CN110205207B - Fruit and vegetable cleaning agent based on shells and preparation method and application method thereof - Google Patents
Fruit and vegetable cleaning agent based on shells and preparation method and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110205207B CN110205207B CN201910382791.1A CN201910382791A CN110205207B CN 110205207 B CN110205207 B CN 110205207B CN 201910382791 A CN201910382791 A CN 201910382791A CN 110205207 B CN110205207 B CN 110205207B
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- Prior art keywords
- fruit
- cleaning agent
- vegetable cleaning
- shell powder
- shell
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- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960001790 sodium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001525 mentha piperita l. herb oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019477 peppermint oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000886569 Cyprogenia stegaria Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019499 Citrus oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019501 Lemon oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010500 citrus oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010501 lemon oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVLUOAHQIVABZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iodofenphos Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)OC1=CC(Cl)=C(I)C=C1Cl LFVLUOAHQIVABZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000005794 Hymexazol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 description 3
- WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) Chemical compound [Cd+2] WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hymexazol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=NO1 KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000006029 Prunus persica var nucipersica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000017714 Prunus persica var. nucipersica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001987 Pyrus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000066368 Tridactylus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XIEPJMXMMWZAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nitrate Inorganic materials [Cd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XIEPJMXMMWZAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000739 chronic poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- NMHMNPHRMNGLLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloretic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NMHMNPHRMNGLLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/046—Salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
- C11D3/2086—Hydroxy carboxylic acids-salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/36—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C11D3/362—Phosphates or phosphites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/382—Vegetable products, e.g. soya meal, wood flour, sawdust
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/384—Animal products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/667—Neutral esters, e.g. sorbitan esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a shell-based fruit and vegetable cleaning agent as well as a preparation method and an application method thereof, wherein the shell-based fruit and vegetable cleaning agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: calcined shell powder 85-92%, essence 0.1-0.2%, calcium chloride 0.2-0.3%, citric acid 1.2-1.5%, and auxiliary agent in balance. Soaking shell with hydrochloric acid, and drying; crushing the dried shell, and then calcining the crushed shell in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined shell powder; crushing calcined shell powder, soaking in water, adding citric acid and an auxiliary agent, filtering, taking precipitate, drying, and adding calcium chloride and essence to obtain the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent. The fruit and vegetable cleaning agent disclosed by the invention can effectively remove pesticides and heavy metal ions on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables, is harmless to human bodies and environment, is simple to prepare, does not need complex mechanical equipment, and is easy to realize industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cleaning agents, and particularly relates to a shell-based fruit and vegetable cleaning agent as well as a preparation method and an application method thereof.
Background
In the agricultural production process, in order to reduce insect pests and promote the growth of fruits and vegetables, most agricultural products are inevitably sprayed with proper chemical or biological pesticides (most organic chlorine or organic phosphorus) in the growth process, so that the problem of pesticide residue of the fruit and vegetable products is further serious. The long-term accumulation of pesticide in human body can cause chronic poisoning of human body, and in severe cases, can cause poisoning symptoms such as nerve dysfunction and reaction retardation of human body.
At present, the common modes for cleaning fruits and vegetables comprise boiling water treatment, ultraviolet irradiation, fruit and vegetable cleaning agents, rice washing water or saline water cleaning, and the methods can remove a small amount of pesticide residues, but the pesticide removal efficiency is not high, secondary residues can be caused, and certain pollution is caused to the health of a human body and the environment. The fruit and vegetable cleaning agent is a chemically synthesized product, and after the fruit and vegetable are cleaned, the chlorine-containing cleaning agent is easy to cause water eutrophication and harm the health of the body, so that much trouble is brought to the daily life of people. The natural fruit and vegetable cleaning agent has unobvious adsorption on pesticides, most raw materials are plant extracts, the price is high, the preparation process is complicated, and the ecological environment is not facilitated. The saline water or rice washing water has no obvious cleaning effect on the wax on the surface layers of the fruits and the vegetables, and a small amount of residual pesticide can be removed only by cleaning for many times. At present, the shell powder fruit and vegetable cleaning agent in the market is generally prepared by physically mixing a surfactant and calcium hydroxide shell powder, so that the pesticide removal time is long, and the effect is single.
