CN110220977A - Pipeline configuration TOFD based on mode converted wave detects near surface blind region suppressing method - Google Patents
Pipeline configuration TOFD based on mode converted wave detects near surface blind region suppressing method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
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Abstract
A kind of pipeline configuration TOFD detection near surface blind region suppressing method based on mode converted wave, belongs to technical field of nondestructive testing.This method uses the TOFD detection system being made of reflectoscope, TOFD probe, inclination organic glass voussoir and scanning equipment, implements the scanning of TOFD circumferential direction and Image Acquisition along pipeline outer wall.Read defect upper and lower end dot pattern converted wave arc top depth and eccentricity in scanning image, and the acoustic propagation relationship between combination Pipeline Curvature radius, TOFD center probe spacing and defect endpoint, the depth of defect, length and tilt angle near surface blind region is calculated.This method is easy to operate, without complicated signal processing, pipeline configuration TOFD can substantially be inhibited to detect near surface blind region, and can be realized the accurate of defect near surface blind region and quantify, and can be applied to industrial pipeline detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of, and the pipeline configuration TOFD based on mode converted wave detects near surface blind region suppressing method, belongs to
In technical field of nondestructive testing.
Background technique
Pipeline configuration is widely used in the industries such as petrochemical industry, electric power and natural gas.By people in welding and installation process
For, by medium, pressure comprehensive function, pipeline inside generates different degrees of defect, it is necessary to implement in factor influence or operational process
Non-destructive testing.Ultrasonic diffraction time difference method (Time of Flight Diffraction, TOFD) is wide one of current application
Class non-destructive testing technology has many advantages, such as that detection sensitivity is high, precision is high and high-efficient.However, straight-through wave letter when TOFD is detected
Number easily with diffraction longitudinal wave signal aliasing, near surface blind region is formed.When especially implementing circumferential scanning to pipeline configuration, surface curvature
And the increase of center probe spacing causes pipeline depth of the near surface blind region to increase, the defects of near surface larger range is difficult to realize examine
Out and quantitatively.
Currently, TOFD detection near surface blind region suppressing method mainly includes three classes: adjustment TOFD detection parameters such as improve inspection
Measured frequency and reduction center probe spacing；The time point for receiving signal is improved in conjunction with the methods of spectrum analysis and autoregressive spectrum extrapolation
Distinguish power；Using after multiple reflections, the transition time, longer diffracted signal carried out defects detection near surface blind region.Existing side
The TOFD detection near surface blind region that method is suitable for slab construction inhibits, but non-specific aim considers pipeline configuration surface curvature to nearly table
The influence of face blind area and defect quantitative detection.The invention proposes a kind of, and the pipeline configuration TOFD detection based on mode converted wave is close
Surface blind region suppressing method effectively realizes depth, length and the accurate quantitative detection of tilt angle of defect in blind area.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of pipeline configuration TOFD detection near surface blind region suppressing method based on mode converted wave.Its mesh
Be when carrying out TOFD for pipeline configuration to detect circumferential scanning, Pipeline Curvature causes depth of the near surface blind region to increase, defect end
Point diffraction longitudinal wave be buried in straight-through wave signal, can not in blind area defect quantitative detect the problem of, using mode converted wave,
Acoustic propagation relationship between TOFD center probe spacing, pipeline outer wall radius of curvature and defect endpoint depth is based on Fermat's theorem
With TOFD circumferential direction scanning image, substantially inhibition and the depth of defect, length of pipeline configuration TOFD detection near surface blind region are realized
It is quantitative with tilt angle.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of pipeline configuration TOFD detection near surface blind region based on mode converted wave
Suppressing method, when carrying out TOFD detection circumferential direction scanning for pipeline configuration, Pipeline Curvature causes depth of the near surface blind region to increase, closely
