CN110216748A - 具有抗菌功能的无醛uv木工板及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
具有抗菌功能的无醛uv木工板及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110216748A CN110216748A CN201910467221.2A CN201910467221A CN110216748A CN 110216748 A CN110216748 A CN 110216748A CN 201910467221 A CN201910467221 A CN 201910467221A CN 110216748 A CN110216748 A CN 110216748A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板及其制备工艺,该木工板依次包括基材、抗菌层和UV固化层,抗菌层中含有除醛抗菌微球,除醛抗菌微球包括纳米聚合物空心微球,纳米聚合物空心微球的中心渗透有油包水液滴,油包水液滴包括处于外层的竹醋液和处于内层的氢氧化钠水溶液,氢氧化钠水溶液中分散有二氧化钛气溶胶粒子。竹醋液不仅能够吸收甲醛等挥发性有害气体,而能够对细菌和真菌都具有光谱性的杀菌效率;内层的氢氧化钠水溶液能够快速地捕捉甲醛,而二氧化钛气溶胶粒子则能够将氢氧化钠水溶液捕捉到的甲醛分子氧化,水相和油相协同配合,共同实现对家居环境中甲醛等挥发性有害气体的持续净化,实现对有害细菌和真菌的持续杀灭和抑制。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于木工板制作工艺领域,具体涉及一种具有抗菌功能的无醛UV 木工板及其制备工艺。
背景技术
饰面板是一种用于室内装修或家具制造的表面材料,是将天然木材或科技木刨切成一定厚度的薄片粘附于胶合板表面,经热压而成的。饰面板的表面,通常还会粘附三聚氰胺浸渍薄膜纸,获得最终的木工板成品。
随着人们对家具环境越来越高的要求,我国相应地出台了GBT/28995-2012 《人造板饰面专用装饰纸》的行业标准,对三聚氰胺浸渍薄膜纸的甲醛释放量进行了限制。而目前常规设计的饰面板和三聚氰胺浸渍薄膜纸的甲醛释放量往往是远高于上述标准的,这对维持人们家具环境健康不利。
为了减少木工板的甲醛释放量,目前的改进思路主要包括两类:
(1)如公开号为CN 206902476 U的中国实用新型专利公开了一种低甲醛释放量的三聚氰胺浸渍装饰胶膜纸,该胶膜纸包括原纸浸渍纸层以及设置于原纸浸渍纸层两侧表面上的粘接层和表层,原纸浸渍纸层通过粘接层贴合于板材的一侧表面上,粘接层为三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂层,其中,粘接层与原纸浸渍纸层间设有甲醛吸收层,板材与粘接层间设有甲壳素层。
该技术利用甲醛吸收层和甲壳素层的吸收作用吸收粘接层中挥发出的甲醛气体,以减少三聚氰胺浸渍装饰胶膜纸的甲醛释放量。然而,甲醛吸附层的设置股工艺较为复杂且成本较高,同时甲壳素对甲醛的净化能力有限,难以实现长久净化,不能从根本上解决甲醛释放的问题。
(2)如公开号为CN 207700420 U的中国实用新型专利公开了一种UV抗菌防火板材,该板材包括基材、热转印层、抗菌层和UV固化层。
该板材利用UV固化层饰面代替传统的三聚氰胺浸渍薄膜纸,在紫外光照射下,饰面UV涂料形成的胶膜不含甲醛以及其他挥发性有机物。然而,该板材中抗菌层采用的都是传统的有机或天然抗菌剂,而传统的有机抗菌剂的安全性目前尚无定论,传统的天然抗菌剂的抗菌性能较差。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的是提供一种具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板及其制备工艺,所述的无醛UV木工板具有优异的抗菌性能和甲醛吸附性能。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板,依次包括基材、抗菌层和UV固化层,所述的抗菌层中含有除醛抗菌微球,该除醛抗菌微球包括纳米聚合物空心微球,所述的纳米聚合物空心微球的中心渗透有油包水液滴,该油包水液滴包括处于外层的竹醋液和处于内层的氢氧化钠水溶液,所述的氢氧化钠水溶液中分散有二氧化钛气溶胶粒子。
