CN110214735B

CN110214735B - Sturgeon larva's fodder device of throwing something and feeding

Info

Publication number: CN110214735B
Application number: CN201910399112.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑百成
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-05-14
Filing date: 2019-05-14
Publication date: 2021-07-23
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-14
Also published as: CN110214735A

Abstract

The invention discloses a sturgeon larva feed feeding device which comprises a material storage container suspended on the water surface, wherein a feeding port is formed in the top end of the material storage container, a discharge port with a valve at the bottom of the material storage container is connected with the upper end of a feeding pipe, the lower end of the feeding pipe is connected with the top of a conical body, a material distribution device is arranged at the lower part of the feeding pipe close to the conical body, a plurality of feeding platforms are arranged on the periphery of the bottom of the conical body, the feeding platforms are connected with the material distribution device through material distribution pipes, the material distribution pipes are arranged along the conical surface of the conical body, and the feeding device further comprises a controller. The feed feeding device for the sturgeon larvae is highly adaptive to habit of the sturgeon larvae, can automatically adjust the depth of a feeding table according to distribution conditions of the sturgeons, is time-saving and labor-saving in feeding, high in feeding efficiency, uniform in feeding and high in feed utilization rate, and has high practical value.

Description

Sturgeon larva's fodder device of throwing something and feeding

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fish culture, in particular to a feed feeding device for fish culture, and particularly relates to a feed feeding device for culturing sturgeon larvae in a large-water-surface net cage.

Background

Aquatic products are increasingly popular with people as high-quality protein, and the specific gravity of the aquatic products in the dietary structure of people is increased year by year. For many years, aquaculture has become a major source of global aquatic product supply with its enormous development potential. In 2018, the total yield of the aquaculture in China exceeds 5000 ten thousand tons, and the aquaculture total yield accounts for more than 78% of the total yield of the aquaculture in China, so that the aquaculture total yield is the only major fishery country in the world where the total amount of the aquaculture aquatic products exceeds the total amount of fishing.

Sturgeons, i.e. fishes of the order sturgeon, are large fishes which lay eggs and breed in rivers, currently 2 families and 6 species belong to 27 species globally, and the growth period of the sturgeons is long, so that the sturgeons are not only protective species, but also important economic fishes for breeding. In the eighties of the last century, the large-scale culture of sturgeons starts, the culture yield is always low before 2003 and continuously rises later, at present, the culture yield of sturgeons in China is rapidly increased to 8-9 ten thousand tons/year from 2003, which accounts for about 85% of the total culture yield in the world, and the sturgeon culture large country is formed. At present, sturgeons bred in China relate to the 2 family of 3 genera, are native in China, and are also introduced from Russia, America and other countries, and the main species are Siberian sturgeons (Acipenser bairi Brandt), Stephania sturgeons (Acipenser schrenckii), Darby sturgeons (Acipenser dabryanus), Russian sturgeons (Acipenser gueldenstattenti), flashing sturgeons Acipenser stellas, and Gymnema sturgeons (Polyodon spathula). Further, chinese sturgeons (Acipenser sinensis) and the like are also cultivated, but are not industrialized. At present, modes such as running water culture, net cage culture, ecological circulating water culture, pond culture, large-water-surface grazing culture and the like suitable for intensification of various sturgeons are formed in China, wherein the net cage culture occupies a large share.

The sturgeon is large in size, the culture period is long, the longest service life can reach more than 30 years, the age of the sexual maturity fish is generally 6-9 years, the cultured sturgeon can grow to about 0.5 kg in the current year, the 2-year fish can grow to about 1.5 kg, and the 3-year fish can grow to about 2.5 kg. In natural population, sturgeon larvae before sexual maturity mainly eat benthic invertebrates, crustaceans, small fish, shrimp insect larvae and the like, and begin to eat various adult fishes and the like after 3-4 years of age. Most sturgeons are conical or fusiform in shape, have long protruding rhynchophylla, narrow head and tail, have mouth on ventral surface of head, and have horizontal opening facing downwards and small mouth crack. Generally, sturgeon larvae only eat baits below the head and the mouth, have the habit of searching and licking downwards, and rarely eat baits above the head upwards. Under the condition of artificial breeding, baits are generally fed to sturgeons only when the baits are settled below the head and the mouth of the sturgeons, and the sturgeons can take the baits. Therefore, the utilization rate of the bait for artificial feeding is influenced, the loss of the bait is increased, waste is caused, the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus is increased, and the sustainable development of the sturgeon industry is restricted and influenced.

