CN110239095B - Double-channel 3D printing head based on aerogel wrapping layer for in-orbit use - Google Patents
Double-channel 3D printing head based on aerogel wrapping layer for in-orbit use Download PDFInfo
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- CN110239095B CN110239095B CN201910524128.0A CN201910524128A CN110239095B CN 110239095 B CN110239095 B CN 110239095B CN 201910524128 A CN201910524128 A CN 201910524128A CN 110239095 B CN110239095 B CN 110239095B
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Abstract
An aerogel blanket based dual path 3D printhead for in-orbit use, comprising: heating block, gland pipe, fiber conduit, venturi, cooling tube, shower nozzle, aerogel parcel layer, wire guide pipe joint, polytetrafluoroethylene tube, polyimide heat insulating mattress. According to the invention, the aerogel wrapping layer is adopted to control the thermal environment of the space 3D printing head assembly, so that the high-temperature requirements of the heating block and the printing nozzle area are met, the low-temperature environment requirements of other accessories around the printing head are also met, the waste heat radiation is reduced, the energy is efficiently utilized, and the effective heat insulation protection is established. The method has the advantages of less material consumption, convenient implementation process, low cost, no pollution, energy consumption saving for space on-orbit 3D printing and good heat preservation and heat insulation effects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a double-channel 3D printing head based on an aerogel wrapping layer for on-orbit use, and belongs to the field of space additive manufacturing.
Background
The printing nozzle is a core component of the 3D printer, and micro-environment control near the printing nozzle is a key factor for determining the performance and quality of a printed product. In order to achieve the softening point of materials such as polylactic acid, polyether-ether-ketone and the like, a high-power electric heating rod is used for a nozzle heating block, and a printing nozzle is rapidly heated to 210 ℃, 350 ℃ and other temperatures from normal temperature. Most of polylactic acid printer cabins are in an open state, and when the material is extruded out of the spray heads to reach the substrate, air convection is enhanced through a fan, so that cooling molding is realized. When the printing head heating mode is applied to 3D printing of space in a spacecraft cabin, the following problems exist:
1) The heating block is the main energy consuming component. In the ground 3D printing process, the printing spray head can be quickly heated through a high-power heating rod, and the spray head is continuously heated to keep the temperature higher than the melting temperature of the material, so that the continuous heating mode needs to continuously consume higher energy. Terrestrial 3D printing typically uses 220V commercial voltage, or 360V industrial voltage. The power supply which can be given to the space spacecraft is usually 24-33V, the current control is relatively low, the available power is limited, and the high-power load cannot be provided for a long time.
2) Air convection is the primary channel of heat dissipation. Most of the 3D printing devices for printing materials such as polylactic acid in the market are open devices, namely, a printing head and a substrate are in a room-temperature air convection environment, and even if the local temperature is too high, the air convection is enhanced by a fan, so that the temperature of other parts near a spray head can be reduced. Some printheads are also provided with more than 2 fans which take away excess heat through a plurality of air flow channels. The space inside the spacecraft is limited, even if air convection is added in the sealed cabin, the air flow speed and the circulation range are limited, and redundant heat is brought to other loads in the cabin through a fan, so that the overall environmental heat load is aggravated, and the space is obviously unreasonable.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a double-channel 3D printing head based on an aerogel wrapping layer, which is used on the track, can efficiently utilize energy, reduce waste heat radiation, not only meet the high-temperature requirements of a heating block and a printing nozzle, but also meet the low-temperature environment requirements of other accessories on the periphery of the printing head, and establishes effective heat insulation protection.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an aerogel blanket based dual path 3D printhead for in-orbit use, comprising: the device comprises a heating block, a gland pipe, a fiber conduit, a throat pipe, a radiating pipe, a spray head, an aerogel wrapping layer, a wire guide pipe joint, a polytetrafluoroethylene pipe and a polyimide heat insulation pad;
The heating block is provided with a first passage and a second passage, and the axis of the first passage and the axis of the second passage are coplanar and intersected; the value range of the included angle theta between the first passage axis and the second passage axis is 15-60 degrees;
The first passage is a stepped through hole, one end of the first passage is connected with one end of a fiber conduit, the other end of the fiber conduit is fixedly connected with one end of a gland pipe, and the other end of the gland pipe extends out of the heating block; the gland pipe is connected with the heating block through threads so that the position of the fiber guide pipe in the heating block is fixed; the other end of the first passage is fixedly connected with the spray head;
The second passage is a stepped hole, and one end of the second passage is communicated with the first passage; the throat pipe, the radiating pipe and the wire guide pipe joint are sequentially connected, and the end part of the throat pipe is fixedly connected with the other end of the second passage;
