CN110161018B - Method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine based on liquid crystal sensing platform - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine based on a liquid crystal sensing platform. The detection and identification method of the invention is as follows: (1) constructing a liquid crystal sensing platform; (2) adding a copper perchlorate solution into the liquid crystal sensing platform constructed in the step (1); (3) adding a sample to be detected on the liquid crystal sensing platform containing the copper perchlorate solution in the step (2), observing the appearance of the liquid crystal by using a polarizing microscope, wherein when the appearance of the liquid crystal is totally dark, the concentration of cysteine in the sample to be detected is more than or equal to 0.01 mg/mL; or when the coverage rate of the brightness area of the liquid crystal appearance is less than 20%, the concentration of homocysteine in the sample to be detected is more than or equal to 0.05mg/mL, and the cysteine and the homocysteine are identified according to the change time of the brightness and darkness of the liquid crystal appearance. The method has the advantages of easily available detection instruments, simple detection method, short detection time, low reagent consumption and the like, and solves the problems of complexity and high cost of the existing detection method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine based on a liquid crystal sensing platform, and belongs to the technical field of metal ion coordination detection of amino acid.
Background
Cysteine and homocysteine are amino acids containing sulfhydryl groups in organisms, and play important roles in physiological processes such as protein synthesis, antioxidation, detoxification, metabolism and the like. Abnormal levels of these two amino acids are associated with a variety of diseases, and cysteine deficiency can lead to growth retardation, lethargy, edema, liver damage, skin damage, muscle and fat loss, etc.; elevated blood homocysteine levels are a risk factor for osteoporosis, alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the analysis of the content of cysteine and homocysteine can provide a basis for clinical diagnosis of related diseases.
Currently, cysteine and homocysteine are mainly detected by various analytical methods such as colorimetric method, phosphorescence method, electrochemical method and fluorescence probe method (see N.Pan, W.Li Ying, L.L.Wu, C.F.Peng, Z.J.Xie Microchip Acta 184(1) (2016)65-72.L.Xiong, Q.ZHao, H.Chen, Y.Wu, Z.Dong, Z.Zhou, F.Li Inorganic chemistry 49(14) (2010)6402-6408.P.T.Lee, R.G.Compton.Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 209(2015):983-988.C.Yang, X.Wawang, L.Shen, W.Deng, H.Liu, S.Ge, M.Yan, and X.Biorons 80. Sengs-2016 (2016) (17)). Although the prior method can realize the detection of the sulfhydryl amino acid, the prior method has the defects of expensive instruments, complex operation steps, time-consuming sample preparation and the like, and the practical application of the prior method is greatly hindered. In addition, most detection methods can distinguish sulfhydryl amino acid from other natural amino acids, but only a few methods can simultaneously detect and identify cysteine and homocysteine due to the similarity of structures and reactivity of cysteine and homocysteine. Since cysteine and homocysteine have respective unique roles in human physiology, there is a need to try to develop a more convenient and rapid method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine.
The liquid crystal is very sensitive to the change of tiny physical and chemical properties after the liquid crystal is added into a target object, and the change can be output as an optical signal, so that the liquid crystal can be widely applied to the fields of display devices, analysis sensing and the like. In recent years, more and more scholars pay attention to the field of biomolecule sensing because the liquid crystal sensing platform has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, no need of marking, high sensitivity, strong specificity, no need of depending on large-scale instruments and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine based on a liquid crystal sensing platform, which can simply and efficiently detect and identify cysteine and homocysteine in a sample to be detected.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine based on a liquid crystal sensing platform comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a liquid crystal sensing platform;
(2) adding a copper perchlorate solution into the liquid crystal sensing platform constructed in the step (1);
(3) adding a sample to be detected on the liquid crystal sensing platform containing the copper perchlorate solution in the step (2), observing the appearance of the liquid crystal by using a polarizing microscope, wherein when the appearance of the liquid crystal is totally dark, the concentration of cysteine in the sample to be detected is more than or equal to 0.01 mg/mL; or when the coverage rate of the brightness area of the liquid crystal appearance is less than 20%, the concentration of homocysteine in the sample to be detected is more than or equal to 0.05 mg/mL.