Therefore, it is necessary to research a fruit and vegetable cleaning agent which has low preparation method cost, simple preparation process, no harm to human body, no pollution to environment and high removal efficiency of pesticide and heavy metal ions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fruit and vegetable cleaning agent based on shells, which develops waste shells into the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent, can effectively remove pesticides and heavy metal ions on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables, and is harmless to human bodies and the environment. The invention also provides a preparation method of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent, which has simple process, does not need complex mechanical equipment and is easy to realize large-scale industrial production and application. The invention also provides an application method of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a fruit and vegetable cleaning agent based on shells comprises the following components in percentage by weight: calcined shell powder 85-92%, essence 0.1-0.2%, calcium chloride 0.2-0.3%, citric acid 1.2-1.5%, and auxiliary agent in balance.
Preferably, the shell-based fruit and vegetable cleaning agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: calcined shell powder 90%, essence 0.15%, calcium chloride 0.25%, citric acid 1.3%, and the balance auxiliary agents.
Preferably, the shell powder is selected from one or more of trium shell powder, mussel shell powder and fanshell powder. More preferably, the shell powder is trium shell powder, mussel shell powder and fanshell powder.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the trium shell powder, the mussel shell powder and the fan shell powder is 1-2:1-1.5: 1.5-2.5. More preferably, the mass ratio of trium shell powder, mussel shell powder and fan shell powder is 1.5:1.1: 2.0.
Preferably, the calcined shell powder is prepared by the following method:
soaking shell with hydrochloric acid, and drying;
and crushing the dried shell, and then calcining the crushed shell in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined shell powder.
Preferably, the shell is selected from one or more of tridactylus , mussel shell and scallop shell.
Preferably, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.6-0.8%, and the soaking time is 30-60 min. More preferably, the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.7%, and the soaking time is 45 min.
The method is characterized in that hydrochloric acid is adopted for soaking to remove impurities and grease on the surfaces of the shells, 0.6-0.8% hydrochloric acid is selected for soaking to dissolve the impurities to the maximum extent without damaging the structures of the shells, the soaking time is controlled, the shells are corroded to cause material loss when the soaking time is more than 60min, and the impurities are not completely removed when the soaking time is less than 30 min.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 110-130 ℃, and the drying time is 1-3 h. More preferably, the drying temperature is 120 ℃ and the drying time is 2 h.
Drying at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ can furthest volatilize hydrochloric acid and water to remove water, the drying time is too long when the temperature is lower than 110 ℃, and the cooling time is longer when the temperature is higher than 130 ℃.
Preferably, the dried shell powder is crushed to 80-100 mesh. More preferably, the dried shell powder is pulverized to 90 mesh.
The fruit and vegetable cleaning agent has the advantages that the pesticide adsorption efficiency is in direct proportion to the specific surface area of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent, the specific surface area of the shell powder with 80-100 meshes is large, more pesticides and heavy metal ions can be adsorbed, and the adsorption efficiency is good.
Preferably, the calcining temperature is 900-. More preferably, the calcination temperature is 950 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 10 ℃/min, and the calcination time is 70 min.
When the calcining temperature is less than 900 ℃, the decomposition speed of the calcium carbonate is too slow, and the reaction is easy to reach an equilibrium state; the requirement for equipment is higher when the temperature is too high. If the calcination time is less than 50min, the particles with larger particle size are not completely decomposed, otherwise, if the calcination time is too long, energy is excessively consumed, and unnecessary energy consumption is increased.
Specifically, the calcined shell powder is prepared by the following method:
soaking shell with 0.6-0.8% hydrochloric acid for 30-60min, and drying at 110-130 deg.C for 1-3 h;
crushing the dried shell powder to 80-100 meshes, and then calcining in nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature of 900-1000 ℃, at the temperature rise rate of 5-15 ℃/min and for 50-80min to obtain the calcined shell powder.