The end part of the spray head is provided with a conical groove, and a cavity enclosed by the conical groove and the inner wall of the first passage is used as a molten pool; a polytetrafluoroethylene tube is inserted into the throat tube from the wire guide tube joint and a radiating tube, and the polytetrafluoroethylene tube is used for guiding a thermoplastic material into the molten pool; the continuous fiber reinforcement flows into the molten pool through the gland pipe and the fiber guide pipe in sequence;
The intersection point of the first passage axis and the second passage axis is used as a fusion point, and the fusion point is positioned in the molten pool; the fusion point position satisfies the following proportional relationship:
d1：d2：d3＝1：1：0.45，
Wherein d1 is the distance from the fusion point to the intersection point of the surface of the heating block and the axis of the gland pipe, d2 is the distance from the fusion point to the intersection point of the surface of the heating block and the axis of the throat pipe, and d3 is the distance from the fusion point to the intersection point of the surface of the heating block and the axis of the nozzle;
The inner diameter of the gland pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the fiber guide pipe, and the inner diameter of the second passage is larger than the inner diameter of the fiber guide pipe; the inner diameter of the end, connected with the first passage, of the spray head is larger than that of the second passage;
Phosphoric acid anodizing the outer wall of the heating block; the outer wall of the heating block is wrapped with an aerogel wrapping layer for heat insulation, the aerogel wrapping layer is made of pre-oxidized fiber reinforced SiO 2 aerogel, and the thickness of the aerogel wrapping layer is 1-5 mm;
A polyimide heat insulation pad is fixed on the end surface of the heating block mounting gland pipe, a central through hole is formed in the polyimide heat insulation pad, and the gland pipe penetrates through the polyimide heat insulation pad central through hole and is inserted into the heating block; the heating block is internally provided with a heating rod and a plurality of temperature sensors, wherein the heating rod is used for heating the heating block.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) At present, a heating block of a ground 3D printer does not usually consider the heat insulation problem, and even printers adopt heat insulation felt and glass fiber reinforced aerogel as box heat insulation materials; the felt is a spacecraft forbidden material, the glass fiber reinforced aerogel has low adhesive force, and the glass fiber reinforced aerogel and the felt are easy to generate scraps and powder falling under the environments of microgravity, vibration and the like to form redundancy, so that other electronic devices are influenced. The invention adopts superfine pre-oxidized fiber as a reinforcement, utilizes a sol-gel and supercritical CO 2 drying process, self-prepares the high-performance pre-oxidized fiber reinforced silica aerogel meeting the requirements of aerospace environment through precise structure and performance control, has the density range of 0.15-0.4 g/cm 3, the room temperature heat conductivity coefficient range of 0.012-0.018W/(m.K), has excellent bending performance and shock resistance, does not fall powder or generate scraps under the high-frequency vibration emitted by a spacecraft, has light density and high heat conductivity, can play a good role in heat insulation and can bear larger load impact;
2) The traditional multichannel 3D printing often has the conditions of material reverse flushing, nozzle blockage and the like, and the main reasons are that the thermoplastic material has high viscosity and poor fluidity, and the material temperature rising speed, the wire feeding speed, the printing forming speed and the like are not matched. According to the invention, the coupling simulation of the fluid and the temperature field is carried out on the design of the two channels, the included angle between the first channel and the second channel and the distance between the junction point of the centers of the two channels and each end face of the heating block are accurately regulated, and the conical groove above the spray head is optimized, so that the resistance of the two channels flowing to the spray head is far smaller than the resistance of the two channels flowing to the opposite direction, even if the materials of the two channels smoothly flow out along the spray head under the space zero gravity environment, and the condition of blocking the channels by countercurrent is avoided;
3) The traditional heating block is generally rectangular, cannot completely wrap the heating rod, has the characteristic of energy leakage of the heating rod, and generally has only one temperature sensor, and utilizes the temperature to carry out heating closed-loop control, so that actual temperature deviation of a printing nozzle is caused to be about +/-10 ℃, and the influence on flowability of thermoplastic materials is large. The heating block designed by the invention is in a mode of combining the boss and the plane, so that the heating rod is fully wrapped, and the double-temperature sensor is adopted for iterative closed-loop control. The two temperature sensors respectively measure the active heating temperature and the passive conduction temperature, so that the temperature above the printing spray head of the two-channel intersection area can be accurately calculated, the temperature deviation of the melt pool area above the spray head can be ensured to be +/-3 ℃ in the whole printing process through heating closed-loop control, the stability of the flowability of the thermoplastic material is further ensured, and the printing is smoother.