本发明在抗菌层中添加了除醛抗菌微球,该除醛抗菌微球中带有油包水液滴,其中,外层的竹醋液不仅能够吸收甲醛等挥发性有害气体,而且对细菌和真菌都具有广谱性的杀菌效率,同时纳米聚合物空心微球的包埋能够阻止竹醋液蒸发,有效延长竹醋液发挥效力的时长;而内层的氢氧化钠水溶液则能够快速地捕捉甲醛,其中的二氧化钛气溶胶粒子则能够将氢氧化钠水溶液捕捉到的甲醛分子氧化,竹醋液和纳米聚合物空心微球对氢氧化钠水溶液液滴的包裹也能够有效延长氢氧化钠水溶液发挥效力的时长;水相和油相协同配合,共同实现对家居环境中甲醛等挥发性有害气体的持续净化,实现对有害细菌和真菌的持续杀灭和抑制。
并且,本发明的抗菌层中采用的竹醋液是纯天然的植物提取物,环保无毒,氢氧化钠和二氧化钛气溶胶也没有任何毒性,这就使得整个木工板更加环保。
在上述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板中,所述的纳米聚合物空心微球的平均粒径在100-150nm。纳米聚合物空心微球中均匀而细密的空隙不仅便于油包水液滴快速地渗透至微球的中心,而且也便于油包水液滴有效地吸附接触到的细菌或真菌。
在上述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板中,所述的纳米聚合物空心微球为聚甲基丙烯酸-二乙烯苯空心微球。
在上述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板中,所述的氢氧化钠水溶液的浓度为0.5-0.8mol/L。
在上述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板中,所述的二氧化钛气溶胶粒子的粒径不大于50nm。这种粒径下的二氧化钛气溶胶粒子对甲醛的净化效率最高,而且也能够避免因油包水液滴过大而降低油包水液滴渗透至微球中心的数量。
在上述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板中,按质量份计,所述的抗菌层的原料组成包括:水40-50份,纳米聚合物空心微球12-24份,油包水体系4-8 份,湿润剂0.15-0.2份,分散剂0.2-0.6份,消泡剂0.1-0.2份。
在上述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板中,所述的抗菌层的原料液由以下方式获得:
(a)利用竹醋液和分散有二氧化钛气溶胶粒子的氢氧化钠水溶液制作油包水体系;
(b)将纳米聚合物空心微球与油包水体系按质量比3:1混合均匀,搅拌2-3 h,使油包水液滴渗透至纳米聚合物空心微球内,获得除醛抗菌微球母液;
(c)按预设的质量份,在水中加入湿润剂、分散剂和消泡剂,搅拌均匀后加入所述的除醛抗菌微球母液,获得所述的抗菌层的原料液。
在上述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板中,按质量百分数计,所述的油包水体系的原料组成包括:
5-6%矿油,1-2%EM90,0.1-0.3%triton 100,1-2%十八醇聚氧丙烯醚,1-2%异脂肪酸山梨醇酯,25-30%竹醋液,40-50%氢氧化钠溶液,10-15%二氧化钛气溶胶粒子,2-3%尿素,0.5-1%硫酸镁;
将硫酸镁和尿素加入到氢氧化钠溶液中,充分溶解后加入二氧化钛气溶胶粒子,获得水相;将矿油、EM90、triton 100、十八醇聚氧丙烯醚、异脂肪酸山梨醇酯和竹醋液充分混匀后,加热至35℃,获得油相;在强烈搅拌下,将水相缓慢加入到油相中,均质50-60min,获得所述的油包水体系。
本发明一种具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板的制备工艺包括如下步骤:
(1)在基材表面均匀喷涂抗菌层原料液,养护至表面干燥;
(2)继续在基材的两底三面喷涂UV涂料,喷涂完成后养护20-30h,获得所述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板。
