CN110202250B - Welding and sealing method and application of superconducting wire - Google Patents
Welding and sealing method and application of superconducting wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN110202250B CN110202250B CN201910380045.9A CN201910380045A CN110202250B CN 110202250 B CN110202250 B CN 110202250B CN 201910380045 A CN201910380045 A CN 201910380045A CN 110202250 B CN110202250 B CN 110202250B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of superconducting materials, and particularly relates to a welding and sealing method and application of a superconducting wire. The method comprises the steps of preparing or assembling the superconducting wire, enabling two ends of the outer metal layer to be longer than two ends of the superconductor to form a reserved area to be welded, cold-working the area to be welded into a banded area, and ultrasonically spot-welding the banded area to realize the welding of the superconducting wire. The invention creatively applies the ultrasonic spot welding technology to the superconducting material, the ultrasonic spot welding operation is simple, the requirement on the quality of operators is less, the sealing performance is good, the time is short, the welding area is small, and the performance of the superconducting material is not influenced; the superconducting wire prepared by the invention has good welding and sealing performance, the welding and sealing process has no influence on the performance of the superconducting wire, and the wire after hot isostatic pressing sintering has no problems of holes, bulges and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of superconducting materials, and particularly relates to a welding and sealing method and application of a superconducting wire.
Background
The powder tube-loading method is a common preparation method of superconducting wires suitable for large-scale preparation, and is widely applied to MgB2、Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox、Bi2Sr2CaCu2OxAnd a superconducting wire of an iron-based superconductor, etc. These superconducting wires include various forms such as round wires, tapes, or squares. The powder is loose after being filled into the metal tube, interstitial gas and surface adsorbed gas exist, reactant raw materials can volatilize gas in the sintering process, and the gas can often form a large number of holes in normal pressure sintering, and even lead to the phenomenon that a lead is damaged and bulges when the lead is coated with metal. The holes and bulges can block the transmission of superconducting current, and greatly impair the current-carrying performance of the superconducting wire.
The hot isostatic pressing method applies isostatic pressure to the lead by high-pressure gas in the sintering process, and is a sintering process for effectively eliminating the phenomena of holes and bulges. In order to ensure the effective pressure difference inside and outside the wire and achieve the purpose of applying isostatic pressure to the superconducting material inside the wire, both ends of the superconducting wire need to be well welded and sealed.
The current common welding and sealing methods mainly comprise argon arc welding, electron beam welding, laser beam welding, dipping in molten silver and the like. However, the argon arc welding method has high requirements on equipment, complicated operation, long time consumption and poor reliability of welding seal, and meanwhile, the performance of the material is easily influenced due to high argon arc welding temperature; the method for dipping the molten silver requires that the metal sheath and the silver have good wettability, has high requirements on the temperature of the molten silver and the dipping time, has high requirements on the proficiency of operators, and finds that the welding seal reliability of the method is poor in practical tests; the equipment cost of electron beam welding and laser beam welding is very high, and the requirement on the quality of operators is high; the ultrasonic spot welding technology has the advantages of simple operation, stable and reliable work, beautiful appearance and less requirements on the quality of operators, but the ultrasonic spot welding technology is mostly applied to the battery and hardware industry, and related researches of applying the ultrasonic spot welding technology to the field of superconducting technology do not exist at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that the welding sealing performance of the superconducting wire is poor, the superconducting core is easily influenced by a welding method and temperature and the like in the prior art, and thus, the welding sealing method and the application of the superconducting wire are provided.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme.
The invention provides an application of ultrasonic spot welding in welding and sealing a superconducting wire.
The present invention also provides a method of solder sealing a superconducting wire comprising a superconductor and an outer metal layer covering the superconductor, the method comprising,
preparing or assembling a superconducting wire, wherein two ends of the outer metal layer are longer than two ends of the superconductor so as to form a reserved area to be welded;
cold-working the to-be-welded area into a strip area;
and ultrasonically spot-welding the banded regions to realize the welding of the superconducting wires.
And filling a metal material in the area to be welded so as to seal the superconductor.
The length of the area to be welded is 2-10 cm.
The thickness of the banded region is no greater than 0.6 mm.
The thickness of the belt-shaped area is 0.1-0.6 mm.
