non-uniformity.
2. Only one side of the fiber is irradiated and the powder on the back side of the laser is not amenable to irradiation to form a stable coating.
3. The fiber-to-fiber adhesion is easy to form due to the possible existence of coating powder, and the strength of the fiber is seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention discloses equipment and a method for coating a precursor coating on a fiber by laser irradiation guiding, aiming at the conditions that the traditional fiber coating treatment has insufficient binding force and is easy to fall off, and the coating raw materials between the fiber are easy to adhere through high-temperature reaction. According to the invention, under a non-vacuum condition, after the fiber is subjected to laser irradiation at an upper vertical incidence angle and a lower vertical incidence angle, the fiber and a thermoplastic or thermosetting material can be heated and compounded, the comprehensive mechanical property of the carbon fiber composite material can be enhanced, and annealing and solidification can be rapidly completed by introducing cooling inert protective gas.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses equipment and a method for leading fiber to be coated with a precursor coating by laser irradiation, wherein the equipment comprises a fiber desizing device, a fiber beam expanding device and a laser irradiation device; the fiber desizing device is provided with a centrifugal rotating drum and a pulp blocking machine shell, and the centrifugal rotating drum is fixed at the central position in the pulp blocking machine shell; the fiber beam expanding device is provided with a beam expanding cylinder and a fiber collecting cylinder, and the beam expanding cylinder and the fiber collecting cylinder are arranged on the same horizontal plane at intervals in parallel;
the laser irradiation device comprises a laser generator, a light source beam splitting mechanism, an optical fiber, a first light beam adjusting mechanism, a second light beam adjusting mechanism and a closed chamber;
the top of the closed chamber is provided with an air inlet, the bottom of the closed chamber is provided with an air outlet, the air inlet and the air outlet are arranged in a diagonal manner and are filled with cooling inert protective gas, and a first conveying roller and a second conveying roller are arranged in parallel at intervals on the same horizontal plane in the central area in the closed chamber; the first conveying roller and the second conveying roller are wound with fibers to be irradiated, and a first light beam adjusting mechanism and a second light beam adjusting mechanism are respectively arranged above and below the fibers to be irradiated in the closed chamber at equal intervals;
the laser generator sends laser to the light source beam splitting mechanism, and the light source beam splitting mechanism transmits the laser with the same energy to the first light beam adjusting mechanism and the second light beam adjusting mechanism respectively through optical fibers.
The cooling inert protective gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia gas or argon, and the cooling temperature is 15-50 ℃. The fiber (10) to be irradiated is carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber or alumina fiber. The laser output wavelength range is 355nm-10.6um, the output power range is 10W-70W, and the energy density range is 1J/cm2-50J/cm2The light spots are distributed in a circular, rectangular or linear shape.
The method for guiding fiber coating precursor coating by laser irradiation comprises the following steps,
fiber impregnation: dipping a strand of the fiber of claim 3 into the proportioned precursor solution or precursor gel so that the surface of the fiber is completely covered with the precursor solution or precursor gel;
fiber desizing: uniformly surrounding the impregnated fibers on a centrifugal drum of the fiber desizing device according to claim 1, starting the fiber desizing device according to claim 1, and adjusting the centrifugal rotating speed to separate out the precursor solution or precursor gel adhered among the fibers;
fiber beam expanding: introducing the desized round strand fibers onto a bundle expanding cylinder of the fiber beam expanding device according to claim 1, so that the round strand fiber arrangement is expanded into a single-layer fiber sheet-like arrangement and wound on a fiber collecting cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the single-sheet arrangement has a width D;
laser parameter selection: selecting the output wavelength lambda, the output power P and the light spot area S of the laser according to the proportioning component W of the precursor solution or precursor gel, the reaction temperature T thereof, the width D of the fiber after expansion and the temperature resistance thereof, and determining the energy density X;
laser irradiation: filling the cooling inert protective gas as described in claims 1-2 into the closed chamber, inputting laser parameters to start the laser generator as described in claim 1, and performing laser irradiation curing on the single-layer fiber wound on the forward rotating conveying roller from the upper vertical incidence angle and the lower vertical incidence angle by using the first light beam adjusting mechanism and the second light beam adjusting mechanism as described in claim 1 to form a coating;
annealing the coating: and after the laser irradiation of the coating of the single-layer fiber is finished, closing the laser generator, continuously introducing cooling inert protective gas, and reversely rotating the conveying roller to allow the cooling inert protective gas to take away the temperature of the fiber coating so as to finish the annealing and curing of the coating.
