CN110184627B - Directional magnetic conductive cathode steel bar for aluminum electrolysis - Google Patents
Directional magnetic conductive cathode steel bar for aluminum electrolysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN110184627B CN110184627B CN201910386896.4A CN201910386896A CN110184627B CN 110184627 B CN110184627 B CN 110184627B CN 201910386896 A CN201910386896 A CN 201910386896A CN 110184627 B CN110184627 B CN 110184627B
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- cathode steel
- steel bar
- magnetic field
- distribution
- alloy elements
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004857 zone melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, in particular to a directional magnetic cathode steel bar for aluminum electrolysis. The invention adopts a zone melting or directional solidification method to enable the alloy elements in the cathode steel bar to generate a specific distribution gradient, and forms a magnetic field zone with controllable strength by utilizing the difference of the magnetic permeability of the alloy elements, thereby not only further reducing the horizontal current in the electrolytic bath by 20% -40%, but also optimizing the magnetic field distribution in partial zones according to the overall magnetic field condition of the electrolytic bath, reducing the fluctuation of aluminum liquid, improving the effective space of the polar distance, improving the current efficiency by more than 0.5%, and reducing the electric energy consumption of the aluminum electrolytic bath.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, in particular to a directional magnetic cathode steel bar for aluminum electrolysis.
Background
In the traditional aluminum electrolysis cell, current passes through an anode guide rod, a steel claw, an anode, electrolyte, aluminum liquid and a cathode carbon block in sequence, is led out from two ends of a cathode steel bar and flows to the next electrolysis cell. The density of aluminium liquid is greater than the density of electrolyte in the electrolysis trough, and strong direct current can produce great horizontal current when passing through the aluminium liquid layer, and the increase of horizontal current can increase vertical magnetic field, under multi-direction magnetic field interact, leads to aluminium liquid fluctuation range to increase, and electrolyte and aluminium liquid interface warp, reduces current efficiency, influences the stability of aluminium electrolysis trough. In this case, to maintain the normal and stable production of the cell, the effective pole pitch needs to be increased, which leads to an increase in cell voltage and a large amount of useless energy consumption.
At present, the domestic technical improvement mainly reduces the horizontal current by adjusting the shape, the structure or the whole composition of the cathode steel bar, and although a certain effect is obtained, the expected requirements are not met. The prior patents are as follows: patent 201520939501.6 describes a cathode steel bar using a golden section point. A through groove is formed in the position of a golden section point of the height of the steel bar, and the length of the through groove is lengthened to be one time of the length of a traditional slit. The position of the opening is moved from the middle to the golden section point, so that the position for blocking horizontal current in the production process of the electrolytic cell can be raised. The range of blocking horizontal current can be enlarged by lengthening the opening length. However, this method still fails to effectively reduce the magnetic field fluctuation caused by the horizontal current.
Patent 201520932429.4 describes an improvement in the structure of cathode steel bars for electrolysis in the production of aluminum. The structure of the cathode carbon block comprises an epitaxial cathode steel bar connected with a bus and a middle cathode steel bar contacted with the cathode carbon block, wherein the epitaxial cathode steel bar and the middle cathode steel bar are of an integrated structure; a U-shaped recess is formed in the middle of the satin surface of the extension cathode steel bar to form two steel bar connecting rods connected with the bus. The technology greatly increases the conductive area and reduces the horizontal current, but the increased conductive area brings great difficulty to the actual operation.
Patent 201520270968.6 describes a profiled cathode steel bar for aluminium electrolysis cells. The cross section of the cathode steel bar body is of a non-rectangular structure or a rectangular structure, and the whole cathode steel bar body is of a variable-section variable structure along the length direction. Can effectively disperse the internal stress of the tank, adjust the current and slow down the fluctuation of the aluminum liquid, but the assembly technology of the steel bar still needs to be continuously explored.
Patent 201810402908.3 describes a copper-cored cathode steel bar that is effective in suppressing horizontal currents. Copper is used to increase the electrical conductivity of the cathode steel bar. The center of the cathode steel bar is provided with a drill hole along the axial direction, the copper core with the same diameter is arranged in the drill hole, the copper core is in close contact with the cathode steel bar, the horizontal current can be effectively inhibited, but the method is difficult to ensure that the copper core is in close contact with all contact parts of the cathode steel bar, and the operation difficulty is very high.