Surface defect endpoint diffraction longitudinal wave is buried in straight-through wave signal, it is difficult to the problem of to defect quantitative, using mode converted wave,
Acoustic propagation relationship between TOFD center probe spacing, Pipeline Curvature radius and the upper and lower endpoint of defect, based on Fermat's theorem and
TOFD circumferential direction scanning image, realize pipeline configuration TOFD detection near surface blind region substantially inhibition and depth of defect, length and
Tilt angle is quantitative；It is characterized in that: the method uses following steps:
(a) TOFD detection parameters determine
It is popped one's head according to the material of tested pipeline, geometric dimension and the preferred TOFD detection parameters of range to be detected, including TOFD
Frequency, wedge angle, center probe spacing, detection gain and sample frequency；
(b) detection data acquires
There are axially distributed area-type defect in pipeline near surface blind region, the upper and lower endpoint of defect is set to A and B；
Using the TOFD detection parameters determined in step (a), control TOFD probe carries out circumferential scanning along pipeline outer wall, obtains scanning figure
As and to straight-through wave is calibrated；
(c) defect endpoint depth localization
If pipeline outer wall radius of curvature is R, wall thickness T, O point is the pipeline center of circle, and material is horizontal, longitudinal wave velocity is respectively cSWith
cL；TOFD center probe spacing is 2S, and two probe line central points are O ', and leading directly to pulse width is tp, then pipeline configuration TOFD
Detecting near surface blind region theoretical depth D is
For defect upper extreme point A, if upper end dot pattern converted wave arc top position is t when corresponding to propagation soundA, then scanning image
Middle mode converted wave arc top depth d "AFor
Arc top horizontal space between Define defects upper end dot pattern converted wave and diffraction longitudinal wave is eccentricity Δ SA, upper end
AO ' spacing at the position of dot pattern converted wave arc top is d 'A；Read the d " in scanning imageAWith Δ SA, when being detected according to TOFD
Geometrical relationship between probe positions and defect endpoint, it is known that t when upper extreme point propagation soundAMeet formula (3)
Joint type (2) and formula (3) arrangement can obtain
S, Δ S in formula (4)A、d″A、cSAnd cLParameter is known quantity, and inverting obtains d 'A；
In conjunction with pipeline outer wall radius of curvature R, the distance d of defect upper extreme point A to center of circle OAOIt can be calculated by formula (5)
According to the distance d of defect upper extreme point to the center of circleAO, obtain vertical depth d of the defect upper extreme point away from pipeline external surfaceAFor
Similarly, defect lower end dot pattern converted wave arc top depth d " is readBWith eccentricity Δ SB, calculate and provide defect
Lower extreme point depth dB；
(d) defect length is quantitative
The upper and lower endpoint of Define defects is to the angle in the center of circle, i.e. ∠ AOB is β, and correspondence pipeline outer wall arc length is L；According to
TOFD circumferential direction scanning image knows that L is equal to the horizontal spacing between mode converted wave upper and lower end point symmetry point, then β is given by formula (7)
Out
The upper and lower endpoint depth d of simultaneous defectAAnd dB, obtaining defect length H is
(e) defect orientation is quantitative
The line segment AO and defect face angle in Define defects upper extreme point to the center of circle are orientation angle alpha, are provided using formula (8)
Defect length H, α, which is calculated, according to trigonometric function relationship is
According to above-mentioned steps, at the same obtain pipeline configuration TOFD detection near surface blind region in defect upper and lower endpoint depth,
Length and tilt angle.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: this pipeline configuration TOFD detection near surface blind region based on mode converted wave inhibits
Method detects circumferential scanning using TOFD and disposably obtains a wide range of detection data, improves detection efficiency；According to scanning image
Middle defect endpoint mode converted wave arc top depth and eccentricity information and center probe spacing, pipeline outer wall curvature half
Acoustic propagation relationship between diameter and defect endpoint realizes that pipeline configuration near surface blind region inhibits, and obtains near surface blind region simultaneously
The information such as endpoint depth, length and the tilt angle of interior defect；This method is easy to operate, can be effectively applied to industrial pipeline inspection
It surveys, auxiliary improves testing staff's efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described with example with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the TOFD detecting system schematic diagram that the present invention uses.