4) The wire guiding pipe joint with the horn mouth is designed and manufactured, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene pipe containing the second channel wire can vibrate in a larger range, stress is concentrated on a gradual curved surface, and the fatigue fracture risk of the polytetrafluoroethylene pipe in a severe mechanical vibration environment is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2is an axial cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a cross-sectional view of a heating block of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a side view of a heating block of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a wire guide tube joint of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cut-out shape and paste sequence of an aerogel blanket according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a polyimide insulation mat of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the gland tube and fiber conduit connection of the present invention.
Detailed Description
According to the double-channel 3D printing head based on the aerogel wrapping layer, which is used on the track, the high-temperature requirement of the printing nozzle and the low-temperature operation requirement of other accessories around are comprehensively considered, the heat transfer path is optimized, the waste heat dissipated outwards is reduced while the internal temperature of the printing nozzle is ensured, the heat is concentrated in an effective area by a microenvironment control heat insulation method, the local heat control of other accessories inside the printer is reduced, and the power consumption of the whole printer is reduced.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural view of the present invention, the aerogel wrapping layer 7 and the polyimide heat insulation pad 10 outside the heating block 1 are main parts for realizing the reduction of energy consumption and heat dissipation. As shown in fig. 2, the dual-pass 3D printhead for on-orbit use based on aerogel blanket according to the present invention comprises: the heating block 1, the gland pipe 2, the fiber conduit 3, the throat 4, the radiating pipe 5, the spray head 6, the aerogel wrapping layer 7, the wire guiding pipe joint 8, the polytetrafluoroethylene pipe 9 and the polyimide heat insulation pad 10.
The heating block 1 is made of aluminum alloy, a heating rod 11, a temperature sensor 12 and a temperature sensor 13 are arranged in the heating block 1, and the temperature sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 13 are specifically realized by adopting an NTC thermistor. The heating block 1 is provided with a first passage and a second passage, and the axis of the first passage and the axis of the second passage are coplanar and intersected; the included angle theta between the first passage axis and the second passage axis ranges from 15 degrees to 60 degrees, and in the specific embodiment of the invention, the included angle theta between the first passage axis and the second passage axis ranges from 45 degrees. The first passage is a stepped through hole, one end of the first passage is connected with one end of the fiber conduit 3, the other end of the fiber conduit 3 is fixedly connected with one end of the gland pipe 2, and the other end of the gland pipe 2 extends out of the heating block 1; the gland pipe 2 is connected with the heating block 1 through threads so that the position of the fiber guide pipe 3 in the heating block is fixed; the other end of the first passage is fixedly connected with the spray head 6. The heating rod 11 is heated by an external power supply for the heating block 1 to melt the thermoplastic material in the second passage, and the thermoplastic material adopted in the embodiment of the invention is specifically polylactic acid (Polylactic acid, PLA), and can also be selected from thermoplastic materials such as polyether-ether-ketone, polyether-ketone and the like. The temperature sensor 12 is used for testing the temperature actually reached by the heating block near the heating rod, and is used as an active heating temperature, and the temperature sensor 13 is used for testing the temperature near the junction of the two channels near the heating block, and is used as a passive heat transfer temperature. The temperature at the two-channel junction can be accurately calculated by combining the temperature of the temperature sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 13 and the heat conductivity coefficient of the heating block, so that the heating closed-loop control can be ensured to be in a relatively accurate range.