作为优选,在上述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板的制备工艺的步骤中,抗菌层原料液的用量为6-10g/m2。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在:
(1)本发明在抗菌层中添加了除醛抗菌微球,该除醛抗菌微球中带有油包水液滴,其中,外层的竹醋液不仅能够吸收甲醛等挥发性有害气体,而且对细菌和真菌都具有广谱性的杀菌效率,同时纳米聚合物空心微球的包埋能够阻止竹醋液蒸发,有效延长竹醋液发挥效力的时长;而内层的氢氧化钠水溶液则能够快速地捕捉甲醛,其中的二氧化钛气溶胶粒子则能够将氢氧化钠水溶液捕捉到的甲醛分子氧化,竹醋液和纳米聚合物空心微球对氢氧化钠水溶液液滴的包裹也能够有效延长氢氧化钠水溶液发挥效力的时长;水相和油相协同配合,共同实现对家居环境中甲醛等挥发性有害气体的持续净化,实现对有害细菌和真菌的持续杀灭和抑制。
(2)本发明的抗菌层中采用的竹醋液是纯天然的植物提取物,环保无毒,氢氧化钠和二氧化钛气溶胶也没有任何毒性,这就使得整个木工板更加环保。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板的结构示意图;
图2为图1的抗菌层中除醛抗菌微球的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细说明。
实施例1
如图1所示,本实施例一种具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板,依次包括基材1、抗菌层2和UV固化层3。
其中,该基材1依次包括细木工板层11、第一胶黏剂层14、杨木单板层12、第二胶黏剂层15和奥古曼板层13,为了从根源上降低木工板的甲醛释放量,本实施例中,该第一胶黏剂层14和第二胶黏剂层15均采用大豆胶。
如图2所示,抗菌层2中含有除醛抗菌微球4,该除醛抗菌微球4包括纳米聚合物空心微球41,自纳米聚合物空心微球41的孔隙处向中心渗透有油包水液滴42,该油包水液滴42包括处于外层的竹醋液和处于内层的氢氧化钠水溶液,氢氧化钠水溶液中分散有二氧化钛气溶胶粒子42c。
本实施例中采用的纳米聚合物空心微球41为聚甲基丙烯酸-二乙烯苯空心微球,平均粒径大约为100-150nm,这种纳米聚合物空心微球41的表面具有均匀而细密的孔隙,不仅便于油包水液滴42快速地渗透至微球的中心,而且也便于油包水液滴42有效地吸附接触到的细菌或真菌。
油包水液滴42中,竹醋液层42a不仅能够吸收甲醛等挥发性有害气体,而且对细菌和真菌都具有广谱性的杀菌效率;而内侧的氢氧化钠水溶液液滴42b 则能够快速地捕捉甲醛,其中的二氧化钛气溶胶粒子42c则能够将氢氧化钠水溶液液滴42b捕捉到的甲醛分子氧化。
本实施例中采用的二氧化钛气溶胶粒子42c的粒径应不大于50nm,在20-30 nm之间较为合适,便于渗透至纳米聚合物空心微球41的中心。该二氧化钛气溶胶粒子42c可以参照文献(施利毅,李春忠,古宏晨,等.气相合成二氧化钛超细粒子的形态及其光催化性[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(2):134-138)公开的方法制备。
该具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板的制备工艺包括以下步骤:
(1)在基材1表面均匀喷涂抗菌层2的原料液,该抗菌层2的原料液的用量为8g/m2,养护6h至表面干燥;
其中,该基材1由以下方法获得:
①将细木工板进行表面净化(如补腻子、表面砂光处理),使细木工板表面平整且无缺陷;
②将杨木单板涂上大豆胶后覆盖于细木工板上,并利用热压的方式使杨木单板与细木工板相粘合,其中,热压的压力为1.0MPa,热压的温度为140℃,热压的时间为120s;
③将奥古曼木皮贴覆于杨木单板的表面,其中,贴覆的压力为1.0MPa,贴覆的温度为120℃,贴覆的时间为7min。
该抗菌层2的原料液由以下方法获得:
(a)制作油包水体系;
按质量百分数计,该油包水体系的原料组成包括:6%矿油,2% EM90,0.2%triton 100,2%十八醇聚氧丙烯醚,1.8%异脂肪酸山梨醇酯,28%竹醋液,44%氢氧化钠溶液,12%二氧化钛气溶胶粒子,3%尿素,1%硫酸镁。
