CN110224825A - A kind of phase matched quantum key delivering method based on forecast single-photon light source - Google Patents
A kind of phase matched quantum key delivering method based on forecast single-photon light source Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of phase matched quantum key delivering methods based on forecast single-photon light source, invention will forecast single-photon light source as the signal optical source of communicating pair Alice and Bob, then Alice and Bob respectively carries out key coding to the signal pulse of light source output, and the signal pulse after coding is transferred at third party Charlie (Charlie can be listener-in), on the basis of Charlie announces the result of detector under effectively interference, Alice and Bob obtains screening key, amplify through consultation with secret again, it can get security key between Alice and Bob, the present invention effectively improves the key rate and communication distance of phase matched quantum key distribution agreement, have structure simple simultaneously, realize convenient advantage, it is suitable for phase matched amount Quantum key distribution agreement is applied to practical remote and high quality communication, there is huge application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of phase matched quantum key delivering methods based on forecast single-photon light source, and it is close to belong to quantum
Key distributes field.
Background technique
1969, the quantum communications researcher Wiesner of Columbia Univ USA was put forward for the first time " quantum banknote "
Concept, this is that quantum-mechanical principle is introduced into the communications field, and the concept of " quantum cryptography " for the first time in History of Physics
It appears in face of masses for the first time, but causes due to scientific and technological level and experiment condition etc. at that time are many this novel to think
Method does not get the nod.1979, Wiesner lifted " quantum banknote " this idea with good friend Bennett again,
Bennett manifests intense curiosity to this novel concept and starts to carry out it in the application of the communications field deep
Research, so recognize quantum mechanics information transmission on application than in terms of storage using even more important.By the several years
Unremitting research, 1984, Bennett proposed classical BB84 agreement together with Brassard, which is quantum communications
The quantum key distribution agreement of first unconditional security in history, it is big that the realization of proposition and the experiment of BB84 agreement causes one
Research of the wave scholar to quantum key distribution agreement, 1991, the Artur Eckert professor of Regius professor was tangled with EPR
To for theoretical basis, maximum Entangled State between two particles is furtherd investigate, proposes the QKD association based on two Quantum Entangled States
View --- EPR agreement (also referred to as E91 agreement).1992, Bennett proposed a kind of simple height again on the basis of forefathers
The quantum key distribution agreement of effect, the agreement are referred to as B92 agreement based on non-orthogonal quantum state, by descendant, then again
The quantum key distribution using phase encoding scheme is proposed according to the special construction of the long Mach-Zehnder interferometer of unequal arm
Agreement.The it is proposed of BB84 agreement and the E91 agreement then proposed and B92 agreement have established the theoretical base of quantum key distribution
Plinth, the scholar of various countries are the successive optimization agreements on the above theoretical basis to the research of quantum key distribution agreement, into
And propose the better agreement of more efficient practicability.
It improves into code rate and transmission range is that face two of QKD are critically important but be challenging problem.To the greatest extent
Pipe quantum key distribution has been achieved in impressive development, and various distribution protocols all achieve great achievement, such as
Device measuring independent protocol in 2012 and circulation differential phase shift agreement in 2014 are made that tremendous contribution for the practical of QKD.
But there is a famous key rate formula R≤- log in QKD2(1- η), R are key production rate, and η is transmission rate, before
The final key production rate of any agreement proposed has this linearly to limit, and cannot break through always.In May, 2018,
" Nature " publishes theory essay " the Overcoming the rate-distance limit of of a quantum key distribution
quantum key distribution without quantum repeaters".TF-QKD is in the item for guaranteeing key safety
The limit that the rate-distance of former quantum key distribution agreement is breached under part, causes very big sensation.Then it is based on
TF-QKD proposes phase matched quantum key distribution PM-QKD, and in PM-QKD, it is random that Alice and Bob respectively prepare phase
Coherent pulse be sent to incredible third party Charlie, Charlie does the accordingly result of interference detection record detector,
Then the phase of matching pulse is selected after Alice and Bob passes through.It is close that simulation result shows that the key rate of PM-QKD can equally be broken through
The linear limitation of key production rate.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of based on forecast monochromatic light sub-light
The phase matched quantum key delivering method in source considers it is all using weak relevant when phase matched quantum key distribution theory analysis
Then light source output signal pulse encodes, since the defect of light source will lead to, key rate is not high and communication distance is short, proposes
Based on the theoretical characteristics of forecast single-photon light source, it will forecast that single-photon light source is designed as the light source of output signal pulses, it is therefore an objective to
Acquisition keeps the protocol cipher rate higher and the farther method of communication distance.The present invention is assisted in phase matched quantum key distribution for the first time
Forecast single-photon light source is introduced in view, is generated photon pair using conversion under Spontaneous Parametric, is used the detection knot of one of photon
Fruit forecasts the arrival of another photon, substantially reduces the ratio of window pulse, effectively improves phase matched quantum key distribution
The key rate and communication distance of agreement, this method replace weak coherent light source to generate pulse signal with forecast single-photon light source, with
This key rate and communication distance to improve agreement.Therefore, this programme is actually mentioning for phase matched quantum key distribution agreement
New thinking is supplied and with reference to method.
