CN110184073A - A kind of charcoal base water-retaining agent and preparation method thereof suitable for the soil improvement of slope collapse scabland and promotion vegetation growth - Google Patents
A kind of charcoal base water-retaining agent and preparation method thereof suitable for the soil improvement of slope collapse scabland and promotion vegetation growth Download PDFInfo
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- CN110184073A CN110184073A CN201910513502.7A CN201910513502A CN110184073A CN 110184073 A CN110184073 A CN 110184073A CN 201910513502 A CN201910513502 A CN 201910513502A CN 110184073 A CN110184073 A CN 110184073A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of suitable for the soil improvement of slope collapse scabland and promotes the charcoal base water-retaining agent and preparation method thereof of vegetation growth.Charcoal base water-retaining agent of the present invention is that the made charcoal of mushroom waste bacterium rod is made according to mass ratio 1:4 hybrid process with Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent after drying, grinding, and water retention property analysis and soil application study are carried out to made charcoal base water-retaining agent, the present invention can improve the physicochemical property of slope collapse scabland soil, promote plant growth, the comprehensive utilization for realizing waste, has the advantages that environmental protection, economy, significant effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to it is a kind of suitable for the soil improvement of slope collapse scabland and promote vegetation growth charcoal base water-retaining agent and
Preparation method belongs to water-retaining agent field.
Background technique
Drought and water shortage and soil degradation are always a weight for restricting China's agricultural sustainable development and socio-economic development
Want factor.In recent years, applied chemistry material or preparation are very extensive come the way for improving crop yield and water use efficiency, by
Step forms the coping with agriculture drought of chemical water-saving, water-saving, volume increase new technology approach.Water-retaining agent is to utilize strong water-absorbing resin or shallow lake
A kind of high molecular polymer of superelevation water-absorbing-retaining ability made of the materials such as powder, can hundreds times of absorptance itself weight be even rapidly
Thousands of times of pure water, and have absorbent function repeatedly, the hydrogel after water suction can slow release moisture for crop utilization.But it protects
Main problem existing for aqua is that application is at high cost, has a single function, and some harmful substances can be generated in degradation process, there are potential
Environmental risk.And charcoal is rich in micropore, has high specific surface area, while surface functional group rich in, it is not only
The content of organics of soil can be supplemented, moisture and nutriment can also be effectively saved, increase soil fertility, adsorbs nuisance
Matter allows agricultural to have more duration while realizing volume increase.The two is combined, charcoal base water-retaining agent is made, not only reduces water-retaining agent
Cost, the harmful substance generated after absorption water-retaining agent degradation, while soil is improved by charcoal, increase soil fertility, promotes
Plant growth.
Summary of the invention
It is added simultaneously based on above-mentioned consideration the invention proposes mushroom waste bacterium rod pyrolysis charring is prepared into charcoal
A kind of charcoal base water-retaining agent is made in Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent, and is used for rye grass planting；Said preparation is easily manufactured, answers
With easy to operate, work well, substantially reduce the cost of manufacture and Potential environmental risk of water-retaining agent, and realize agricultural wastes
Resource utilization, while can promote plant growth and improve soil physicochemical property, with economy and environment double benefit.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of preparation method of charcoal water-retaining agent, the made charcoal of mushroom waste bacterium rod and Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent are pressed
It is mixed according to 1:4 mass ratio, obtains charcoal base water-retaining agent after heating water bath, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) prepared by charcoal: the waste bacterium rod after picking mushroom is removed into PVC bags and remaining edible thallus sundries, its is broken
At natural air drying 5 ~ 7 days after the bulk of 1 ~ 2 cm of diameter, moisture content is made to be down to 10 ~ 15wt%；Air-dried waste bacterium rod is subjected to limit oxygen
Under the conditions of high temperature pyrolysis carbonize, setting heating rate be 10 DEG C/min, pyrolysis charring temperature be 500 DEG C, keep the temperature under this condition
2 h of time, then after cooled to room temperature, grinding is run through 100 mesh sieve；
(2) preparation of charcoal base water-retaining agent: ground 100 mesh sieve of Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent is taken and is ground by the first step
40 g of Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent after mill is put into 100 ml beakers, and the water for accounting for water-retaining agent quality 2%, stirring 10 is added
Min makes water-retaining agent uniform pickup moisture；Second step takes charcoal made from step (1) to be put in 70 DEG C of baking oven, when drying
Between be 6 h, remove remaining moisture in charcoal, 10 g of charcoal after taking drying adds while stirring above-mentioned water-retaining agent
Enter charcoal, be sufficiently mixed water-retaining agent with charcoal, uniform black is presented in mixture；Third step, by uniformly mixed burning
Cup is put into 80 ~ 85 DEG C of water-baths, 1 h of heating time, is stirred mixture while heating, is heated evenly mixture；The
Four steps after heating, take out beaker natural cooling, are put into 80 DEG C of baking ovens and dry, and drying time is 6 h, after taking drying
1 mm aperture sieve of mistake that mixture is levigate, screenings are charcoal base water-retaining agent.Aforesaid operations step carries out in sequence.