The desizing centrifugal rotating speed is 60r/min-1500 r/min. The width of the single-chip arrangement is 2cm-60 cm. The rotating speed of the transmission roller is 1cm/min-200 cm/min.
The invention realizes the uniform irradiation of the fiber ring surface by regulating and controlling the laser light path, and improves the irradiation uniformity; the reasonable selection of laser power, wavelength, energy density and irradiation area can make the reactant uniformly absorb laser irradiation. The reasonable arrangement of the arrangement mode of the irradiated fibers and the reasonable regulation and control of the conveying device achieve the purpose that the coating is not adhered. The pretreatment of the fiber is adopted, so that the surface of the fiber is uniformly coated with the coating and adhesion is not formed.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides equipment and a method for guiding fiber coating precursor coating by laser irradiation, which are low in energy consumption and low in cost by irradiating the surface of the fiber by using laser. The laser beam splitting mechanism can irradiate from the upper direction and the lower direction of the fiber, and the irradiation uniformity is further improved. The laser irradiation treatment of the fiber ensures that no adhesion is formed between the coatings and the fiber strength is not influenced. The fiber and the coating which can be irradiated are wide, different lasers and laser emitting patterns can be selected according to different requirements of the coating, and the uniformity and the maturity of irradiation are ensured. The inert protective gas is cooled to replace the vacuum condition, so that the rigorous requirements of the process steps are reduced, the operation is simple and convenient, the degree of fiber surface treatment can be controlled, the production efficiency is improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. After laser irradiation treatment, the mechanical properties of the fiber are remarkably excellent, and particularly the impact resistance is remarkably improved. The fiber surface laser irradiation device has the advantages of extremely low energy consumption, no three-waste discharge, environmental friendliness, replacement of vacuum conditions by protective gas and reduction of the harsh requirements of process steps.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a fiber desizing apparatus of the present invention. Among them are: a pulp blocking machine shell a and a centrifugal rotating drum b.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a fiber beam expander apparatus of the present invention. Among them are: a beam expanding cylinder k and a fiber collecting cylinder s.
Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a laser irradiation apparatus of the present invention. Among them are: the device comprises a laser generator 1, a light source beam splitting mechanism 2, an optical fiber 3, an air inlet 4, an air outlet 5, a first light beam adjusting mechanism 6, a second light beam adjusting mechanism 7, a first conveying roller 8, a second conveying roller 9, a fiber to be irradiated 10 and a sealed chamber 11.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects and features of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention discloses equipment and a method for leading fiber to be coated with a precursor coating by laser irradiation, wherein the equipment comprises a fiber desizing device, a fiber beam expanding device and a laser irradiation device; the fiber desizing device is provided with a centrifugal rotating drum and a pulp blocking machine shell, and the centrifugal rotating drum is fixed at the central position in the pulp blocking machine shell; the fiber beam expanding device is provided with a beam expanding cylinder and a fiber collecting cylinder, and the beam expanding cylinder and the fiber collecting cylinder are arranged on the same horizontal plane at intervals in parallel;
the laser irradiation device comprises a laser generator 1, a light source beam splitting mechanism 2, an optical fiber 3, a first light beam adjusting mechanism 6, a second light beam adjusting mechanism 7 and a sealed chamber 11;
wherein the top of the closed chamber 11 is provided with an air inlet 4, the bottom of the closed chamber is provided with an air outlet 5, the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are arranged in a diagonal line and are filled with cooling inert protective gas, and a first conveying roller 8 and a second conveying roller 9 are arranged in parallel at intervals on the same horizontal plane in the central area inside the closed chamber 11; the first conveying roller 8 and the second conveying roller 9 are wound with fibers 10 to be irradiated, and a first light beam adjusting mechanism 6 and a second light beam adjusting mechanism 7 are respectively arranged above and below the fibers 10 to be irradiated in the closed chamber at equal intervals;
the laser generator 1 sends laser to the light source beam splitting mechanism 2, and the light source beam splitting mechanism 2 transmits the laser with the same energy to the first light beam adjusting mechanism 6 and the second light beam adjusting mechanism 7 through the optical fiber 3.