Technical solution: to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of phase matched quantum key delivering method based on forecast single-photon light source, to realize above-mentioned raising phase
With the key rate of quantum key distribution agreement and the purpose of communication distance, the present invention uses the phase based on forecast single-photon light source
Quantum key delivering method is matched, it is theoretical based on forecast single-photon light source, in conjunction with phase matched quantum key delivering method, propose
Signal pulse is generated using forecast single-photon light source, then communicating pair Alice and Bob carries out phase code to pulse respectively,
Finally in the case where third party Charlie carries out interferometry and announces detector response results, Alice and Bob are pacified
Full key.The following steps are included:
Step 1: forecast single-photon light source output signal pulses, for forecasting single-photon light source, the distribution of signal photon is full
The hot allocation of square of foot；Photon probability-distribution function is obtained according to signal photon distribution function:
Wherein, Pu(n) forecast single-photon light source photon probability-distribution function, d are indicatedAAnd ηAThe respectively side's Alice detector
Dark count rate and detection efficient, μ indicate signal pulse mean intensity, Ppost(μ) is rear select probability, and n indicates number of photons,
The signal pulse that communication party Alice and communication party Bob respectively emits forecast single-photon light source carries out phase
Coding, wherein one PM1 of phase-modulator encodes one k of random phase to the signal pulse of communication party Aliceaπ, kaEqual to 0 or 1；
Two PM2 of phase-modulator encodes random phase two to the signal pulse of communication party AlicePhase-modulator
Three PM3 encode three k of random phase to the signal pulse of communication party BobbThe signal of π, four PM4 of phase-modulator to communication party Bob
Pulse code random phase fourWherein, kbEqual to 0 or 1；Communication party Alice and communication party's Bob As-deposited state
It indicates are as follows:
Wherein, A indicates that communication party Alice, B indicate that communication party Bob, i indicate imaginary unit；
Step 2: their signal pulse is sent to third party Charlie, third by communication party Alice and communication party Bob
Square Charlie carries out interferometry using beam splitter BS and records the response results of four D4 of three D3 of detector and detector；
After beam splitter BS, four end D4 following formula subrepresentation of three D3 of detector and detector:
Then three D3 of detector and four D4 response probability of detector are respectively as follows:
Wherein, D3 indicates that detector three, D4 indicate that detector four, P (D3) are three D3 response probability of detector, and P (D4) is
Four D4 response probability of detector；
Step 3: third party Charlie announces detector response results, and communication party Alice announces random phase twoIt is logical
Letter side Bob announces random phase four
Step 4: communicating pair Alice and communication party Bob repeats step 1-2；When third party Charlie announces a success
When event, ifAlice (Bob) obtains key k if three D3 of detector responsea(kb), if detector four
Then Alice (Bob) obtains key k for D4 responsea(！kb),！Expression negates；IfIf three D3 of detector is responded
Then Alice (Bob) obtains key ka(！kb), Alice (Bob) obtains key k if four D4 of detector responsea(kb)；
Fixed phase matches phase error rate in quantum key distribution agreementIt indicates are as follows:
Wherein,qnIndicate accounting of the n-photon response signal to overall response signal, QμIndicate overall response signal
Amount, Pu(n) forecast single-photon light source photon probability-distribution function, Y are indicatednIndicate the probability that n-photon responds at detector end, n table
Show number of photons, obtain the key rate R formula based on forecast single-photon light source phase matched quantum key distribution are as follows:
Wherein, f is error-correction protocol efficiency, and H (X) is shannon entropy, EμIt is quantum bit error rate.