The limited oxygen condition of step (1) are as follows: by (Huaian China is electric loaded on portable biology carbonizer after air-dried waste bacterium rod weighing
Environmental protection machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd) in, sealing is passed through the nitrogen of 5 min into machine, drains internal oxygen.
The method that charcoal base water-retaining agent is used for rye grass planting: by above-mentioned charcoal base water-retaining agent according to 17 ~ 33 t
hm-2Amount of application applies topsoil soils before planting and turn over for 1 ~ 2 time, is uniformly mixed with soil.
Remarkable advantage of the invention:
The present invention provides a kind of production method of charcoal base water-retaining agent and to the influence after application to soil and plant, the present invention
Charcoal is prepared using mushroom waste bacterium rod, and adds Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent and charcoal base water-retaining agent is made.Charcoal base
Ingredients Biogenic charcoal in water-retaining agent includes: the reduction soil weight to soil effect, improves soil pH and water content, an absorption huge sum of money
Belong to, increase soil nutrient content, promotes plant growth etc..The present invention not only solves the Utilizing question of agricultural wastes, reduces
The cost of manufacture of water-retaining agent, moreover it is possible to improve soil and promote plant growth, reduce the potential environmental risk of water-retaining agent.The present invention
In charcoal and rice, wheat, corn stover, peanut shell, the charcoals such as timber compare, pH value (10.82) with higher,
Charcoal base water-retaining agent is made in charcoal of the present invention and Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent by full nitrogen, content of tatal phosphorus, charcoal
High pH facilitates the adjusting to water-retaining agent acidity itself, while improving soil property, promotes plant growth and development effect bright
Aobvious, with good economic efficiency and environmental benefit is truly realized the two-win of economy and environment.
Specific embodiment
Below will by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, these descriptions are not to say that of the invention interior
Appearance is only limitted to this.The related technical personnel of this field it will be appreciated that the equivalent replacement that the technical characteristic of the content of present invention is done, or
It is correspondingly improved, still falls within protection scope of the present invention.Particular technique or condition are not specified in embodiment, according to ability
Technology or conditions described in document in domain are carried out according to product description.Factory is not specified in agents useful for same or instrument
Shang Zhe is that can purchase the conventional products obtained by market.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of charcoal base water-retaining agent, comprising the following steps:
Charcoal preparation: the waste bacterium rod after picking mushroom is removed into the sundries such as PVC bags, is broken into after the bulk of diameter 1cm certainly
It so air-dries, moisture content is made to be down to 10wt%；Air-dried waste bacterium rod is carried out high temperature pyrolysis under limited oxygen condition to carbonize；Setting heating speed
Rate is 10 DEG C/min, and pyrolysis charring temperature is 500 DEG C, under this condition 2 h of soaking time, then after cooled to room temperature,
Grinding is run through 100 mesh sieve；Obtained charcoal property is as follows: pH 10.24, full carbon content 549.70g kg-1, full nitrogen
13.41 g kg-1, full phosphorus 4.11g kg-1, complete 16.33 g kg of potassium-1。
Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent: the commercially available agricultural water-loss reducer of Beijing mole chemical company production.