Furthermore, an inner metal layer for coating the superconductor is arranged between the superconductor and the outer metal layer.
The metal material filled in the area to be welded has lower hardness and better plasticity than the outer layer metal;
the eutectic point of the metal material filled in the area to be welded and the metal on the outer layer of the superconductor is not lower than the heat treatment temperature of the superconducting wire subjected to hot isostatic pressing sintering in practical application.
The cold working method comprises cold pressing, punch forming, flat roll rolling or round roll rolling;
the number of the point positions of the area to be welded is 2-6;
the spacing of the point positions is not more than 3 mm.
Further, the shape of the outer metal part which is coated with the superconductor after cold working is linear, strip or square;
the linear outer diameter is not more than 2 mm;
the side length of the square is not more than 3.5mm and not less than 0.2 mm;
the outer layer metal is copper, iron, Hastelloy, nickel alloy, stainless steel, niobium or silver alloy;
the inner layer metal is copper, silver or niobium.
Further, when the superconducting wire is prepared or assembled, the preparation method comprises the step of processing two ends of the outer layer metal to form a reserved welding area to be welded.
The material of the welding area to be welded is a metal material.
During cold processing, the rolling pass is related to the material of the metal;
when the outer layer metal is copper and the inner layer metal is silver, the rolling pass has no requirement;
when the outer layer metal is iron and the inner layer metal is silver, the rolling pass is not less than 3 times.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the application of the ultrasonic spot welding in the welding and sealing of the superconducting wire creatively applies the ultrasonic spot welding technology to the superconducting material, and the ultrasonic spot welding has the advantages of simple operation, low requirement on the quality of operators, good welding and sealing performance, short time, small welding area and no influence on the performance of the superconducting material.
2. The method for welding and sealing the superconducting wire comprises a superconductor and an outer metal layer wrapping the superconductor, and comprises the steps of preparing or assembling the superconducting wire, and enabling two ends of the outer metal layer to be longer than two ends of the superconductor so as to form a reserved region to be welded; cold-working the to-be-welded area into a strip area; and ultrasonically spot-welding the banded regions to realize the welding of the superconducting wires. The superconducting wire prepared by the method has good welding sealing performance, the welding sealing process has no influence on the performance of the superconducting wire, and the wire after hot isostatic pressing sintering has no problems of holes, bulges and the like. The welding sealing areas at the two ends of the superconducting wire are welded and sealed, and the performance of the superconducting wire cannot be influenced due to the small ultrasonic spot welding areas, and the welding sealing performance of the superconducting wire is good;
the ultrasonic metal spot welding machine applies ultrasonic high-frequency vibration energy to the surface of a workpiece through a pressure head structure, so that high-frequency friction occurs between the workpieces, and meanwhile, pressure is applied to the workpiece, and a good fusion welding effect is obtained. The welding zone is a band-shaped zone which is more suitable for the ultrasonic spot welding technology.
3. The method for welding and sealing the superconducting wire creatively applies the ultrasonic spot welding technology to the superconducting material; the welding area of the superconducting wire is sealed by adopting an ultrasonic spot welding method, the obtained superconducting wire has good sealing performance, and holes and bulges do not exist after hot isostatic pressing sintering.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a superconducting wire in example 1 of the present invention; wherein, 5 is a zone to be welded of the superconducting wire, 1-outer layer metal, 2-filling metal; 3-inner layer metal, 4-superconductor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a superconducting wire in comparative example 1 of the present invention, wherein 1 is an outer layer metal, 3 is an inner layer metal, and 4 is a superconductor;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing critical currents at different applied magnetic fields after hot isostatic pressing sintering of superconducting wires obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the critical current densities of the superconducting wire obtained in example 2 of the present invention after sintering by hot isostatic pressing under different applied magnetic fields;
FIG. 5 shows the critical current densities of the superconducting wire obtained in example 3 of the present invention after hot isostatic pressing sintering under different applied magnetic fields;
fig. 6 shows the critical current densities of the superconducting wires obtained in example 4 of the present invention under different applied magnetic fields after the wires are sintered by hot isostatic pressing.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for welding and sealing a superconducting wire, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the superconducting wire comprises a superconductor, an outer layer metal and an inner layer metal, wherein the superconductor is Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2The outer layer metal is copper, and the inner layer metal is silver; the structure is schematically shown in figure 1;
two ends of the superconducting wire are provided with areas to be welded, the areas to be welded are in a belt shape, the thickness of the areas to be welded is 0.4mm, and the length of each end of the area to be welded is 5 cm;