In aquaculture, bait feeding is one of important links and is one of the most important factors for consuming human resources. At present, most cage culture and pond culture mainly adopt fixed-point timing feeder feeding or manual feeding, and have the problems of time and labor waste, high labor intensity, low efficiency, uneven feeding and low feed utilization rate. In order to solve the problem of production efficiency of aquaculture, various feeding facilities have been developed by related units at home and abroad, so that the labor production efficiency and the feed utilization rate are effectively improved. However, most of the feeding facilities are not matched with habits of sturgeon larvae, are suitable for sturgeon to lick when the mouth of the sturgeon faces downwards, and have not been reported yet. In order to fully utilize various large and small water surfaces and expand the culture scale of the net cage sturgeon larvae, the problem that a feed feeding device is matched with the habit of the sturgeon larvae when the sturgeon larvae are cultured in the net cage with a large water surface is solved according to the ecological habit and behavior habit of the sturgeon larvae.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that the habit of a feed feeding device of sturgeon larvae is inconsistent with that of the sturgeon larvae when the sturgeon larvae are cultured in net cages in the prior art, time and labor are wasted, the feeding efficiency is low, the feeding is not uniform, and the feed utilization rate is low.

The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme for solving the technical problems: the utility model provides a sturgeon larva's fodder feeding device, is including suspending in the material storage container of the surface of water, and the top of material storage container is equipped with the dog-house, and the discharge gate that material storage container bottom had the valve links to each other with the upper end of feeding pipe, and the lower extreme of feeding pipe is connected with the top of a conical body, and the feeding pipe lower part that is close to the conical body is equipped with feed divider, and the bottom periphery of conical body is equipped with a plurality of and ingests the platform, ingest through the branch union coupling between platform and the feed divider, the conical surface setting of conical body is followed to the branch union coupling, feeding device still include the controller, the controller set up the upper portion at the material storage container. The feed storage container of the invention not only stores feed, but also plays a role of a buoy, so that the whole feeding device floats on the water surface. The dog-house is used for throwing in the fodder, except that the manual work throws the material, to the plant that sets up a plurality of feeding devices, can also put in every stock container with the fodder through the pay-off mode of other canalization. The bottom of the material storage container is provided with a discharge port communicated with the feeding pipe, and the discharge port is provided with an electric control valve which can open the feeding of the feed on time and control the feeding amount according to the setting of the controller, so that the feeding of the feed is trouble-saving and labor-saving. Feed divider is used for every platform of ingesting with the even distribution of fodder, makes the fodder spread to relatively great scope, is favorable to the foraging of sturgeon larva. In addition, the feeding table is arranged on the periphery of the bottom of a conical body, and the distribution surface of the feeding table is large; the tapered surface of conical body can guide the sturgeon larva of oral area down to seek food along the tapered surface to reach gradually and ingest a position, this kind of structure and sturgeon larva lick the high adaptation of habit, be favorable to very much guiding the seeking food of sturgeon larva, can improve greatly and throw the efficiency of feeding, reduce the unnecessary loss of fodder. The controller is arranged at the upper part of the material storage container, and the control panel of the controller is positioned above the water surface, so that the controller is convenient for workers to control and operate and read related data.