The preparation of charcoal base water-retaining agent: ground 100 mesh sieve of Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent is taken and is ground by the first step
40 g of Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent after mill is put into 100 ml beakers, and the water for accounting for water-retaining agent quality 2%, stirring 10 is added
Min makes water-retaining agent uniform pickup moisture；Second step takes charcoal made from step (1) to be put in 70 DEG C of baking oven, when drying
Between be 6 h, remove remaining moisture in charcoal, 10 g of charcoal after taking drying adds while stirring above-mentioned water-retaining agent
Enter charcoal, be sufficiently mixed water-retaining agent with charcoal, is then placed in 80 DEG C of water-baths, 1 h of heating time, in heating
Mixture is stirred simultaneously, is heated evenly mixture；After heating, it is put into 80 DEG C of baking ovens and dries, drying time is 6 h,
The levigate 1 mm aperture sieve of mistake of mixture after taking drying, screenings is charcoal base water-retaining agent.Charcoal base water-retaining agent is basic
Property is as follows:
Compound fertilizer: directly purchasing from market, and the mass ratio of nutrient is N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15。
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that charcoal base water-retaining agent is used for rye grass planting and soil improvement:
Implemented using potting: being derived from Sanming City Yi Sheng agricultural Co., Ltd's clear stream base soil, is soil Erosion, soil
PH 5.43,5.76 g kg of organic matter-1, complete 0.43 g kg of nitrogen-1, complete 0.26 g kg of phosphorus-1, complete 8.13 g kg of potassium-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen
24.58 mg kg-1, 6.41 mg kg of rapid available phosphorus-1, 81.54 mg kg of available potassium-1。
Pot experiment flowerpot specification (bore 20cm, high 15cm, bottom diameter 16cm), test plant is rye grass；Soil is through wind
After dry, 5 mm sieves excessively are spare, and every basin dress 1.5kg soil, 1 gained charcoal base water-retaining agent of Example, 3 g is mixed with soil
Rye grass is planted after even, each processing repeats 6 basins, every basin kind 20.Setting control group, charcoal group and water-retaining agent are tested simultaneously
Group, charcoal group are charcoal 3g and soil mixed planting rye grass, and water-retaining agent group is Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent 3g and soil
Earth mixed planting rye grass, remaining processing are consistent with charcoal base water-retaining agent group.Identical management measure is taken, 15:15 is selected:
15 compound fertilizers, every basin amount of application are 1.2 g, and converting into crop field amount of application is 444 kghm-2。
Pot experiment starts from May, 2018, is set to University Of Agriculture and Forestry In Fujian's field experiment room, every a week to every basin
Rye grass carries out plant height and chlorophyll measurement, measures 4 data altogether.Wherein plant height is measured with ruler, is accurate to 0.1 cm.Ye Lv
Element uses photosynthetic apparatus.June acquires soil sample and plant sample, 6 basins of each processing uniformly take soil, and natural air drying is standby
With.Soil physico-chemical property and plant growth index are measured, test result is as follows:
1 test process of table is to Ryegrass Growth Index Influence
From table 1 it follows that test group (charcoal base water-retaining agent group) rye grass plant height, weight and water content compared with control group,
Charcoal group and water-retaining agent are improved, and plant height increases by 23.17% than control group, compared with water-retaining agent group amplification up to 16.72%；Weight
Increase by 52.15% than control group, increases by 41.5% than water-retaining agent group；Moisture increases by 2.15% than control group, increases than water-retaining agent group
2.42%。
Influence of 2 test process of table to pH, bulk density and soil moisture content
From Table 2, it can be seen that test group soil pH and soil water-containing magnitude are significantly increased than control group, water-retaining agent group,
PH value improves 1.05% than control group, increases 3.99% than water-retaining agent group；The soil weight of test group is than control group, water-retaining agent
Group significantly reduces, and volume to weight ratio control group reduces 6.25%, reduces 10.25% than water-retaining agent group；Soil moisture ratio control
73.34% is increased, increases 8.44% than water-retaining agent group；Field capacity increases 23.49% than control group, than water-retaining agent group
Increase 4.39%.Charcoal base water-retaining agent can improve soil pH, reduce the soil weight, improve soil moisture content and field water holding
Amount improves soil significant.
Influence of 3 test process of table to soil nutrient
From table 3 it is observed that the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of test group, rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content have than control group, water-retaining agent group
It significantly improves.Compared with the control, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases 34.13% to test group, and soil quick-effective phosphor increases 80.59%, quick-acting
Potassium content increases 17.71%, and compared with water-retaining agent group, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases 14.33%, and soil quick-effective phosphor increases
6.29%。
Embodiment 3
A kind of modification method step that charcoal base water-retaining agent is used for erosion badland is same as Example 2, and unique difference is exactly real
The charcoal base water-retaining agent tested in group is changed to 7.5 g from 3g.Soil physico-chemical property and plant growth index are measured, test result is such as
Under:
4 test process of table is to Ryegrass Growth Index Influence
As can be seen from Table 4, test group rye grass plant height, weight and water content are equal compared with control group, charcoal group and water-retaining agent
It is improved, plant height increases by 13.50% than control group, compared with water-retaining agent group amplification up to 7.63%；Weight ratio control group increases by 21.50%,
Increase by 13.00% than water-retaining agent group；Moisture increases by 2.16% than control group, increases by 2.43% than water-retaining agent group.