The cooling inert protective gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia gas or argon, and the cooling temperature is 15-50 ℃. The fiber (10) to be irradiated is carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber or alumina fiber. The laser output wavelength range is 355nm-10.6um, the output power range is 10W-70W, and the energy density range is 1J/cm2-50J/cm2The light spots are distributed in a circular, rectangular or linear shape.
A method for guiding fiber coating precursor coating by laser irradiation comprises the following steps,
fiber impregnation: dipping a strand of the fiber of claim 3 into the proportioned precursor solution or precursor gel so that the surface of the fiber is completely covered with the precursor solution or precursor gel;
fiber desizing: uniformly surrounding the impregnated fibers on a centrifugal drum of the fiber desizing device according to claim 1, starting the fiber desizing device according to claim 1, and adjusting the centrifugal rotating speed to separate out the precursor solution or precursor gel adhered among the fibers;
fiber beam expanding: introducing the desized round strand fibers onto a bundle expanding cylinder of the fiber beam expanding device according to claim 1, so that the round strand fiber arrangement is expanded into a single-layer fiber sheet-like arrangement and wound on a fiber collecting cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the single-sheet arrangement has a width D;
laser parameter selection: selecting the output wavelength lambda, the output power P and the light spot area S of the laser according to the proportioning component W of the precursor solution or precursor gel, the reaction temperature T thereof, the width D of the fiber after expansion and the temperature resistance thereof, and determining the energy density X;
laser irradiation: filling the cooling inert protective gas as described in claims 1-2 into the closed chamber, inputting laser parameters to start the laser generator as described in claim 1, and performing laser irradiation curing on the single-layer fiber wound on the forward rotating conveying roller from the upper vertical incidence angle and the lower vertical incidence angle by using the first light beam adjusting mechanism and the second light beam adjusting mechanism as described in claim 1 to form a coating;
annealing the coating: and after the laser irradiation of the coating of the single-layer fiber is finished, closing the laser generator, continuously introducing cooling inert protective gas, and reversely rotating the conveying roller to allow the cooling inert protective gas to take away the temperature of the fiber coating so as to finish the annealing and curing of the coating.
The desizing centrifugal rotating speed is 60r/min-1500 r/min. The width of the single-chip arrangement is 2cm-60 cm. The rotating speed of the transmission roller is 1cm/min-200 cm/min.
The invention realizes the coating of precursor coatings on the surfaces of various fibers by laser irradiation, and ensures that the strength of the fibers is not influenced by adhesion of the irradiated coatings through the pretreatment (dipping and desizing) of the fibers. The simultaneous irradiation from the upper side and the lower side of the fiber is realized through the laser beam splitting device, and the regulation and control of the irradiation maturity are realized through the light beam adjusting device. The cost and efficiency of the process steps is reduced by the introduction of the shielding gas. The composite fiber with uniform coating can be obtained.
Example 1:
the selected fiber is carbon fiber, and the coating precursor solution is silicon carbide precursor solution with the concentration of 35%. The selected carbon fibers were fully impregnated in a silicon carbide precursor solution. And then taking out the impregnated carbon fiber and uniformly winding the carbon fiber on a centrifugal rotary drum of a desizing device. And regulating the rotating speed of the centrifugal rotating drum to 800r/min, and desizing until no silicon carbide precursor solution is adhered between fibers. And taking out the desized fiber, adding the fiber into a beam expanding device, expanding the fiber bundle to 10cm of single-layer fiber, and uniformly winding the fiber bundle on a fiber collecting drum. And (3) placing the fiber collecting barrel wound with the pretreated fibers on a conveying roller in a closed chamber, and introducing nitrogen at the temperature of 15 ℃ from an air inlet of the closed chamber to serve as protective gas. The laser wavelength was chosen to be 355nm and the output power was 10W.