Fig. 2 is the pipeline test block figure processed near surface and bury type crackle.
Fig. 3 is pipeline near surface blind region internal fissure quantitative detection schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the circumferential scanning image of upper extreme point depth 3.0mm, length 3.0mm Incline Crack.
Specific embodiment
Pipeline near surface flaw TOFD quantitative detecting method based on mode converted wave, the ultrasonic testing system of use is as schemed
Shown in 1, including ultrasound measuring instrument, a pair of TOFD ultrasonic probe, a pair of of longitudinal wave voussoir, mechanical scanning device etc..Specific inspection
It surveys and processing step is as follows:
(a) subjects carbon steel piping test block as shown in Figure 2, exterior radius R=148.0mm, wall thickness T=30.0mm,
Material longitudinal wave velocity cL=5890m/s, transverse wave velocity cS=3230m/s.Test block near-surface region machined upper extreme point depth
3.0mm, lower extreme point depth 5.6mm, length 3.0mm, 30 ° of tilt angle of axial crack.
(b) as shown in figure 3, using centre frequency 10MHz TOFD ultrasonic probe examinations.Predominantly detect parameter packet
It includes: 70 ° of longitudinal wave wedge angle, voussoir forward position length 6.0mm, center probe spacing 2S=40.0mm, sample frequency 100MHz, inspection
Survey gain 80dB, scanning stepping 0.30mm, A sweep time window initial position are set as before straight-through wave arrival receiving transducer.
(c) it is popped one's head in using TOFD and circumferential scanning is carried out to the type crackle that buries in carbon steel piping test block, obtained shown in Fig. 4
TOFD detects B scanning image.Wherein, straight-through pulse width is about 0.30 μ s, can be calculated TOFD detection near surface by formula (1)
Blind area theoretical depth is 6.25mm.Obviously, the upper and lower endpoint diffraction longitudinal wave signal of crackle is aliasing in straight-through wave, and crackle is located at
In TOFD check frequency, but mode converted wave is clearly separated with straight-through wave, is quantified using mode converted wave to crackle.It reads
Take crackle upper end dot pattern converted wave arc top depth d " in imageA=9.32mm, eccentricity Δ SA=18.4mm；Lower extreme point
Mode converted wave arc top depth d "B=13.79mm, eccentricity Δ SB=15.8mm.
(d) by crackle upper and lower end dot pattern converted wave arc top depth d "AWith d "B, eccentricity Δ SAWith Δ SBIt substitutes into
Formula (4) inverting obtains d 'AWith d 'B, it is respectively d that the upper and lower endpoint depth of crackle further, which is calculated, by formula (6)A=3.03mm and
dB=5.46mm.
(e) it from the horizontal spacing L=0.6mm in Fig. 4 between read mode converted wave upper and lower end point symmetry point, is split
Given data is substituted into formula (8) to angle β=0.23 ° in the center of circle by the upper and lower endpoint of line, and can obtain crack length quantitative result is H=
2.86mm。
(f) calculated crack length H, substituting into formula (9) and can obtaining crack inclination angle degree α is 31.44 °.