Preferably, the conical body is a cone, 8-12 triangular notches are formed in the periphery of the bottom of the conical body, a bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of each notch, a baffle is arranged on the outer edge of the bottom plate, the outlet of the material distributing pipe is located at the top end of each notch, the notches in the periphery of the bottom of the conical body form the feeding table, and the feeding tables are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the bottom of the conical body. The conical surface of the cone is smooth as a whole, which is beneficial to the activity of sturgeons; the gap at the periphery of the bottom of the cone and the bottom plate form a feeding table for stacking feed, and two side edges of the feeding table are of a structure with a high inside and a low outside, so that the activity of sturgeon larvae with downward mouth parts is facilitated; the outlet of the feed is positioned at the highest position of the feeding table, and the baffle plate at the outer edge part of the feeding table can prevent the feed from losing.

Preferably, the storage container is in a hollow spherical shape, the feeding pipe is a circular pipe, the diameter of the storage container is larger than that of the feeding pipe, and a mooring part is formed between the bottom of the storage container and the feeding pipe. The relative position of the feeding device can be fixed by the mooring part, so that the feeding device is located at a certain fixed position of the net cage, and the feeding device is prevented from moving along with water flow to influence foraging of sturgeons.

Preferably, the material distributing device comprises a material homogenizing motor arranged at the lower part of the feeding pipe, the material homogenizing motor is connected with a material homogenizing blade below the material homogenizing motor, a discharging funnel is formed at the upper end part of the material distributing pipe below the material homogenizing blade, and a contraction part is formed on the inner wall of the feeding pipe above the discharging funnel. The contraction part reduces the inner diameter of the feeding pipe, and the falling feed is ensured to pass through the feed divider. The feed homogenizing motor has the effects that feed is uniformly dispersed into each discharging hopper, so that the feed is prevented from being unevenly distributed; secondly, the rotation of the blades has a certain driving effect on the feed; and the rotating blades have the functions of dispersing and pushing (extruding) the agglomerated feed. The electric equipment is direct-current low-voltage equipment without potential safety hazard and adopts a waterproof structure.

Preferably, the upper part of the feeding pipe is of a telescopic structure, a telescopic motor is fixed at the lower part of the feeding pipe, a support frame is arranged at the discharge port of the material storage container, the telescopic motor is connected with a screw rod, and the upper end of the screw rod is arranged in a long screw sleeve in the center of the support frame in a penetrating manner; the upper part of the feeding pipe is a sleeve joint structure of a corrugated pipe or a plurality of circular pipes with different diameters; the telescopic motor is positioned on the central line of the feeding pipe, the telescopic motor is arranged in the sleeve, and the sleeve is fixed with the feeding pipe through the support. Considering that sturgeon larvae of different species and ages have different inhabitation water layers, the depth of the feeding table in water can be adjusted, and the screw rod is driven to rotate in the long screw sleeve by the rotation of the telescopic motor. The upper end of the screw rod extends into the material storage container, and the screw rod is long in length and can provide enough adjusting distance. Therefore, the feeding table can be positioned at a proper position in water by adjusting the length of the upper part of the feeding pipe. The long screw sleeve has a guiding function, so that when the feeding pipe stretches, the feeding pipe does not deflect greatly between the upper part and the lower part; the bellows is used as the telescopic pipe, so that the telescopic structure can be simplified. In addition, the support frame mainly provides the support of enough intensity for long spiro union, and when discharge gate department set up the support frame, the discharge gate that has the valve can set up the one side at the support frame.

Preferably, the cones at both sides of the feeding table are respectively provided with a light emitting device and a light receiving device, the light receiving devices are connected with a counter, the counter is connected with a controller, and the controller automatically adjusts the depth of the feeding table through a telescopic motor according to the count value. The conical bodies on the two sides of the food intake platform are respectively provided with a light emitting device and a light receiving device, and the light emitting device emits a light beam to point to the light receiving device. When sturgeon appeared between light transmission and light receiving arrangement, realized the count through blocking light, the controller is according to the data automatically regulated of counter and ingests the degree of depth of platform in water, makes and ingests the platform and finally stops in the great region of count value. The counting work can be carried out when feeding, also can be carried out in the non-feeding time, and is used as the detection reference data of the sturgeon activity area. For example, in the non-feeding period, the controller can change the depth of the feeding platforms at certain intervals, then count the feeding platforms, accumulate the count values of the feeding platforms, judge the concentrated water layer of the sturgeon according to the accumulated value of the counter, and finally stay in the region with larger count values by adjusting the depth of the feeding platforms in the water. The sturgeon perching water layer change caused by factors such as weather change, water temperature change or air pressure change can be adapted to, so that the feeding platform is placed to the densest water layer of the sturgeons to the maximum extent, and the feeding efficiency is improved.