Preferably, the calcined shell powder is prepared by the following method:
soaking shell in 0.7% hydrochloric acid for 45min, and drying at 120 deg.C for 2 hr;
crushing the dried shell powder to 90 meshes, and then calcining the crushed shell powder in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature of 950 ℃, at the temperature rise rate of 10 ℃/min and for 70min to obtain calcined shell powder.
Preferably, the particle size of the calcined shell powder is 180-200 meshes. More preferably, the particle size of the calcined shell powder is 200 mesh.
Organic matters in the shells can be removed through calcination to form a multi-cavity pore structure, the multi-cavity pore structure has stronger adsorption effect, and the adsorption effect on various pesticides and heavy metals is very obvious.
Preferably, the essence is selected from one or more of peppermint oil, lemon oil and citrus oil.
The essence in the formula can increase the taste of the washed fruits and vegetables or shield the pungent smell of the pesticide.
The calcium chloride in the formula has certain water absorption effect in the storage process of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent, and can prevent the product from absorbing water.
The citric acid in the formula is used as a solubilizer, so that the organic pesticide can be promoted to be dissolved in water, and the adsorption effect is accelerated.
Preferably, the auxiliary agent is one or more selected from sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate, sodium citrate, polysorbate 80 and lecithin. More preferably, the auxiliary agent is sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate, sodium citrate, polysorbate 80 and lecithin, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate to the sodium citrate to the polysorbate 80 to the lecithin is 1-3:1-3: 1-3. Most preferably, the auxiliary agents are alpha-olefin sodium sulfonate, sodium citrate, polysorbate 80 and lecithin, wherein the mass ratio of the alpha-olefin sodium sulfonate to the sodium citrate to the polysorbate 80 to the lecithin is 1:3:2: 1.
The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent comprises the following steps: crushing the calcined shell powder to 180-mesh 200 meshes, soaking in water for 6-8h, adding citric acid and an auxiliary agent, filtering, taking the precipitate, drying, and adding calcium chloride and essence to obtain the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent.
The application method of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent comprises the following steps: mixing the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent and water at a ratio of 1:80-110 to obtain a water solution, stirring, adding fruit or vegetable, soaking for 10-15min, and cleaning with clear water.
The fruit comprises one or more of apple, pear, strawberry, peach, nectarine and cherry.
The vegetables include one or more of fructus Cucumidis Sativi, fructus Lycopersici Esculenti, herba Spinaciae, Chinese cabbage and caulis et folium Brassicae Capitatae.
The fruit and vegetable cleaning agent disclosed by the invention can remove residual pesticides and heavy metals on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables by soaking, and is simple and rapid to use and obvious in effect.
Preferably, the effect of adding manual cleaning is better.
The fruit and vegetable cleaning agent is applied to removing pesticides and heavy metal ions on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables.
The pesticide comprises hymexazol and imidacloprid, and the heavy metal ions comprise lead ions and cadmium ions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the waste shells are developed into the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent, impurities, grease and organic matters in the shells are removed by adopting a hydrochloric acid soaking and high-temperature calcining method, the calcined shell powder has higher purity and finer granularity and has a porous structure, can effectively adsorb pesticides and heavy metal ions on the surfaces of the fruits and vegetables, and is harmless to human bodies and the environment.
2. The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent has simple process, does not need complex mechanical equipment, and is easy to realize large-scale industrial production and application.
3. The invention also provides an application method of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent, residual pesticides and heavy metals on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables can be removed through soaking, the use is simple and rapid, and the effect is obvious.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A fruit and vegetable cleaning agent based on shells comprises the following components in percentage by weight: calcined shell powder 90%, peppermint oil 0.15%, calcium chloride 0.25%, citric acid 1.3%, sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate 1.2%, sodium citrate 3.5%, polysorbate 802.4% and lecithin 1.2%; the shell comprises trium , mussel shell and scallop shell with the mass ratio of 1.5:1.1: 2.0.