油包水体系的制作方法为:将硫酸镁和尿素加入到氢氧化钠溶液中,充分溶解后加入二氧化钛气溶胶粒子,获得水相;将矿油、EM90、triton 100、十八醇聚氧丙烯醚、异脂肪酸山梨醇酯和竹醋液充分混匀后,加热至35℃,获得油相;在强烈搅拌下,将水相缓慢加入到油相中,均质60min,获得油包水体系。
(b)取纳米聚合物空心微球15份、油包水体系5份,混合均匀,使油包水液滴渗透至纳米聚合物空心微球内,获得除醛抗菌微球母液;
(c)取水35份,向水中加入湿润剂0.15份,分散剂0.4份和消泡剂0.15 份,搅拌均匀后加入除醛抗菌微球母液,获得抗菌层2的原料液。
(2)将基材1送入UV喷涂设备中,继续在基材1的两底三面喷涂UV涂料,待随后一面漆膜喷涂完成后,养护24h;获得本实施例的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板。
对比例1
本实施例一种具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板,依次包括基材1、抗菌层2 和UV固化层3,其中,该基材1依次包括细木工板层11、第一胶黏剂层14、杨木单板层12、第二胶黏剂层15和奥古曼板层13;其制备工艺包括以下步骤:
(1)在基材1表面均匀喷涂抗菌层2的原料液,该抗菌层2的原料液的用量为8g/m2,养护6h至表面干燥;
其中,该基材1包括细木工板层11、杨木单板层12和奥古曼板层13,由以下方法获得:
①将细木工板进行表面净化(如补腻子、表面砂光处理),使细木工板表面平整且无缺陷;
②将杨木单板涂上大豆胶后覆盖于细木工板上,并利用热压的方式使杨木单板与细木工板相粘合,其中,热压的压力为1.0MPa,热压的温度为140℃,热压的时间为120s;
③将奥古曼木皮贴覆于杨木单板的表面,其中,贴覆的压力为1.0MPa,贴覆的温度为120℃,贴覆的时间为7min。
该抗菌层2的原料液由以下方法获得:
(a)取纳米聚合物空心微球15份、油包水体系5份,混合均匀,使油包水液滴渗透至纳米聚合物空心微球内,获得除醛抗菌微球母液;
(b)取水35份,向水中加入湿润剂0.15份,分散剂0.4份和消泡剂0.15 份,搅拌均匀后加入除醛抗菌微球母液,获得抗菌层2的原料液。
(2)将基材1送入UV喷涂设备中,继续在基材1的两底三面喷涂UV涂料,待随后一面漆膜喷涂完成后,养护24h;获得本对比例的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板。
对比例2
本实施例一种具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板,依次包括基材1、抗菌层2 和UV固化层3,其中,该基材1依次包括细木工板层11、第一胶黏剂层14、杨木单板层12、第二胶黏剂层15和奥古曼板层13;其制备工艺包括以下步骤:
(1)在基材1表面均匀喷涂竹醋液,该竹醋液的用量为8g/m2,养护6h 至表面干燥;
其中,该基材1包括细木工板层11、杨木单板层12和奥古曼板层13,由以下方法获得:
①将细木工板进行表面净化如补腻子、表面砂光处理,使细木工板表面平整且无缺陷;
②将杨木单板涂上大豆胶后覆盖于细木工板上,并利用热压的方式使杨木单板与细木工板相粘合,其中,热压的压力为1.0MPa,热压的温度为140℃,热压的时间为120s;
③将奥古曼木皮贴覆于杨木单板的表面,其中,贴覆的压力为1.0MPa,贴覆的温度为120℃,贴覆的时间为7min。
(2)将基材1送入UV喷涂设备中,继续在基材1的两底三面喷涂UV涂料,待随后一面漆膜喷涂完成后,养护24h;获得本对比例的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板。
根据GB/T 5849-2006《细木工板》对实施例1、对比例1和2的木工板的甲醇释放量进行检测;根据JCT 1074-2008《室内空气净化功能涂覆材料净化性能》检测各木工板的甲醛净化效率和甲醛净化效果持久性;测试效果见表1。根据抗菌检测标准JC/T 2039-2010《抗菌防霉木质装饰板》对各木工板的抗菌防霉效果进行测试,测试结果见表2。
表1
检测项目 | 甲醛释放量 | 甲醛净化效率 | 甲醛净化效果持久性 |