Preferably, a cross rod extends outwards from the outlet of the material distributing pipe on the feeding platform, and a simulated bait is hung on the cross rod. The artificial baits such as small fish, shrimps or insects are made of materials such as plastics and rubber and hung above the feeding platform, and the artificial baits continuously float under the action of water flow, so that sturgeon larvae can be effectively attracted to find food, and the feeding efficiency is improved.

Preferably, the conical surface of the conical body is of a smooth structure, the vertex angle of the conical body is 70-110 degrees, and the center of the bottom of the conical body is provided with a balance adjusting device. The conical body is of a smooth structure and is beneficial to the activity of sturgeons, the vertex angle of the conical body is related to the mouth positions of the sturgeons, the conical body is too large or too small and is not beneficial to the foraging of the sturgeons, and the angle of 70-110 ℃ is a better range; the balance adjusting device can use a balance weight with a proper size, so that the shaking of the device in water can be reduced, and the sturgeon can eat food conveniently.

Preferably, the feeding port is provided with a cover plate, the cover plate is provided with a solar cell panel, and the top of the conical body is provided with a lighting lamp corresponding to the feeding table. The cover plate can prevent rainwater and the like from entering the feed opening, and the solar cell panel can provide energy for the device. In addition, some sturgeons, such as acipenser schrencki, hybrid sturgeons, acipenser russiamensis, Chinese sturgeons and the like have the characteristic of phototaxis at night, when the sturgeons are acclimated at night, illumination is carried out above a feeding table, and light beams formed by an illuminating lamp have the function of guiding feeding.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the sturgeon larva feeding device effectively solves the problems that the habit of a feed feeding device of the sturgeon larva is inconsistent with that of the sturgeon larva when the sturgeon larva is cultured in a net cage in the prior art, time and labor are wasted, feeding efficiency is low, feeding is uneven, and the feed utilization rate is low.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a feed feeding apparatus for sturgeon larvae according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another configuration of the sturgeon larva feeding apparatus according to the present invention; (ii) a

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a partial schematic view of fig. 2.

In the figure: 1. the device comprises a material storage container, 2 parts of a material feeding port, 3 parts of a material feeding pipe, 4 parts of a conical body, 5 parts of a material distributing device, 6 parts of a feeding table, 7 parts of a material distributing pipe, 8 parts of a controller, 9 parts of a notch, 10 parts of a bottom plate, 11 parts of a baffle plate, 12 parts of an outlet, 13 parts of a mooring part, 14 parts of a material refining motor, 15 parts of a material refining blade, 16 parts of a material discharging funnel, 17 parts of a telescopic motor, 18 parts of a support frame, 19 parts of a screw rod, 20 parts of a long screw sleeve, 21 parts of a corrugated pipe, 22 parts of a sleeve, 23 parts of a cross rod, 24 parts of a simulated bait, 25 parts of a buoyancy adjusting device, 26 parts of a cover plate, 27 parts of a solar cell panel, 28 parts of an illuminating lamp, 29 parts of a contraction part, 30 parts of a material discharging port and 31 parts of a support.