The output light spot is adjusted to be a rectangle with the width of 1cm and the length of 10cm, so that the rectangular light spot can just cover the fiber. The energy density at this time was 1J/cm2. And opening the laser, and vertically irradiating the fiber bundle by the laser from the upper direction and the lower direction through the beam splitting device. The speed of the transport roller was chosen to be 1 cm/min. After the irradiation is finished, the laser is closed, the transmission roller moves backwards at the speed of 20cm/min, and nitrogen with the temperature of 15 ℃ is continuously introduced until the fiber is wound on the fiber collection cylinder again.
Example 2:
the selected fiber is silicon carbide fiber, and the coating precursor solution is an alumina precursor solution with the concentration of 60%. The selected silicon carbide fibers were fully impregnated in the alumina precursor solution. Then the impregnated silicon carbide fiber is taken out and uniformly wound on a centrifugal rotary drum of a desizing device.
And regulating the rotating speed of the centrifugal rotating drum to 1200r/min, and desizing until no alumina precursor solution is adhered between fibers. And taking out the desized fiber, adding the fiber into a beam expanding device, expanding the fiber bundle to 50cm of single-layer fiber, and uniformly winding the fiber bundle on a fiber collecting drum. And (3) placing the fiber collecting barrel wound with the pretreated fibers on a conveying roller in a closed chamber, and introducing carbon dioxide with the temperature of 25 ℃ from an air inlet of the closed chamber to serve as protective gas. The laser wavelength was chosen to be 10.6um and the output power was 70W. The output light spot is adjusted to be linear with the length of 70cm, so that the linear light spot can just completely sweep the fiber. The energy density at this time was 50J/cm2. And opening the laser, and vertically irradiating the fiber bundle by the laser from the upper direction and the lower direction through the beam splitting device. The speed of the transport rollers was chosen to be 60 cm/min. After irradiation, the laser is turned off, the transmission roller moves backwards at the speed of 30cm/min, and carbon dioxide gas with the temperature of 25 ℃ is continuously introduced until the fiber is wound on the fiber collection cylinder again.
Example 3:
the selected fiber is alumina fiber, and the coating precursor solution is silicon carbide precursor solution with the concentration of 80%. The selected silicon carbide fibers were fully impregnated in the alumina precursor solution. Then the alumina fiber after dipping is taken out and evenly wound on a centrifugal rotary drum of a desizing device.
And regulating the rotating speed of the centrifugal rotating drum to be 1500r/min, and desizing until no silicon carbide precursor solution is adhered between fibers. And taking out the desized fiber, adding the fiber into a beam expanding device, expanding the fiber bundle to 20cm of single-layer fiber, and uniformly winding the fiber bundle on a fiber collecting drum. And (3) placing the fiber collecting barrel wound with the pretreated fibers on a conveying roller in a closed chamber, and introducing argon at the temperature of 50 ℃ from an air inlet of the closed chamber to serve as protective gas. The laser wavelength was chosen to be 1064nm and the output power was 60W. The output light spot is adjusted to be a rectangle with the width of 1cm and the length of 20cm, so that the rectangular light spot can just completely sweep the fiber. The energy density at this time was 3J/cm2. And opening the laser, and vertically irradiating the fiber bundle by the laser from the upper direction and the lower direction through the beam splitting device. The speed of the transport roller was chosen to be 10 cm/min. After irradiation, the laser is turned off, the transmission roller moves backwards at the speed of 50cm/min, and argon gas with the temperature of 50 ℃ is continuously introduced until the fiber is rewound on the fiber collection drum.
Example 4:
the selected fiber is carbon fiber, and the coating precursor solution is alumina precursor solution with the concentration of 15%. The selected carbon fibers were fully impregnated in a silicon carbide precursor solution. And then taking out the impregnated carbon fiber and uniformly winding the carbon fiber on a centrifugal rotary drum of a desizing device. And regulating the rotating speed of the centrifugal rotating drum to be 500r/min, and desizing until no alumina precursor solution is adhered between fibers.