Preferred: the distribution of signal photon meets following hot allocation of square in step 1: Wherein, ρμIndicate forecast single-photon light source distribution of photons state, μ is indicated
The mean intensity of signal pulse, dAAnd ηAThe respectively dark count rate and detection efficient of the side's Alice detector, Ppost(μ) is selected after being
Probability is selected, | 0 > < 0 | it is vacuum state, | n > < n | it is n-photon state, n indicates number of photons.
It is preferred: rear select probability
Preferred: detector response results are that three D3 of detector is responded or four D4 of detector is responded in step 3.
Preferred: success events are the response of only one detector of synchronization in step 4.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantages that
In phase matched quantum key distribution agreement, although the key rate of the agreement breaches linearly in theory analysis
Limitation, but since weak coherent light source window pulse accounting height, key rate and communication distance will receive light source influence.This hair
It is bright to propose using forecast single-photon light source as the generation light source of phase matched quantum key distribution protocol signal, due to forecasting monochromatic light
Sub-light source utilizes conversion under Spontaneous Parametric to generate photon pair, another photon is forecast using the detection result of one of photon
Arrival, to substantially reduce the ratio of window pulse, therefore higher key rate and communication distance can be obtained, and introduce
New agreement still is able to break through the linear limitation of key production rate after forecast single-photon light source.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the phase matched quantum key delivering method schematic diagram based on forecast single-photon light source.
Fig. 2 is simulation result diagram of the phase matched quantum key distribution under weak coherent light source and forecast single-photon light source.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these examples are merely to illustrate this
It invents rather than limits the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to of the invention various
The modification of equivalent form falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
A kind of phase matched quantum key delivering method based on forecast single-photon light source, in order to improve phase matched quantum
The key rate and communication distance of key distribution protocol, it is main to generate photon using conversion under the Spontaneous Parametric for forecasting single-photon light source
The characteristic of the arrival of another photon is forecast to and with the detection result of one of photon.Forecast single-photon light source is to utilize
Entangled photon pairs occur for Spontaneous Parametric down conversion, since this is almost to photon while generating, so they are having the same
Characteristic, can forecast number and the arrival time of another Shu Guangzi with wherein a branch of detection result, and control its detector
Opening time, can thus greatly reduce the influence of dark counting during long range quantum key distribution, thus increase
The safe distance of quantum key distribution, therefore compared to weak coherent light source, forecast that the ratio of single-photon light source window pulse is low, and empty arteries and veins
The key rate for rushing the higher quantum key distribution agreement of ratio is lower, so it is close to forecast that single-photon light source introduces phase matched quantum
Key distribution protocol not only can break through the linear limitation of key production rate, but also effectively improve phase matched quantum key distribution
Protocol communication distance and communication quality, as shown in Figure 1, Laser is forecast single-photon light source in figure, PDC is nonlinear crystal, D1
~D4 is photon detector, and PM1~PM4 is phase-modulator, and BS is beam splitter, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: forecast single-photon light source output signal pulses, for forecasting single-photon light source, the distribution of signal photon is full
The hot allocation of square of footWherein μ
Indicate the mean intensity of signal pulse, dAAnd ηAThe respectively dark count rate and detection efficient of the side's Alice detector, For rear select probability, | 0 > < 0 | it is vacuum state, | n > < n | it is n-photon state.According to signal light
Sub- distribution function we can write out photon probability-distribution function:
The signal pulse that Alice and Bob respectively emits forecast single-photon light source carries out phase code, wherein phase
Modulator 1 (Phase Modulator) encodes random phase k to the signal pulse at the end Aliceaπ, kaEqual to 0 or 1；Phase-modulation
Device 2 encodes random phase to the signal pulse at the end AliceSimilarly, phase-modulator 3 and 4 pair Bob end
Signal pulse encoding phase kbπ andAlice and Bob As-deposited state may be expressed as:
And the photon number distribution in weak coherent light source isWe analyze identical parameters (μ=0.5,
dA=10-6, ηA=0.75) quantitative proportion of two kinds of light source difference number of photons pulses, as a result as shown in the table
| Light source | Vacuum pulse | Single photon pulses | Multi-photon pulses |
| Weak coherent light source | 0.60653 | 0.30326 | 0.09024 |
| Forecast single-photon light source | 1.94×10∧-6 | 0.72735 | 0.27265 |
As can be known from the above table, compared to weak coherent light source, the number of pulses ratio for forecasting that single-photon light source generates is lower and single
Photon pulse quantitative proportion is higher, is advantageously implemented the phase matched quantum key distribution of long range.