The second passage is a stepped hole, and one end of the second passage communicates with the first passage, as shown in fig. 3 (a). The throat pipe 4, the radiating pipe 5 and the wire guide pipe joint 8 are sequentially connected, and the end part of the throat pipe 4 is fixedly connected with the other end of the second passage.
The end part of the spray head 6 is provided with a conical groove, and a cavity formed by the conical groove and the inner wall of the first passage is used as a molten pool; the center of the molten pool is in the central confluence range of the double passages, and the center of the concave molten pool is 1.2mm below the central confluence point of the double passages in the embodiment of the invention, namely, the intersection point of the upper end surface of the spray head 6 and the axis of the first passage is positioned 1.2mm above the intersection point of the axis of the first passage and the axis of the second passage. A polytetrafluoroethylene tube 9 is inserted into the throat tube 4 from the wire guide tube joint 8 and the radiating tube 5, and the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 9 is used for guiding thermoplastic materials into the molten pool; the continuous fiber reinforcement flows into the molten pool through the gland pipe 2 and the fiber guide pipe 3 in sequence, and in the embodiment of the invention, the continuous fiber reinforcement specifically adopts carbon fiber with the mark of T300-1K, and also can adopt aramid fiber. The continuous fiber reinforcement and the thermoplastic filaments are passed through a heated block melt pool area to form a composite material. Radiating teeth are formed in the circumferential direction of the radiating tube 5. The polytetrafluoroethylene tube 9 is a hollow plastic tube.
The intersection point of the first passage axis and the second passage axis is used as a fusion point, and the fusion point is positioned in the molten pool; the fusion point position satisfies the following proportional relationship:
d1：d2：d3＝1：1：0.45，
Wherein d1 is the distance from the fusion point to the intersection point where the surface of the heating block 1 perpendicularly intersects with the axis of the gland pipe 2, d2 is the distance from the fusion point to the intersection point where the surface of the heating block 1 perpendicularly intersects with the axis of the throat pipe 4, and d3 is the distance from the fusion point to the intersection point where the surface of the heating block 1 perpendicularly intersects with the axis of the nozzle 6.
The gland pipe 2 is of a stainless steel cylindrical structure with external threads, the gland pipe 2 penetrates through the polyimide heat insulation pad 10 and is inserted into the heating block 1, a T-shaped groove is formed in the lower end of the gland pipe 2 and is used for fixing the fiber guide pipe 3, and the fiber guide pipe 3 is a titanium alloy thin pipe; in the embodiment of the invention, the inner diameter of the fiber conduit 3 is 0.8mm, so that the fiber passing through the first channel can be just satisfied, no redundant space exists, the reverse flow of polylactic acid in the second channel is prevented, the upper end of the fiber conduit 3 is a T-shaped groove, and the size of the T-shaped groove is matched with the size of the T-shaped groove at the lower end of the gland pipe 2 to form compression joint fixation, as shown in fig. 7. The inner diameter of the gland pipe 2 is larger than the inner diameter of the fiber guide pipe 3, and the inner diameter of the second passage is larger than the inner diameter of the fiber guide pipe 3; the inner diameter of the end, connected with the first passage, of the spray head 6 is larger than that of the second passage.
Phosphoric acid anodizing the outer wall of the heating block 1; the outer wall parcel of heating piece 1 has the aerogel parcel layer 7 that is used for thermal-insulated, in order to avoid the heat leak between the different regions, has carried out the processing of 3M sticky tape in the area that needs trompil, guarantees that aerogel parcel layer 7 does not leak heat. The inner side of the aerogel wrapping layer 7 is adhered to the heating block 1, and the outer side of the aerogel wrapping layer is contacted with the gland pipe 2, the throat pipe 4 and the spray head 6, so that the wires are kept at a lower temperature before entering the heating block 1. The aerogel wrapping layer 7 is made of pre-oxidized fiber reinforced SiO 2 aerogel, the density of the pre-oxidized fiber reinforced SiO 2 aerogel is in the range of 0.15-0.4 g/cm 3, the value of the room temperature heat conductivity coefficient is in the range of 0.012-0.018W/(m.K), and the pre-oxidized fiber reinforced SiO 2 aerogel has excellent bending performance and anti-seismic performance. The thickness of the aerogel wrapping layer 7 is 1-5 mm, the thickness of the aerogel wrapping layer 7 in the embodiment of the invention is 5mm, the cut shape of the pre-oxidized fiber reinforced SiO 2 aerogel film is shown in fig. 5, overlapping allowance is reserved at the position where the hole is needed, and the cut shape is sequentially stuck on the heating block 1 according to the sequence of A-G.