实施例1 | 0.05mg/L | 95% | 90% |
对比例1 | 0.5mg/L | 78% | 64% |
对比例2 | 0.5mg/L | 76% | 53% |
表2
Claims (10)
1.一种具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板,依次包括基材(1)、抗菌层(2)和UV固化层(3),其特征在于,所述的抗菌层(2)中含有除醛抗菌微球,该除醛抗菌微球包括纳米聚合物空心微球,所述的纳米聚合物空心微球的中心渗透有油包水液滴,该油包水液滴包括处于外层的竹醋液和处于内层的氢氧化钠水溶液,所述的氢氧化钠水溶液中分散有二氧化钛气溶胶粒子。
2.如权利要求1所述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板,其特征在于,所述的纳米聚合物空心微球的平均粒径在100-150nm。
3.如权利要求2所述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板,其特征在于,所述的纳米聚合物空心微球为聚甲基丙烯酸-二乙烯苯空心微球。
4.如权利要求1所述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板,其特征在于,所述的氢氧化钠水溶液的浓度为0.5-0.8mol/L。
5.如权利要求1所述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板,其特征在于,所述的二氧化钛气溶胶粒子的粒径不大于50nm。
6.如权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板,其特征在于,按质量份计,所述的抗菌层(2)的原料组成包括:水30-40份,纳米聚合物空心微球12-24份,油包水体系4-8份,湿润剂0.15-0.2份,分散剂0.2-0.6份,消泡剂0.1-0.2份。
7.如权利要求6所述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板,其特征在于,所述的抗菌层(2)的原料液由以下方式获得:
(a)利用竹醋液和分散有二氧化钛气溶胶粒子的氢氧化钠水溶液制作油包水体系;
(b)将纳米聚合物空心微球与油包水体系按质量比3:1混合均匀,搅拌2-3h,使油包水液滴渗透至纳米聚合物空心微球内,获得除醛抗菌微球母液;
(c)按预设的质量份,在水中加入湿润剂、分散剂和消泡剂,搅拌均匀后加入所述的除醛抗菌微球母液,获得所述的抗菌层(2)的原料液。
8.如权利要求7所述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板,其特征在于,按质量百分数计,所述的油包水体系的原料组成包括:
5-6%矿油,1-2%EM90,0.1-0.3%triton 100,1-2%十八醇聚氧丙烯醚,1-2%异脂肪酸山梨醇酯,25-30%竹醋液,40-50%氢氧化钠溶液,10-15%二氧化钛气溶胶粒子,2-3%尿素,0.5-1%硫酸镁;
将硫酸镁和尿素加入到氢氧化钠溶液中,充分溶解后加入二氧化钛气溶胶粒子,获得水相;将矿油、EM90、triton 100、十八醇聚氧丙烯醚、异脂肪酸山梨醇酯和竹醋液充分混匀后,加热至35℃,获得油相;在强烈搅拌下,将水相缓慢加入到油相中,均质50-60min,获得所述的油包水体系。
9.如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)在基材(1)表面均匀喷涂抗菌层(2)的原料液,养护至表面干燥;
(2)继续在基材(1)的两底三面喷涂UV涂料,喷涂完成后养护20-30h,获得所述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板。
10.如权利要求9所述的具有抗菌功能的无醛UV木工板的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,抗菌层(2)原料液的用量为6-10g/m2。
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