The calcined shell powder is prepared by the following method:
soaking shell in 0.7% hydrochloric acid for 45min, and drying at 120 deg.C for 2 hr;
crushing the dried shell powder to 90 meshes, and then calcining the crushed shell powder in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature of 950 ℃, at the temperature rise rate of 10 ℃/min and for 70min to obtain calcined shell powder.
The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent comprises the following steps: crushing calcined shell powder to 200 meshes, soaking in water for 8 hours, adding citric acid, alpha-olefin sodium sulfonate, sodium citrate, polysorbate 80 and lecithin, filtering, taking precipitate, drying, and adding calcium chloride and peppermint oil to obtain the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent.
The product properties of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent obtained in example 1 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Properties of the products
| Status of state | Powder of |
| Color | White to gray |
| Smell(s) | Consistent with the addition of essence |
| Stability of | Micro water absorption |
| Particle size | ≤100μm |
| pH | 8-11 |
| Calcium content | ≥70％ |
| Total number of bacteria | ≤800CFU/g |
The adsorption effect of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent obtained in example 1 on 50mL of hymexazol solution and imidacloprid solution with different concentrations was tested at 25 ℃, and the addition amount of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent was 1.0 g. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 adsorption effect of the product on hymexazol solution and imidacloprid solution of different concentrations
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the adsorption rate of the pesticide can reach 50% within 5min, 80% within 10min and more than 90% within 1h, which shows that the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent of the invention has high adsorption speed and good adsorption performance to the pesticide.
The adsorption effect of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent obtained in example 1 on 50mL of lead nitrate solution and cadmium nitrate solution with the concentration of 2g/L is tested at 25 ℃, and the addition amount of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent is 1.0 g. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 product Pair Cd2+、Pb2+Adsorption Effect (unit mg/L)
| Heavy metal ion species | 15min | 30min | 1h |
| Cd2+ | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Pb2+ | 0.32 | 0.09 | 0.06 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent provided by the invention has the advantages of high adsorption speed on heavy metal ions and good adsorption performance.
Example 2
A fruit and vegetable cleaning agent based on shells comprises the following components in percentage by weight: calcined shell powder 85%, lemon oil 0.1%, calcium chloride 0.3%, citric acid 1.5%, sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate 1.9%, sodium citrate 5.6%, polysorbate 803.7% and lecithin 1.9%; the shell comprises triva , mussel shell and scallop shell with the mass ratio of 1:1.5: 1.5.
The calcined shell powder is prepared by the following method:
soaking shell in 0.6% hydrochloric acid for 60min, and drying at 110 deg.C for 3 hr;
crushing the dried shell powder to 100 meshes, and then calcining the crushed shell powder in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature of 900 ℃, the temperature rise rate of 8 ℃/min and the calcination time of 80min to obtain calcined shell powder.
The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent comprises the following steps: crushing calcined shell powder to 200 meshes, soaking in water for 6 hours, adding citric acid, alpha-olefin sodium sulfonate, sodium citrate, polysorbate 80 and lecithin, filtering, taking precipitate, drying, and adding calcium chloride and lemon oil to obtain the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent.
Example 3
A fruit and vegetable cleaning agent based on shells comprises the following components in percentage by weight: calcined shell powder 92%, citrus oil 0.2%, calcium chloride 0.2%, citric acid 1.2%, sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate 0.9%, sodium citrate 2.8%, polysorbate 801.8% and lecithin 0.9%; the shell comprises trium , mussel shell and scallop shell with the mass ratio of 2:1: 1.5.
The calcined shell powder is prepared by the following method:
soaking shell in 0.8% hydrochloric acid for 30min, and drying at 130 deg.C for 1 h;
crushing the dried shell powder to 80 meshes, and then calcining the crushed shell powder in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature of 1000 ℃, the heating rate of 15 ℃/min and the calcining time of 50min to obtain the calcined shell powder.
The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent comprises the following steps: crushing calcined shell powder to 180 meshes, soaking in water for 7h, adding citric acid, alpha-olefin sodium sulfonate, sodium citrate, polysorbate 80 and lecithin, filtering, taking precipitate, drying, and adding calcium chloride and citrus oil to obtain the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent.