A polyimide heat insulation pad 10 is fixed on the end surface of the heating block 1, on which the gland pipe 2 is arranged, the polyimide heat insulation pad 10 is provided with a central through hole, and the gland pipe 2 is inserted into the heating block 1 through the central through hole of the polyimide heat insulation pad 10; the polyimide heat insulating mat 10 is connected to the heating block 1 by four screws as shown in fig. 6.
The heating block 1 is internally provided with a heating rod 11 and a plurality of temperature sensors for heating the heating block 1, the heating block 1 is provided with a bulge between a nozzle end of a first channel and a nozzle end of a second channel, the height of the bulge is 5mm in the embodiment of the invention, the heating block 1 is provided with 3 through holes, wherein the bulge area of the heating block 1 is provided with two through holes for installing the heating rod 11 and the temperature sensors 12 respectively, and the platform area is provided with through holes close to the junction point of the centers of the first channel and the second channel for installing the temperature sensors 13, as shown in fig. 3 (b).
The free end of the wire guiding pipe joint 8 is a horn mouth, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene pipe containing the second channel wire can vibrate in a larger range and cannot be broken. The value range of the bell mouth cone angle α is 30-90 degrees, and the bell mouth cone angle α=60 degrees of the wire guiding pipe joint 8 in the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 4.
The invention relates to a double-channel 3D printing head assembly process, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: cutting and perforating of the aerogel wrapping 7
Pre-oxidized fiber aerogel sheets with the thickness of 3-5 mm are prepared, aerogel sheets with proper sizes are cut according to the cross-sectional shapes of the heating blocks in different directions, as shown in fig. 3b and 5, the splicing seams are required to be as few as possible, and overlapping allowance is reserved at the positions needing to be perforated.
Step 2: aerogel 7 is coated on the surface of heating block 1
The heating block 1 was subjected to a phosphoric acid anodized surface treatment to increase the bond strength. And (3) sticking a 3M heat insulation tape to one side of the cut pre-oxidized fiber aerogel sheet, coating according to the sequence shown in fig. 5, and fixedly sealing through structural adhesive to form an aerogel coating layer 7 shown in fig. 2. Pore and fold are avoided in the cladding and sealing process, so that the 3M heat insulation adhesive tape is flatly paved and stuck, and an open pore area is required to ensure that the 3M heat insulation adhesive tape is larger than an aerogel area. After the aerogel wrapping layer 7 is fixed, the whole aerogel area is wound clockwise by adopting a 3M adhesive tape, so that the continuity of the heat insulation adhesive tape at the corner and the splicing position is ensured.
Step 3: first channel installation of heating block 1
As shown in fig. 6, a polyimide heat insulation pad 10 of a proper size is processed, a fiber guide tube 3 is placed into a heating block 1 from above a first channel, a gland pipe 2 passes through a central hole of the polyimide heat insulation pad 10 and is screwed on the heating block, and a screw surface and a gap are glued and sealed by GD 414. At the other end of the first channel, the spray head 6 is connected to the heating block 1 in a screwed mode, and the outer edge of the spray head is adhered to aerogel on the surface of the heating block 1 by using a 3M adhesive tape, so that no gap is ensured.
Step 4: second channel installation of heating block 1
As shown in fig. 2, the distance from the junction of the first and second channels to the wire guide tube joint 8 is measured and marked on the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 9. A position marked polytetrafluoroethylene tube 9 is passed through the wire guide tube joint 8 and its position is fixed. The second channel of the heating block 1 is provided with a throat 4 and a radiating pipe 5 in sequence, the two pipes are mutually screwed in place, and the combination of the polytetrafluoroethylene pipe 9 and the wire guide pipe joint 8 is inserted into the radiating pipe 5 until reaching the depth of the throat. The second channel is attached in place and then the attachment is glued shut with GD 414. After the first channel and the second channel are installed and fixed on the heating block 1, the whole heating block is covered by a 3M adhesive tape, so that the assembly form of fig. 1 is achieved.