In summary, pipeline configuration TOFD detects near surface blind region and is suppressed within 3.0mm, and the upper and lower endpoint of crackle is deep
It spends quantitative error and is no more than 0.14mm, quantitative-length error is 0.14mm, and tilt angle quantitative error is 1.44 °.Therefore, it utilizes
This method can realize that the quantitative detection of defect in pipeline configuration TOFD detection near surface blind region, detection accuracy meet engineering demand.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of pipeline configuration TOFD based on mode converted wave detects near surface blind region suppressing method, carried out for pipeline configuration
When TOFD detects circumferential scanning, Pipeline Curvature causes depth of the near surface blind region to increase, and near surface flaw endpoint diffraction longitudinal wave is fallen into oblivion
In straight-through wave signal, it is difficult to the problem of to defect quantitative, utilize mode converted wave, TOFD center probe spacing, Pipeline Curvature
Acoustic propagation relationship between radius and the upper and lower endpoint of defect is based on Fermat's theorem and TOFD circumferential direction scanning image, realizes pipeline knot
Structure TOFD detects the substantially inhibition and depth of defect of near surface blind region, length and tilt angle quantify；It is characterized in that: described
Method uses following steps:
(a) TOFD detection parameters determine
According to the material of tested pipeline, geometric dimension and the preferred TOFD detection parameters of range to be detected, including TOFD frequency probe,
Wedge angle, center probe spacing, detection gain and sample frequency；
(b) detection data acquires
There are axially distributed area-type defect in pipeline near surface blind region, the upper and lower endpoint of defect is set to A and B；Using
The TOFD detection parameters determined in step (a), control TOFD probe carry out circumferential scanning along pipeline outer wall, obtain scanning image simultaneously
Straight-through wave is calibrated；
(c) defect endpoint depth localization
If pipeline outer wall radius of curvature is R, wall thickness T, O point is the pipeline center of circle, and material is horizontal, longitudinal wave velocity is respectively cSAnd cL；
TOFD center probe spacing is 2S, and two probe line central points are O ', and leading directly to pulse width is tp, then pipeline configuration TOFD is examined
Surveying near surface blind region theoretical depth D is
For defect upper extreme point A, if upper end dot pattern converted wave arc top position is t when corresponding to propagation soundA, then mould in scanning image
Formula converted wave arc top depth d "AFor
Arc top horizontal space between Define defects upper end dot pattern converted wave and diffraction longitudinal wave is eccentricity Δ SA, upper extreme point mould
AO ' spacing at the position of formula converted wave arc top is d 'A；Read the d " in scanning imageAWith Δ SA, probe when being detected according to TOFD
Geometrical relationship between position and defect endpoint, it is known that t when upper extreme point propagation soundAMeet formula (3)
Joint type (2) and formula (3) arrangement can obtain
S, Δ S in formula (4)A、d″A、cSAnd cLParameter is known quantity, and inverting obtains d 'A；
In conjunction with pipeline outer wall radius of curvature R, the distance d of defect upper extreme point A to center of circle OAOIt can be calculated by formula (5)
According to the distance d of defect upper extreme point to the center of circleAO, obtain vertical depth d of the defect upper extreme point away from pipeline external surfaceAFor
Similarly, defect lower end dot pattern converted wave arc top depth d " is readBWith eccentricity Δ SB, calculate and provide defect lower end
Point depth dB；
(d) defect length is quantitative
The upper and lower endpoint of Define defects is to the angle in the center of circle, i.e. ∠ AOB is β, and correspondence pipeline outer wall arc length is L；According to TOFD weeks
Know to scanning image, L is equal to the horizontal spacing between mode converted wave upper and lower end point symmetry point, then β is provided by formula (7)
The upper and lower endpoint depth d of simultaneous defectAAnd dB, obtaining defect length H is
(e) defect orientation is quantitative
The line segment AO and defect face angle in Define defects upper extreme point to the center of circle are orientation angle alpha, the defect provided using formula (8)
Length H, α, which is calculated, according to trigonometric function relationship is
According to above-mentioned steps, while obtaining upper and lower endpoint depth, the length of defect in pipeline configuration TOFD detection near surface blind region
And tilt angle.
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| CN115479991A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-16 | 大连理工大学 | Ultrasonic TOFD detection method for structural defects of spherical seal head |
| CN115684350A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-02-03 | 唐山诚储信息技术服务有限公司 | Nondestructive flaw detection method for metal roller |
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Cited By (3)
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Application publication date: 20190910 |