Example 4
A fruit and vegetable cleaning agent based on shells comprises the following components in percentage by weight: calcined shell powder 90%, peppermint oil 0.15%, calcium chloride 0.25%, citric acid 1.3%, sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate 1.2%, sodium citrate 3.5%, polysorbate 802.4% and lecithin 1.2%; the shell comprises trium and mussel shell at a mass ratio of 1.5: 1.1.
The calcined shell powder is prepared by the following method:
soaking shell in 0.7% hydrochloric acid for 45min, and drying at 120 deg.C for 2 hr;
crushing the dried shell powder to 90 meshes, and then calcining the crushed shell powder in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature of 950 ℃, at the temperature rise rate of 10 ℃/min and for 70min to obtain calcined shell powder.
The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent comprises the following steps: crushing calcined shell powder to 200 meshes, soaking in water for 8 hours, adding citric acid, alpha-olefin sodium sulfonate, sodium citrate, polysorbate 80 and lecithin, filtering, taking precipitate, drying, and adding calcium chloride and peppermint oil to obtain the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent.
The fruit and vegetable cleaning agent obtained in the embodiment 1-4 is used for cleaning Chinese cabbage, and comprises the following steps: mixing the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent and water at a ratio of 1:100 to obtain a water solution, stirring uniformly, adding Chinese cabbage, soaking for 10min, and cleaning with clear water. In addition, in comparative example 1, the same amount of Chinese cabbage was soaked in clear water for 10 min. The cleaning effects of examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 cleaning Effect
Claims (8)
1. The fruit and vegetable cleaning agent based on shells is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: calcined shell powder 85-92%, essence 0.1-0.2%, calcium chloride 0.2-0.3%, citric acid 1.2-1.5%, and auxiliary agent in balance;
wherein the calcined shell powder is prepared by the following method:
soaking shell with hydrochloric acid, and drying;
crushing the dried shell, and then calcining the crushed shell in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain calcined shell powder;
the essence is selected from one or more of peppermint oil, lemon oil and citrus oil, the auxiliary agents are alpha-olefin sodium sulfonate, sodium citrate, polysorbate 80 and lecithin, and the mass ratio of the alpha-olefin sodium sulfonate to the sodium citrate to the polysorbate 80 to the lecithin is 1-3:1-3:1-3: 1-3;
the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent is prepared by the following method: crushing the calcined shell powder to 180-mesh 200 meshes, soaking in water for 6-8h, adding citric acid and an auxiliary agent, filtering, taking the precipitate, drying, and adding calcium chloride and essence to obtain the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent.
2. The fruit and vegetable cleaning agent according to claim 1, wherein the shell powder is one or more selected from trix shell powder, mussel shell powder and fanshell powder.
3. The fruit and vegetable cleaning agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.6-0.8%, and the soaking time is 30-60 min.
4. The fruit and vegetable cleaning agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 110-130 ℃ and the drying time is 1-3 h.
5. The fruit and vegetable cleaning agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dried shell powder is crushed to 80-100 mesh.
6. The fruit and vegetable cleaning agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calcination temperature is 900-1000 ℃, the heating rate is 5-15 ℃/min, and the calcination time is 50-80 min.
7. The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent is obtained by pulverizing calcined shell powder to 180-200 mesh, soaking in water for 6-8h, adding citric acid and auxiliary agent, filtering, taking precipitate, drying, and adding calcium chloride and essence.
8. The application method of the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing the fruit and vegetable cleaning agent and water at a ratio of 1:80-110 to obtain a water solution, stirring, adding fruit or vegetable, soaking for 10-15min, and cleaning with clear water.
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| CN104388208A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-03-04 | 舟山赛莱特海洋科技有限公司 | Method for preparing pesticide-removing fruit and vegetable cleaning agent based on shell powder |
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| CN104877808A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-02 | 浙江海洋学院 | Method for preparing aquatic product cleaning agent based on shell powder |
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