the method for welding and sealing the superconducting wire comprises the following steps,
enabling two ends of the outer metal layer to be longer than two ends of the superconductor, reserving 5cm of each end to form a to-be-welded area, and then taking the annealed silver as filling metal and placing the silver into the to-be-welded area;
cold working is carried out on a to-be-welded area by adopting a round roller rolling method, a strip area with the thickness of 0.4mm is formed after rolling for 4 times, wherein the outer layer metal part of the coated superconductor is linear, and the outer diameter is 1.5 mm;
the superconducting materials are prepared by respectively carrying out spot welding on the areas to be welded of the superconducting materials by adopting an ultrasonic spot welding method, wherein the number of point positions of each welding area is 4, and the interval is 1 mm.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for welding and sealing a superconducting wire, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the superconducting wire comprises a superconductor and an outer layer metal, wherein the superconductor is MgB2The outer layer metal is niobium;
two ends of the superconducting wire are provided with areas to be welded, the areas to be welded are in a belt shape, the thickness of the areas to be welded is 0.2mm, and the length of each end of the area to be welded is 4 cm;
the method for welding and sealing the superconducting wire comprises the following steps,
two ends of the outer metal layer are longer than two ends of the superconductor, each end is reserved with 4cm to form a to-be-welded area, and then annealed copper is used as filler metal and is placed into the to-be-welded area;
cold working is carried out on a to-be-welded area by adopting a round roller rolling method, a strip area with the thickness of 0.2mm is formed after rolling for 1 time, wherein the outer layer metal part of the coated superconductor is a cuboid, and the cross section of the outer layer metal part is 1 x 1 mm;
the superconducting material is prepared by respectively carrying out spot welding on the areas to be welded of the superconducting wires by adopting an ultrasonic spot welding method, wherein the number of point positions of each welding area is 3, and the interval is 2 mm.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for welding and sealing a superconducting wire, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the superconducting wire comprises a superconductor, an outer layer metal and an inner layer metal, wherein the superconductor is Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3OxThe outer layer metal is silver-manganese alloy, and the inner layer metal is silver;
two ends of the superconducting wire are respectively provided with a to-be-welded area, the to-be-welded area is in a belt shape, the thickness of the to-be-welded area is 0.3mm, and the length of the to-be-welded area at each end is 5 cm;
the method for welding and sealing the superconducting wire comprises the following steps,
enabling two ends of the outer metal layer to be longer than two ends of the superconductor, reserving 5cm of each end to form a to-be-welded area, and then taking the annealed silver as filling metal and placing the silver into the to-be-welded area;
cold working is carried out on a to-be-welded area by adopting a round roller rolling method, a strip area with the thickness of 0.3mm is formed after 3 times of rolling, wherein the outer layer metal part of the coated superconductor is linear, and the outer diameter is 1 mm;
the superconducting wires are manufactured after spot welding is respectively carried out on the areas to be welded of the superconducting wires by adopting an ultrasonic spot welding method, the number of point positions of each welding area is 5, and the interval is 1 mm.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for welding and sealing a superconducting wire, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the superconducting wire comprises a superconductor, an outer layer metal and an inner layer metal, wherein the superconductor is Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2The outer layer metal is copper, and the inner layer metal is silver;
two ends of the superconducting wire are provided with areas to be welded, the areas to be welded are in a belt shape, the thickness of the areas to be welded is 0.4mm, and the length of each end of the area to be welded is 5 cm;
the method for welding and sealing the superconducting wire comprises the following steps,
two ends of the outer metal layer are longer than two ends of the superconductor, and each end is reserved with 5cm to form a to-be-welded area;
cold working is carried out on a to-be-welded area by adopting a round roller rolling method, a strip area with the thickness of 0.4mm is formed after rolling for 4 times, wherein the outer layer metal part of the coated superconductor is linear, and the outer diameter is 1.5 mm;
the superconducting materials are prepared by respectively carrying out spot welding on the areas to be welded of the superconducting materials by adopting an ultrasonic spot welding method, wherein the number of point positions of each welding area is 4, and the interval is 1 mm.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a method of solder sealing a superconducting wire comprising a superconductor, an outer layer metal and an inner layer metal, the superconductor being Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2The outer layer metal is copper, and the inner layer metal is silver; (the material is the same as that of example 1), the structure is shown in FIG. 2;
the method for welding and sealing the superconducting wire comprises the steps of carrying out spot welding on the superconducting wire by adopting an ultrasonic spot welding method, and then preparing the superconducting material with the interval of 1 mm.