And taking out the desized fiber, adding the fiber into a beam expanding device, expanding the fiber bundle to a single-layer fiber of 3cm, and uniformly winding the fiber bundle on a fiber collecting cylinder. And (3) placing the fiber collecting barrel wound with the pretreated fibers on a conveying roller in a closed chamber, and introducing nitrogen with the temperature of 30 ℃ from an air inlet of the closed chamber to serve as protective gas. The laser wavelength was chosen to be 1064nm and the output power was 30W. The output light spot is adjusted to be a rectangle with the width of 1cm and the length of 3cm, so that the rectangular light spot can just cover the fiber. The energy density at this time was 10J/cm2。
And opening the laser, and vertically irradiating the fiber bundle by the laser from the upper direction and the lower direction through the beam splitting device. The speed of the transport rollers was chosen to be 25 cm/min. After the irradiation is finished, the laser is closed, the transmission roller moves backwards at the speed of 20cm/min, and nitrogen with the temperature of 30 ℃ is continuously introduced until the fiber is wound on the fiber collection cylinder again.
Example 5:
the selected fiber is alumina fiber, and the coating precursor solution is alumina precursor solution with the concentration of 85 percent. The selected carbon fibers were fully impregnated in a silicon carbide precursor solution. And then taking out the impregnated carbon fiber and uniformly winding the carbon fiber on a centrifugal rotary drum of a desizing device. And regulating the rotating speed of the centrifugal rotating drum to be 1500r/min, and desizing until no alumina precursor solution is adhered between fibers. And taking out the desized fiber, adding the fiber into a beam expanding device, expanding the fiber bundle to 8cm of single-layer fiber, and uniformly winding the fiber bundle on a fiber collecting cylinder. And (3) placing the fiber collecting barrel wound with the pretreated fibers on a conveying roller in a closed chamber, and introducing carbon dioxide with the temperature of 20 ℃ from an air inlet of the closed chamber to serve as protective gas. The laser wavelength was chosen to be 1064nm and the output power was 60W. The output light spot is adjusted to be linear with the length of 8cm, so that the linear light spot can just completely sweep the fiber. The energy density at this time was 35J/cm2. And opening the laser, and vertically irradiating the fiber bundle by the laser from the upper direction and the lower direction through the beam splitting device. The speed of the transport rollers was chosen to be 15 cm/min. After the irradiation is finished, the laser is closed, the transmission roller moves reversely at the speed of 35cm/min, and the temperature is continuously introducedCarbon dioxide gas at 20c until the fibers were rewound on a fiber collection drum.
Example 6:
the selected fiber is silicon carbide fiber, and the coating precursor solution is silicon carbide precursor solution with the concentration of 40%. The selected silicon carbide fiber is fully impregnated in a silicon carbide precursor solution. Then the impregnated silicon carbide fiber is taken out and uniformly wound on a centrifugal rotary drum of a desizing device.
And regulating the rotating speed of the centrifugal rotating drum to 900r/min, and desizing until no silicon carbide precursor solution is adhered between fibers. And taking out the desized fiber, adding the fiber into a beam expanding device, expanding the fiber bundle to 25cm of single-layer fiber, and uniformly winding the single-layer fiber on a fiber collecting drum. And (3) placing the fiber collecting barrel wound with the pretreated fibers on a conveying roller in a closed chamber, and introducing ammonia gas with the temperature of 15 ℃ from an air inlet of the closed chamber to serve as protective gas. The laser wavelength was chosen to be 355nm and the output power was 35W. The output light spot is adjusted to be linear with the length of 25cm, so that the linear light spot can just completely sweep the fiber. The energy density at this time was 20J/cm2. And opening the laser, and vertically irradiating the fiber bundle by the laser from the upper direction and the lower direction through the beam splitting device. The speed of the transport rollers was selected to be 40 cm/min. After irradiation, the laser is turned off, the transmission roller moves backwards at the speed of 200cm/min, and ammonia gas with the temperature of 15 ℃ is continuously introduced until the fiber is wound on the fiber collecting barrel again.