Patent 201610143550.8 describes a method for equally dividing cathode steel bars of an aluminum electrolytic cell, in which the dividing distance between two sections of cathode steel bars is equal to the distance between two groups of anode carbon blocks of the aluminum electrolytic cell, and the two sections of cathode steel bars are symmetrical to the center line of the cathode carbon blocks of the aluminum electrolytic cell, thereby achieving the effects of stabilizing current and saving energy. However, this method has a limited effect of stabilizing the flow, and it is difficult to compensate for an unbalanced magnetic field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel aluminum electrolysis cathode steel bar capable of realizing directional magnetic conduction.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The method adopts zone melting or directional solidification to enable alloy elements in the cathode steel bar to generate specific distribution gradient, and forms a magnetic field zone with controllable strength by utilizing the difference of the magnetic permeability of the alloy elements, so that the horizontal current in the electrolytic cell can be further reduced by 20% -40%, the magnetic field distribution in partial zones can be optimized according to the overall magnetic field condition of the electrolytic cell, the fluctuation of aluminum liquid is reduced, the effective space of a polar distance is improved, the current efficiency is improved by more than 0.5%, and the electric energy consumption of the aluminum electrolytic cell is reduced.
The directional magnetic cathode steel bar for aluminum electrolysis is characterized in that the alloy element is one of Cu, Si and Mn.
The oriented magnetic cathode steel bar for aluminum electrolysis is characterized in that the mass fraction of the alloy elements accounts for 0.02-2% of the mass of the cathode steel bar, and the distribution gradient is that the mass fraction of the alloy elements is gradually increased along the length direction of the cathode steel bar or is gradually increased and then gradually decreased.
The directional magnetic conductive cathode steel bar for aluminum electrolysis is characterized in that the cathode steel bar is taken as a starting point, the distribution range of alloy elements accounts for 10-100% of the length of the cathode steel bar, on the basis, the distribution range in the width direction is 100%, and the distribution range in the height direction is 60-100%.
The directional magnetic conduction cathode steel bar for aluminum electrolysis is characterized in that the magnetic induction intensity numerical range of the magnetic field area with controllable strength is that the magnetic field distribution in the X direction is-1.65 multiplied by 10 < -2 > T to 0.96 multiplied by 10 < -2 > T, the magnetic field distribution in the Y direction is-2.1 multiplied by 10 < -3 > T to 2.4 multiplied by 10 < -3 > T, and the magnetic field distribution in the Z direction is-1.65 multiplied by 10 < -3 > T to 9.83 multiplied by 10 < -4 > T.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: when the lining of the aluminum electrolytic cell is overhauled, the directional magnetic conduction cathode steel bar disclosed by the invention not only can further reduce the horizontal current in the cell by 20% -40%, but also can optimize the magnetic field distribution in partial areas according to the overall magnetic field condition of the electrolytic cell, reduce the fluctuation of aluminum liquid, improve the effective space of the polar distance, improve the current efficiency by more than 0.5%, and reduce the electric energy consumption of the aluminum electrolytic cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
The cathode steel bar with the concentration gradient formed by the Cu element is prepared by adopting a zone melting method, wherein the size of the steel bar is 1500mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 150mm, and the distribution range of the Cu element in the length direction is as follows: zone 1 is 150mm in length and is present in an amount of about 0; the length of the area 2 is 250mm, and the content is 0.12%; the length of the area 3 is 300mm, and the content is 1.8 percent; the length of the area 4 is 400mm, and the content is 0.12 percent; the length of the zone 5 is 400mm and the content is 0.04%. The distribution range of the Cu element in the height direction is as follows: zone 6 is 100mm high and zone 7 is 50mm high. The strong current area is formed by utilizing the strong electric conduction characteristic of Cu, the horizontal current in the electrolytic bath is balanced, and the magnetic field distribution in the electrolytic bath is optimized. The fluctuation of aluminum liquid can be effectively reduced, the current efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption of aluminum electrolysis is reduced.