Examples
The power consumption of the printing head and the temperature change of different parts during working are obtained through calculation simulation and experimental measurement, and the heat insulation requirements of the parts in different directions are evaluated. Experiments show that: the heating block 1 of the printing head is the most main heat generating source in all components, the printing process always keeps high temperature, and the surface area of the heating block 1 is large and is the main radiation source, so that the establishment of a heat insulation barrier on the surface of the printing head is a source for reducing heat dissipation. The heat insulation effect of heat insulation cotton, glass fiber reinforced SiO 2 aerogel and pre-oxidized fiber reinforced SiO 2 aerogel is compared, the combined heat insulation performance of the aerogel with three specifications of 1mm, 3mm and 5mm and the 3M adhesive tape is tested, the power consumption of the 3D printer in the space is finally selected, the heat insulation effect of the pre-oxidized fiber reinforced SiO 2 aerogel with the thickness of 5mm is better adhered to the outer side of the heating block 1, and the heat insulation effect is better and the heat insulation effect is fixed through the cladding of 5 layers of 3M adhesive tape. In addition, the printing head conducts heat along the direction of the wire feeding pipe, if the temperature of the guide pipe is too high, wires are melted before entering the printing head, so that normal printing cannot be performed, in order to ensure that the temperature of the polytetrafluoroethylene pipe 9 is below 60 ℃, an annular rib radiating pipe 5 is additionally arranged outside the polytetrafluoroethylene pipe 9, and a polyimide heat insulation pad 10 with the thickness of 2mm is additionally arranged in the contact area of the gland pipe 2 and the heating block 1, so that the temperature of the gland pipe 2 is ensured to be normal.
Before the method of the invention is used, after the self-grinding 3D printer is started for 5min, the external temperature of the printing head is increased to 90 ℃. With the continuous heating of the printing nozzle and the melting extrusion of the material, the external temperature of the printing head reaches about 110 ℃ and the whole printing process is continued. The temperature of the printing head bracket also reaches more than 50 ℃, the radiating pipe is subjected to heat conduction of air around the printing head, and the temperature reaches 48 ℃. The temperature of each motor exceeds 40 ℃ and the temperature of the circuit board controller reaches 42 ℃. The temperature of the self-grinding 3D printer wallboard can reach 39 ℃ at most, and is 19 ℃ higher than the ambient temperature. These devices have surface temperatures that are too high, far exceeding design requirements and load capacity, and are too energy consuming. After the self-grinding 3D printer is started for 5 minutes, the external temperature of the printing head only rises to 48 ℃, and the external temperature of the printing head reaches 52 ℃ at the highest along with continuous heating of the printing nozzle and material melting extrusion, and the whole printing process is continued. The temperature of the printing head support is about 37 ℃, the temperature of the radiating pipe is kept within the range of 40 ℃, and the motor, the circuit board and the power side plate are controlled below 40 ℃. The temperature of the upper cover plate and the lower side plate of the self-grinding space 3D printer is about 22 ℃ and is only 2 ℃ higher than the indoor temperature. By integrating the above, the method of the invention obtains good performance for the local temperature control of the 3D printer, the surface temperature of the printer has very little influence on the environmental temperature in the cabin when the printer works, the energy consumption is saved, and the efficient utilization of limited energy sources is realized.