Test examples
The test example provides performance tests and test results of the superconducting wires prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 after the hot isostatic pressing sintering process, specifically,
the hot isostatic pressing sintering process of the superconducting wire comprises the following steps:
the method adopts the modes of uniform temperature rise and pressure rise along with temperature, the temperature rises to 700 ℃ within 2 hours, the atmosphere pressure rises to 200MPa, the atmosphere is high-purity argon, and the heat preservation and pressure maintenance are carried out for 4 hours. Then, the temperature is uniformly reduced to 20 ℃, the time of temperature reduction is 4 hours, and the pressure is reduced to 10MPa along with the temperature. The final residual high pressure gas is manually exhausted from the chamber.
And (3) hardness testing: firstly, inlaying, grinding and polishing a sample, testing the Vickers hardness value of a superconducting core by using a Vickers hardness tester, and performing multi-point test to obtain an average value;
and (3) critical current testing: the critical current I of the sample is respectively tested under different external magnetic fields by adopting a four-lead method at the temperature of 4.2KcThe quench criterion was 1 μ V/cm. J. the design is a squarecCritical current carried per unit cross-sectional area of superconductor, i.e. Jc＝Ic/SSuperconductor, method of manufacturing the same, and method of manufacturing the same；
The test results show that:
the average value of the superconductor hardness of the superconducting wire in example 1 is 246, the average value of the superconductor hardness of the superconducting wire in comparative example 1 is 67, and the hardness value directly reflects the quality of the wire welding and sealing effect, which shows that the welding and sealing effect of the superconducting wire prepared by the method for reserving the area to be welded provided by the invention is better than that of the superconducting wire prepared by the method without reserving the area in comparative example 1;
fig. 3 is a critical current of the superconducting wires obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present invention after hot isostatic pressing sintering, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the critical current of the superconducting wire of example 1 is about one order of magnitude higher than that of the superconducting wire of comparative example 1, which shows that the current carrying performance of the superconducting wire of example 1 is excellent;
therefore, the invention creatively applies the ultrasonic spot welding technology to the superconducting material, improves the welding seal performance of the superconducting wire and does not influence the performance of the superconducting wire.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of solder sealing a superconducting wire comprising a superconductor and an outer metal layer covering the superconductor, characterized in that,
preparing or assembling a superconducting wire, wherein two ends of the outer metal layer are longer than two ends of the superconductor so as to form a reserved area to be welded;
cold-working the to-be-welded area into a strip area;
and ultrasonically spot-welding the banded region to realize the welding seal of the superconducting wire.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the region to be welded is filled with a metallic material to plug the superconductor.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the length of the area to be welded is 2-10 cm.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the banded region is no more than 0.6 mm.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the banded regions is in the range of 0.1-0.6 mm.
6. The method of claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein an inner metal layer is disposed between the superconductor and the outer metal layer to encapsulate the superconductor.
7. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the metal material to be filled in the zone to be welded is less hard than the metal of the outer layer.
8. The method of claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein the cold working method comprises cold pressing or round rolling;
the number of the point positions of the area to be welded is 2-6;
the spacing of the point positions is not more than 3 mm.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the outer metal portion that wraps around the superconductor after cold working is in the shape of a wire, a ribbon, or a square;
the linear outer diameter is not more than 2 mm;
the side length of the square is not more than 3.5mm and not less than 0.2 mm;
the outer layer metal is copper, iron, nickel alloy, stainless steel, niobium or silver alloy;
the inner layer metal is copper, silver or niobium.
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