Example 2
The cathode steel bar with the Si element forming concentration gradient is prepared by adopting a directional solidification method, wherein the size of the steel bar is 1500mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 150mm, and the distribution range of the Si element in the length direction is as follows: zone 1 is 200mm in length and is present in an amount of about 0; the length of the area 2 is 700mm, and the content is 0.09%; the length of the area 3 is 300mm, and the content is 0.15%; the length of the zone 4 is 300mm and the content is 0.32%. The distribution range of the Si element in the height direction is as follows: zone 5 is 90mm high and zone 6 is 60mm high. The characteristic of strong magnetic conduction of Si element is utilized to form a magnetic vortex area, the magnetic field distribution in the electrolytic cell is optimized, the fluctuation of aluminum liquid can be effectively reduced, the current efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption of aluminum electrolysis is reduced.
Example 3
The cathode steel bar with Mn element forming concentration gradient is prepared by adopting a zone melting method, wherein the size of the steel bar is 1500mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 150mm, and the distribution range of the Mn element in the length direction is as follows: zone 1 is 200mm in length and is present in an amount of about 0%; the length of the area 2 is 150mm and the content is 0.09%, and the length of the area 3 is 250mm and the content is 0.28%; the length of the area 4 is 350mm and the content is 0.85 percent, and the length of the area 5 is 250mm and the content is 0.29 percent; the length of the zone 6 is 400mm and the content is 0.09%. The distribution range of Mn element in the height direction is as follows: zone 7 is 30mm high and zone 8 is 120mm high. The weak current area is formed by utilizing the weak conductive characteristic of Mn element, the horizontal current in the electrolytic bath is balanced, the magnetic field distribution in the electrolytic bath is optimized, the fluctuation of aluminum liquid can be effectively reduced, the current efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption of aluminum electrolysis is reduced.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A directional magnetic conduction cathode steel bar for aluminum electrolysis is characterized in that a zone melting or directional solidification method is adopted, alloy elements in the cathode steel bar generate a specific distribution gradient, a magnetic field zone with controllable strength is formed by utilizing the difference of the magnetic conductivity of the alloy elements, the magnetic field distribution in an electrolytic cell is optimized, the alloy elements comprise one of Cu, Si and Mn, the mass fraction of the alloy elements accounts for 0.02-2% of the mass of the cathode steel bar, and the distribution gradient is that the mass fraction of the alloy elements is gradually increased or is gradually increased and then is gradually decreased along the length direction of the cathode steel bar.
2. The oriented and magnetically permeable cathode steel rod for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the distribution range of the alloy elements is 10-100% of the length of the cathode steel rod from the power feeding end of the cathode steel rod, and on the basis of the distribution range, the distribution range in the width direction is 100% and the distribution range in the height direction is 60-100%.
3. The oriented magnetically permeable cathode steel bar for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the strength is controllableThe magnetic induction intensity value range of the magnetic field area is that the magnetic field distribution in the X direction is-1.65 multiplied by 10-2T～0.96×10-2Magnetic field distribution in T and Y directions is-2.1 × 10-3T～2.4×10-3Magnetic field distribution in T and Z directions is-1.65X 10-3T～9.83×10-4T。
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| CN201910386896.4A CN110184627B (en) | 2019-05-10 | 2019-05-10 | Directional magnetic conductive cathode steel bar for aluminum electrolysis |
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| CN110184627B true CN110184627B (en) | 2020-11-06 |
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| US4897170A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1990-01-30 | Borden, Inc. | Manufacture of a Soderberg electrode incorporating a high carbon-contributing phenolic sacrificial binder |
| FR2789091B1 (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2001-03-09 | Carbone Savoie | GRAPHITE CATHODE FOR ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS |
| CN101608321A (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2009-12-23 | 东北大学 | A kind of aluminum electrolyzing cell used TiB 2The preparation method of/C gradient cathode material |
| CN104438322A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-25 | 重庆大学 | Method for preparing metal layered micro-gradient composite material |
| CN107962169B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2019-07-23 | 山东森宇精工科技有限公司 | The preparation facilities and method of refractory metal base gradient composite material |
| CN108655375A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-16 | 上海大学 | The method and its device for directionally solidifying of functionally graded material are prepared using axial homogeneous magnetic field |
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