Detailed Description

The following is a further description of embodiments of the present invention by way of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

In an embodiment 1 shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, a sturgeon larva feeding device comprises a hollow spherical material storage container 1 suspended on the water surface, a material feeding port 2 is arranged at the top end of the material storage container, a material discharging port 30 with a valve (not shown in the figure) at the bottom of the material storage container is connected with the upper end of a material feeding pipe 3, the material feeding pipe is a circular pipe, the diameter of the material storage container is larger than that of the material feeding pipe, and a mooring part 13 is formed between the bottom of the material storage container and the material feeding pipe; the lower end of the feeding pipe is connected with the top of a conical body 4, the lower part of the feeding pipe close to the conical body is provided with a material distribution device 5, the material distribution device comprises a material refining motor 14 arranged at the lower part of the feeding pipe, and the material refining motor is connected with a material refining blade 15 below the material refining motor. The periphery of the bottom of the conical body is provided with a feeding platform 6, the feeding platform is connected with the material distributing device through a material distributing pipe 7, the material distributing pipe is arranged along the conical surface of the conical body, the upper end part of the material distributing pipe below the material refining blades is provided with a discharging funnel 16, and the inner wall of the material distributing pipe above the discharging funnel is provided with a contraction part 29. The feeding device is also provided with a controller 8, the controller is arranged on the wall of the container at the upper part of the material storage container, and the operation interface of the controller is positioned on the outer wall of the container.

The conical body is the cone, and the bottom periphery of conical body is formed with 8 and is triangle-shaped breach 9, and the bottom of breach is equipped with bottom plate 10, and the outer edge portion of bottom plate is equipped with baffle 11, divide the export 12 of material pipe to be located the top of breach, the breach department of conical body bottom periphery constitutes the platform of ingesting, the platform of ingesting is in the bottom periphery evenly distributed of conical body. The conical surface of the conical body is of a smooth structure, the vertex angle of the conical body is 70-110 degrees (80 degrees in the embodiment), and the center of the bottom of the conical body is provided with a balance adjusting device 25.

Example 2

In the embodiment 2 shown in fig. 2 and 4, the upper part of the feeding pipe is of a telescopic structure, the lower part of the feeding pipe is fixed with a telescopic motor 17, the bottom of the material storage container is provided with a support frame 18, a discharge hole with a valve is arranged at one side of the support frame, the telescopic motor is connected with a screw rod 19, and the upper end of the screw rod is arranged in a long screw sleeve 20 at the center of the support frame in a penetrating way. The upper part of the feeding pipe of the embodiment is a corrugated pipe 21; the telescopic motor is positioned on the central line of the feeding pipe, the telescopic motor is arranged in the sleeve 22, and the sleeve is fixed with the feeding pipe through the support 31.

The feeding table is characterized in that the conical bodies on the two sides of the feeding table are respectively provided with a light emitting device and a light receiving device, the light receiving devices are connected with a counter, the counter is connected with a controller, and the controller automatically adjusts the depth of the feeding table through a telescopic motor according to a count value. A cross bar 23 extends outwards from the outlet of the material distributing pipe on the feeding platform, and a simulated bait 24 is hung on the cross bar. The feeding port is provided with a cover plate 26, the cover plate is provided with a solar cell panel 27, and the top of the conical body is provided with a lighting lamp 28 corresponding to the feeding table.

The material storage container, the conical body, the pipeline and the like can be made of HDPE, PVC or stainless steel materials, and the factors of pressure resistance, wear resistance, sunlight resistance, smooth appearance, light weight and the like are mainly considered. The electric equipment of the invention is direct current low voltage (below 36V) equipment and adopts a waterproof structure.

The bottom of the material storage container is provided with a discharge hole communicated with the feeding pipe, and the discharge hole is provided with an electric control valve which can open the feeding of the feed on time and control the feeding amount according to the setting of the controller, so that the feeding of the feed is trouble-saving and labor-saving. Feed divider is used for every platform of ingesting with the even distribution of fodder, makes the fodder spread to relatively great scope, is favorable to the foraging of sturgeon larva. In addition, the feeding table is arranged on the periphery of the bottom of a conical body, and the distribution surface of the feeding table is large; the conical surface of the conical body can guide the opening part to face downwards to be suitable for the sturgeon larva to find food downwards along the conical surface, so that the sturgeon larva gradually reaches the feeding table, the structure is highly matched with the licking habit of the sturgeon larva, and the sturgeon larva can be guided to find food; meanwhile, the invention can automatically adjust the depth of the feeding table according to the sturgeon distribution condition, thereby greatly improving the feeding efficiency and reducing the unnecessary loss of feed.