Influence of 5 test process of table to pH, bulk density and soil moisture content
As can be seen from Table 5, test group soil pH, soil moisture content and field capacity have than control group, water-retaining agent group
It improves, pH value improves 1.29% than control group, increases 4.17% than water-retaining agent group；The soil weight of test group than control group,
Water-retaining agent group significantly reduces, and volume to weight ratio control group reduces 18.46%, reduces 22.22% than water-retaining agent group；Soil moisture content
67.79% is increased than control, increases 4.95% than water-retaining agent group；Field capacity increases 24.79% than control group, than protecting
Aqua group increases 5.47%.Illustrate that above-mentioned charcoal base water-retaining agent can improve soil pH, reduce the soil weight, improves soil
Water content and field capacity, it is significant to soil improvement.
Influence of 6 test process of table to soil nutrient
As can be seen from Table 6, the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content of test group have than control group, water-retaining agent group
It significantly improves.Compared with the control, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases 93.67% to test group, and soil quick-effective phosphor increases 90.72%, quick-acting
Potassium content increases 5.73%；Compared with water-retaining agent group, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases 0.96%, and soil quick-effective phosphor increases
12.25%。
Comprehensive analysis the above results are it is found that add charcoal base water-retaining agent for improving soil water-retaining moisture holding capacity, increasing
Soil nutrient promotes plant growth to have remarkable effect.Although an embodiment of the invention has been described, the ordinary skill of this field
Personnel are understood that these embodiments can be carried out a variety of variations without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention, repair
Change, replacement and variant, the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of preparation method of charcoal base water-retaining agent, which comprises the following steps:
(1) prepared by charcoal: the waste bacterium rod after picking mushroom is removed into PVC bags and remaining edible thallus sundries, its is broken
At natural air drying 5 ~ 7 days after the bulk of 1 ~ 2 cm of diameter, moisture content is made to be down to 10 ~ 15wt%；By air-dried waste bacterium rod in nitrogen atmosphere
High temperature pyrolysis charing is carried out under the conditions of enclosing, setting heating rate is 10 DEG C/min, and pyrolysis charring temperature is 500 DEG C, the condition
Lower 2 h of soaking time, then after cooled to room temperature, grinding is run through 100 mesh sieve；
(2) preparation of charcoal base water-retaining agent: ground 100 mesh sieve of Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent is taken and is ground by the first step
40 g of Starch with Acrylic Acid type water-retaining agent after mill is put into 100 ml beakers, and the water for accounting for water-retaining agent quality 2%, stirring 10 is added
Min makes water-retaining agent uniform pickup moisture；Second step takes charcoal made from step (1) to be put in 70 DEG C of baking oven, when drying
Between be 6 h, remove remaining moisture in charcoal, 10 g of charcoal after taking drying adds while stirring above-mentioned water-retaining agent
Enter charcoal, be sufficiently mixed water-retaining agent with charcoal, be then placed in 80 ~ 85 DEG C of water-baths, 1 h of heating time is being heated
While stir mixture, be heated evenly mixture；After heating, it is put into 80 DEG C of baking ovens and dries, drying time 6
H, the levigate 1 mm aperture sieve of mistake of mixture after taking drying, screenings is charcoal base water-retaining agent.
2. charcoal base water-retaining agent made from preparation method as described in claim 1.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113004103A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-06-22 | 榆林学院 | Biochar-based probiotic and preparation method thereof |
| CN115074133A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-20 | 攀枝花学院 | Soil conditioner and method for recovering vegetation in arid or semi-arid regions |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04142390A (en) * | 1990-10-02 | 1992-05-15 | Kyoritsu House Hiile Kk | Granular soil conditioner and its manufacture |
| CN108409486A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-17 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of composite biological fertilizer suitable for slope collapse erosion land soil |
| CN108586123A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-09-28 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of charcoal soil conditioner and the modification method for erosion badland |
| CN109082059A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-25 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of Chinese pear plantation ground cover material and preparation method thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-06-14 CN CN201910513502.7A patent/CN110184073B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04142390A (en) * | 1990-10-02 | 1992-05-15 | Kyoritsu House Hiile Kk | Granular soil conditioner and its manufacture |
| CN108409486A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-17 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of composite biological fertilizer suitable for slope collapse erosion land soil |
| CN108586123A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-09-28 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of charcoal soil conditioner and the modification method for erosion badland |
| CN109082059A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-25 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of Chinese pear plantation ground cover material and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113004103A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-06-22 | 榆林学院 | Biochar-based probiotic and preparation method thereof |
| CN115074133A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-20 | 攀枝花学院 | Soil conditioner and method for recovering vegetation in arid or semi-arid regions |
| CN115074133B (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2024-07-09 | 攀枝花学院 | Soil conditioner and vegetation restoration method for arid or semiarid regions |
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