Their signal pulse is sent to insincere side Charlie by step 2:Alice and Bob, and (Charlie can be surreptitiously
Hearer), Charlie carry out interferometry using beam splitter BS (Beam Splitter) and record two detector D3 and
The response results of D4.After BS, the end D3 and D4 can use following formula subrepresentation:
Then detector D3 and D4 response probability are respectively as follows:
Step 3:Charlie announces detector response results (D3 response or D4 response).Alice and Bob announce respectively with
Machine phaseWith
Step 4:Alice and Bob repeat the above steps repeatedly.When Charlie announces a success events, (synchronization is only
Have a detector response) when, ifAlice (Bob) obtains key k if detector D3 responsea(kb),
Alice (Bob) obtains key k if detector D4 responsea(！kb),！Expression negates；IfIf detector
Then Alice (Bob) obtains key k for D3 responsea(！kb), Alice (Bob) obtains key k if detector D4 responsea(kb).Ginseng
Examine phase error rate in phase matched quantum key distribution agreementIt indicates are as follows:
WhereinTherefore available based on the close of forecast single-photon light source phase matched quantum key distribution
Key rate R formula are as follows:
Wherein f is error-correction protocol efficiency, and H (X) is shannon entropy, EμIt is quantum bit error rate.
Fig. 2 is simulation result diagram of the phase matched quantum key distribution under weak coherent light source and forecast single-photon light source.
Solid black lines are the linear limitations of quantum key distribution protocol cipher rate, the key rate of any quantum key distribution agreement before
All under this solid black lines, blue dotted line is the key of the phase matched quantum key distribution agreement based on weak coherent light source
Rate, red pecked line are the key rates of the phase matched quantum key distribution agreement based on forecast single-photon light source.It can from Fig. 2
Know, under identical simulation parameter for phase matched quantum key distribution agreement based on forecast single-photon light source key rate compared to
Key rate based on weak coherent light source improves an order of magnitude；When key rate is 10-8When, for phase under identical simulation parameter
Quantum key distribution agreement is matched, the communication distance based on weak coherent light source is 400km or so, but based on forecast monochromatic light sub-light
The communication distance in source is considerably beyond 500km.
As seen from the above analysis, using the phase matched quantum key delivering method based on forecast single-photon light source
Afterwards, the key rate that phase matched quantum key distribution agreement still breaches quantum key distribution linearly limits, and compared to base
The all very big promotion of phase matched quantum key distribution in weak coherent light source, key rate and communication distance.
Phase matched quantum key distribution agreement uses weak coherent light source in theory analysis, but due to weak relevant
The high therefore agreement of the window pulse accounting of light source nevertheless suffers from the influence of light source in key rate and communication distance.The present invention will be pre-
Signal optical source of the declaration form photon light source as communicating pair Alice and Bob, then signal arteries and veins of the Alice and Bob to light source output
Punching respectively carries out key coding, and the signal pulse after coding is transferred at third party Charlie to (Charlie can be surreptitiously
Hearer), on the basis of Charlie announces the result of detector under effectively interference, Alice and Bob obtain screening key, then pass through
Negotiate and secret is amplified, can get security key between Alice and Bob.Therefore the present invention is improving phase matched quantum key point
It sends out and improves in the key rate and communication distance of agreement.The present invention is based on the characteristics of forecast single-photon light source, using certainly
It sends out parametric down conversion and generates photon pair, the arrival of another photon is forecast using the detection result of one of photon, thus
The ratio for substantially reducing window pulse, higher key can be obtained by being applied in phase matched quantum key distribution agreement
Rate and secure communication distance.The present invention has the advantages that structure is simple, it is convenient to realize, is suitable for phase matched quantum key distribution
Agreement is applied to practical remote and high quality communication, has important theory significance and application value.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of phase matched quantum key delivering method based on forecast single-photon light source, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: forecast single-photon light source output signal pulses, for forecasting single-photon light source, the distribution of signal photon meets heat
Allocation of square；Photon probability-distribution function is obtained according to signal photon distribution function:
Wherein, Pu(n) forecast single-photon light source photon probability-distribution function, d are indicatedAAnd ηARespectively the side's Alice detector is dark
Counting rate and detection efficient, μ indicate the mean intensity of signal pulse, Ppost(μ) is rear select probability, and n indicates number of photons,
The signal pulse that communication party Alice and communication party Bob respectively emits forecast single-photon light source carries out phase code,
Wherein, one PM1 of phase-modulator encodes one k of random phase to the signal pulse of communication party Aliceaπ, kaEqual to 0 or 1；Phase tune
Two PM2 of device processed encodes random phase two to the signal pulse of communication party AliceThree PM3 of phase-modulator
Three k of random phase is encoded to the signal pulse of communication party Bobbπ, four PM4 of phase-modulator compile the signal pulse of communication party Bob
Code random phase fourWherein, kbEqual to 0 or 1；Communication party Alice and communication party's Bob As-deposited state indicate are as follows:
Wherein, A indicates that communication party Alice, B indicate that communication party Bob, i indicate imaginary unit；
Step 2: their signal pulse is sent to third party Charlie, third party by communication party Alice and communication party Bob
Charlie carries out interferometry using beam splitter BS and records the response results of four D4 of three D3 of detector and detector；Through
It crosses after beam splitter BS, four end D4 following formula subrepresentation of three D3 of detector and detector:
Then three D3 of detector and four D4 response probability of detector are respectively as follows:
Wherein, D3 indicates that detector three, D4 indicate that detector four, P (D3) are three D3 response probability of detector, and P (D4) is detection
Four D4 response probability of device；
Step 3: third party Charlie announces detector response results, and communication party Alice announces random phase twoCommunication party
Bob announces random phase four
Step 4: communicating pair Alice and communication party Bob repeats step 1-2；When third party Charlie announces a success events
When, ifAlice (Bob) obtains key k if three D3 of detector responsea(kb), if four D4 of detector is rung
Then key k should be obtained by Alice (Bob)a(！kb),！Expression negates；IfIf three D3 of detector response
Alice (Bob) obtains key ka(！kb), Alice (Bob) obtains key k if four D4 of detector responsea(kb)；
Fixed phase matches phase error rate in quantum key distribution agreementIt indicates are as follows:
Wherein,qnIndicate accounting of the n-photon response signal to overall response signal, QμIndicate overall response semaphore,
Pu(n) forecast single-photon light source photon probability-distribution function, Y are indicatednIndicate that the probability that n-photon responds at detector end, n indicate
Number of photons obtains the key rate R formula based on forecast single-photon light source phase matched quantum key distribution are as follows:
Wherein, f is error-correction protocol efficiency, and H (X) is shannon entropy, EμIt is quantum bit error rate.
2. the phase matched quantum key delivering method according to claim 1 based on forecast single-photon light source, feature exist
In: the distribution of signal photon meets following hot allocation of square in step 1: Wherein, ρμIndicate forecast single-photon light source distribution of photons state, μ indicates signal pulse
Mean intensity, dAAnd ηAThe respectively dark count rate and detection efficient of the side's Alice detector, Ppost(μ) is rear select probability, |
0 > < 0 | it is vacuum state, | n > < n | it is n-photon state, n indicates number of photons.
3. the phase matched quantum key delivering method according to claim 2 based on forecast single-photon light source, feature exist
In: rear select probability
4. the phase matched quantum key delivering method according to claim 1 based on forecast single-photon light source, feature exist
In: detector response results are that three D3 of detector is responded or four D4 of detector is responded in step 3.
5. the phase matched quantum key delivering method according to claim 1 based on forecast single-photon light source, feature exist
In: success events are the response of only one detector of synchronization in step 4.
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| CN111294206A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-06-16 | 南京大学 | Quantum conference key negotiation method and system |
| CN111294206B (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-28 | 南京大学 | Quantum conference key negotiation method and system |
| CN114640400A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-06-17 | 济南量子技术研究院 | TF (TransFlash) type QKD (quantum key distribution) system based on single-photon detector and implementation method thereof |
| WO2023221382A1 (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2023-11-23 | 南京邮电大学 | Global phase tracking prediction method suitable for twin-field quantum key distribution system |
| CN116488805A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-07-25 | 正则量子(北京)技术有限公司 | Quantum key distribution method and system, quantum measurement method and device |
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