In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the technical features or technical data of the present invention may be reselected and combined to form new embodiments within the scope disclosed in the claims and the specification of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention not described in detail can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art without creative efforts, so the embodiments not described in detail should be regarded as specific embodiments of the present invention and are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The feed feeding device for the sturgeon larvae is characterized by comprising a material storage container (1) suspended on the water surface, wherein a feeding port (2) is formed in the top end of the material storage container, a discharge port (30) with a valve at the bottom of the material storage container is connected with the upper end of a feeding pipe (3), the lower end of the feeding pipe is connected with the top of a conical body (4), a material distribution device (5) is arranged at the lower part of the feeding pipe close to the conical body, a plurality of feeding platforms (6) are arranged on the periphery of the bottom of the conical body, the feeding platforms are connected with the material distribution device through material distribution pipes (7), the material distribution pipes are arranged along the conical surface of the conical body, and the feeding device further comprises a controller (8) which is arranged at the upper part of the material storage container; the feeding platform is characterized in that the conical body is a cone, 8-12 triangular notches (9) are formed in the periphery of the bottom of the conical body, a bottom plate (10) is arranged at the bottom of each notch, a baffle (11) is arranged on the outer edge of each bottom plate, an outlet (12) of the material distributing pipe is located at the top end of each notch, the notches in the periphery of the bottom of the conical body form the feeding platform, and the feeding platforms are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the bottom of the conical body; the upper part of the feeding pipe is of a telescopic structure, a telescopic motor (17) is fixed at the lower part of the feeding pipe, a support frame (18) is arranged at the discharge port of the material storage container, the telescopic motor is connected with a screw rod (19), and the upper end of the screw rod is arranged in a long screw sleeve (20) in the center of the support frame in a penetrating manner; the feeding table is characterized in that light emitting and light receiving devices are respectively arranged on conical bodies on two sides of the feeding table, the light receiving devices are connected with a counter, the counter is connected with a controller, and the controller automatically adjusts the depth of the feeding table through a telescopic motor according to a count value.

2. The sturgeon larva feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the storage container is in a hollow spherical shape, the feeding pipe is a circular pipe, the diameter of the storage container is larger than that of the feeding pipe, and a mooring portion (13) is formed between the bottom of the storage container and the feeding pipe.

3. The sturgeon larva feed feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material distributing device comprises a material mixing motor (14) arranged at the lower part of the material feeding pipe, the material mixing motor is connected with a material mixing blade (15) below the material mixing motor, a material feeding funnel (16) is formed at the upper end part of the material feeding pipe below the material mixing blade, and a contraction part (29) is formed at the inner wall of the material feeding pipe above the material feeding funnel.

4. The sturgeon larva feed feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the feeding pipe is a corrugated pipe (21) or a sleeving structure of a plurality of round pipes with different diameters; the telescopic motor is positioned on the central line of the feeding pipe, the telescopic motor is arranged in the sleeve (22), and the sleeve is fixed with the feeding pipe through the support (31).

5. The sturgeon larva feed feeding device according to claim 1, wherein a cross bar (23) extends outwards from an outlet of the material distributing pipe on the feeding platform, and a lure (24) is hung on the cross bar.

6. The sturgeon larva feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the conical surface of the conical body is a smooth structure, the apex angle of the conical body is 70 to 110 degrees, and the center of the bottom of the conical body is provided with a balance adjusting device (25).

7. A sturgeon larva feeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a cover plate (26) is arranged on the feeding port, a solar cell panel (27) is arranged on the cover plate, and an illuminating lamp (28) corresponding to the feeding table is arranged at the top of the conical body.