What is not described in detail in the present specification is a known technology to those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. An aerogel blanket based dual pass 3D printhead for in-orbit use, comprising: the heating block (1), the gland pipe (2), the fiber guide pipe (3), the throat pipe (4), the radiating pipe (5), the spray head (6), the aerogel wrapping layer (7), the wire guiding pipe joint (8), the polytetrafluoroethylene pipe (9) and the polyimide heat insulation pad (10);
the heating block (1) is provided with a first passage and a second passage, and the axis of the first passage and the axis of the second passage are coplanar and intersected; the value range of the included angle theta between the first passage axis and the second passage axis is 15-60 degrees;
The first passage is a stepped through hole, one end of the first passage is connected with one end of the fiber conduit (3), the other end of the fiber conduit (3) is fixedly connected with one end of the gland pipe (2), and the other end of the gland pipe (2) extends out of the heating block (1); the gland pipe (2) is connected with the heating block (1) through threads so that the position of the fiber guide pipe (3) in the heating block is fixed; the other end of the first passage is fixedly connected with the spray head (6);
The second passage is a stepped hole, and one end of the second passage is communicated with the first passage; the throat pipe (4), the radiating pipe (5) and the wire guide pipe joint (8) are sequentially connected, and the end part of the throat pipe (4) is fixedly connected with the other end of the second passage;
the end part of the spray head (6) is provided with a conical groove, and a cavity formed by the conical groove and the inner wall of the first passage is used as a molten pool; a polytetrafluoroethylene tube (9) is inserted into the throat tube (4) from the wire guiding tube joint (8) and the radiating tube (5), and the polytetrafluoroethylene tube (9) is used for guiding thermoplastic materials into the molten pool; the continuous fiber reinforcement flows into the molten pool through the gland pipe (2) and the fiber guide pipe (3) in sequence; wherein the thermoplastic material is polylactic acid, polyether-ether-ketone or polyether-ketone;
The intersection point of the first passage axis and the second passage axis is used as a fusion point, and the fusion point is positioned in the molten pool; the fusion point position satisfies the following proportional relationship:
d1：d2：d3＝1：1：0.45，
wherein d1 is the distance from the fusion point to an intersection point where the surface of the heating block (1) perpendicularly intersects with the axis of the gland pipe (2), d2 is the distance from the fusion point to an intersection point where the surface of the heating block (1) perpendicularly intersects with the axis of the throat pipe (4), and d3 is the distance from the fusion point to an intersection point where the surface of the heating block (1) perpendicularly intersects with the axis of the nozzle (6);
The inner diameter of the gland pipe (2) is larger than the inner diameter of the fiber guide pipe (3), and the inner diameter of the second passage is larger than the inner diameter of the fiber guide pipe (3); the inner diameter of the end, connected with the first passage, of the spray head (6) is larger than that of the second passage;
Phosphoric acid anodising the outer wall of the heating block (1); the outer wall of the heating block (1) is wrapped with an aerogel wrapping layer (7) for heat insulation, the aerogel wrapping layer (7) is made of pre-oxidized fiber reinforced SiO 2 aerogel, and the thickness of the aerogel wrapping layer (7) is 1-5 mm in value range;
A polyimide heat insulation pad (10) is fixed on the end face of the heating block (1) where the gland pipe (2) is arranged, a central through hole is formed in the polyimide heat insulation pad (10), and the gland pipe (2) penetrates through the central through hole of the polyimide heat insulation pad (10) and is inserted into the heating block (1); a heating rod (11) and a plurality of temperature sensors for heating the heating block (1) are arranged in the heating block (1).
2. The double-channel 3D printing head based on aerogel wrapping layer for on-orbit use according to claim 1, wherein the gland pipe (2) is of a stainless steel cylindrical structure with external threads, the gland pipe (2) is inserted into the heating block (1) through the polyimide heat insulation pad (10), and the fiber conduit (3) is a titanium alloy tubule.
3. An in-orbit aerogel blanket based two-pass 3D printhead as claimed in claim 1, wherein the free end of the wire guide tube joint (8) is a flare with a cone angle α ranging from 30 to 90 °.
4. An on-orbit aerogel blanket based dual path 3D printhead according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the heating block (1) is made of aluminum alloy.
5. An on-orbit aerogel blanket based dual path 3D printhead as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the included angle theta between the first passage axis and the second passage axis takes the value of 45 degrees.
6. An on-orbit aerogel blanket based dual path 3D printhead as claimed in claim 5, wherein: radiating teeth are formed in the circumferential direction of the radiating tube (5).
7. An on-orbit aerogel blanket based dual path 3D printhead as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the polytetrafluoroethylene tube (9) is a hollow plastic tube.
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| CN112373035B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2024-04-30 | 中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心 | Accurate temperature control 3D printing head applicable to high-temperature thermoplastic plastic and application method |
| CN116922764A (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-10-24 | 北京科技大学 | 3D printing forming device and method for lunar soil component |
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