The test results of the irradiated fiber and coating are shown in the table:
coating uniformity was normalized to the variance of the fiber diameter after irradiation for random sampling.
| Coating uniformity | Carbon fiber | Silicon carbide fiber | Alumina fiber |
| Silicon carbide coating | 98.1％ | 98.6％ | 99.3％ |
| Alumina coating | 96.2％ | 99.6％ | 99.6％ |
Claims (8)
1. An apparatus for laser irradiation guided fiber coating of a precursor coating, characterized by: comprises a fiber desizing device, a fiber beam expanding device and a laser irradiation device; the fiber desizing device is provided with a centrifugal rotating drum and a pulp blocking machine shell, and the centrifugal rotating drum is fixed at the central position in the pulp blocking machine shell; the fiber beam expanding device is provided with a beam expanding cylinder and a fiber collecting cylinder, and the beam expanding cylinder and the fiber collecting cylinder are arranged on the same horizontal plane at intervals in parallel;
the laser irradiation device comprises a laser generator (1), a light source beam splitting mechanism (2), an optical fiber (3), a first light beam adjusting mechanism (6), a second light beam adjusting mechanism (7) and a closed chamber (11);
wherein the top of the closed chamber (11) is provided with an air inlet (4), the bottom of the closed chamber is provided with an air outlet (5), the air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5) are arranged in a diagonal manner and are filled with cooling inert protective gas, and a first conveying roller (8) and a second conveying roller (9) are arranged in parallel at intervals on the same horizontal plane in the central area inside the closed chamber (11); the fiber (10) to be irradiated is wound on the first conveying roller (8) and the second conveying roller (9), and a first light beam adjusting mechanism (6) and a second light beam adjusting mechanism (7) are respectively arranged above and below the fiber (10) to be irradiated in the closed chamber at equal intervals;
the laser generator (1) sends laser to the light source beam splitting mechanism (2), and the light source beam splitting mechanism (2) transmits the laser with the same energy to the first light beam adjusting mechanism (6) and the second light beam adjusting mechanism (7) through the optical fiber (3).
2. The laser irradiation guide fiber coating precursor coating apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the cooling inert protective gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia gas or argon, and the cooling temperature is 15-50 ℃.
3. The laser irradiation guide fiber coating precursor coating apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the fiber (10) to be irradiated is carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber or alumina fiber.
4. The laser irradiation guide fiber coating precursor coating apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the laser output wavelength range is 355nm-10.6um, the output power range is 10W-70W, and the energy density range is 1J/cm2-50J/cm2The light spots are distributed in a circular, rectangular or linear shape.
5. A method of laser irradiation guiding a fiber to apply a precursor coating, characterized by: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
fiber impregnation: dipping a strand of the fiber of claim 3 into the proportioned precursor solution or precursor gel so that the surface of the fiber is completely covered with the precursor solution or precursor gel;
fiber desizing: uniformly surrounding the impregnated fibers on a centrifugal drum of the fiber desizing device according to claim 1, starting the fiber desizing device according to claim 1, and adjusting the centrifugal rotating speed to separate out the precursor solution or precursor gel adhered among the fibers;
fiber beam expanding: introducing the desized round strand fibers onto a bundle expanding cylinder of the fiber beam expanding device according to claim 1, so that the round strand fiber arrangement is expanded into a single-layer fiber sheet-like arrangement and wound on a fiber collecting cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the single-sheet arrangement has a width D;
laser parameter selection: selecting the output wavelength lambda, the output power P and the light spot area S of the laser according to the proportioning component W of the precursor solution or precursor gel, the reaction temperature T thereof, the width D of the fiber after expansion and the temperature resistance thereof, and determining the energy density X;
laser irradiation: filling cooling inert protective gas as claimed in claim 1 or 2 into the closed chamber, inputting laser parameters to start the laser generator as claimed in claim 1, and performing laser irradiation curing on the single-layer fiber wound on the forward rotating conveying roller from an upper vertical incidence angle and a lower vertical incidence angle by using the first light beam adjusting mechanism and the second light beam adjusting mechanism as claimed in claim 1 to form a coating;
annealing the coating: and after the laser irradiation of the coating of the single-layer fiber is finished, closing the laser generator, continuously introducing cooling inert protective gas, and reversely rotating the conveying roller to allow the cooling inert protective gas to take away the temperature of the fiber coating so as to finish the annealing and curing of the coating.
6. The method of laser irradiation guiding fiber application precursor coating as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the desizing centrifugal rotating speed is 60r/min-1500 r/min.
7. The method of laser irradiation guiding fiber application precursor coating as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the width of the single chip arrangement is 2cm-60 cm.
8. The method of laser irradiation guiding fiber application precursor coating as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the rotating speed of the conveying roller is 1cm/min-200 cm/min.
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