According to the invention, the method for constructing the liquid crystal sensing platform in the step (1) is as follows:
i. cleaning a glass substrate, drying in an oxygen-isolated manner, treating in an octadecyl trichlorosilane-n-heptane solution for 20-40 min, washing with dichloromethane, and drying with nitrogen to obtain a treated liquid crystal substrate;
ii. And (e) placing a copper mesh on the treated liquid crystal substrate prepared in the step (i), and dripping liquid crystal on the surface of the liquid crystal substrate paved with the copper mesh to prepare the liquid crystal sensing platform.
Further preferably, the step of cleaning the glass substrate in step i is: the method comprises the steps of soaking a glass substrate in washing liquor for 20-50 min at 70-80 ℃, and then respectively washing the glass substrate for 2-3 times by adopting ultrapure water, absolute ethyl alcohol and methanol.
More preferably, the washing liquid is piranha washing liquid, and is prepared by adopting concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass concentration of 98% and hydrogen peroxide with the mass concentration of 30% according to the volume ratio of 7: 3.
Further preferably, the glass substrate in step i is a glass slide.
Further preferably, the step of oxygen-isolated drying in step i is: drying by nitrogen, and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 110-130 ℃.
More preferably, in the step i, the octadecyl trichlorosilane-n-heptane solution is prepared by dissolving octadecyl trichlorosilane in n-heptane, and the concentration of octadecyl trichlorosilane in the octadecyl trichlorosilane-n-heptane solution is 1 to 10 mM.
Further preferably, the liquid crystal in step ii is 4-cyano-4' -pentylbiphenyl.
According to the invention, the concentration of the copper perchlorate solution in the step (2) is preferably 5 to 20 mM.
According to the invention, the dropping volume of the copper perchlorate solution in the step (2) is preferably equal to that of the sample to be tested in the step (3), and further preferably, the dropping volume of the copper perchlorate solution in the step (2) is 40 μ L, 45 μ L, 50 μ L or 55 μ L, and correspondingly, the dropping volume of the sample to be tested in the step (3) is 40 μ L, 45 μ L, 50 μ L or 55 μ L.
Preferably, the sample to be tested in step (3) contains cysteine or homocysteine. In the sample to be tested according to the present invention, cysteine and homocysteine cannot be present simultaneously.
Preferably, in the step (3), the liquid crystal appearance changes from bright to dark in a cysteine solution within a short time, and the change time is 0-30 min; the liquid crystal appearance changes from bright to dark for a long time and is a homocysteine solution, and the change time is 60-120 min.
The reagents are all common commercial products unless otherwise specified, and the sample to be detected is a liquid sample.
The detection principle of the invention is as follows:
the detection principle of the invention is as shown in fig. 1, a copper perchlorate solution with a proper concentration is dripped on a liquid crystal sensing platform (OTS Coated Glass Slide), at the moment, liquid crystal molecules adopt an inclined arrangement mode, and a bright optical image is observed under a polarizing microscope (as shown in fig. 1 a); then, respectively dripping the solution to be detected containing cysteine or homocysteine, wherein the sulfydryl of the two amino acids can be coordinated with divalent copper ions, so that liquid crystal molecules are vertically arranged, and dark optical images are observed under a polarizing microscope (as shown in figures 1b and c); the mercaptoamino acids can be detected by the brightness of the liquid crystal image before and after the addition of the two amino acids. In addition, cysteine has a lower detection limit and a faster response time than homocysteine, because cysteine has partial lactone of five-membered ring of homocysteine, which can not coordinate with divalent copper ions, thereby causing the change of liquid crystal appearance, and cysteine and homocysteine can be distinguished by the change time of the liquid crystal appearance from bright and dark.
Has the advantages that:
the method utilizes the liquid crystal sensing platform to detect and identify the cysteine and the homocysteine in the liquid sample, has the advantages of easy acquisition of detection instruments, simple detection method, short detection time, less reagent consumption and the like, and solves the problems of complexity and high cost of the existing detection method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the mechanism for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine using a liquid crystal sensing platform; in the figure, Cys is cysteine, Hcy is homocysteine, Hcy thiolactane is five-membered cyclolactone of homocysteine, a is the arrangement mode of liquid crystal molecules of copper perchlorate solution dripped on a liquid crystal sensing platform, b is the arrangement mode of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal sensing platform containing the copper perchlorate solution dripped with the cysteine solution, and c is the arrangement mode of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal sensing platform containing the copper perchlorate solution dripped with the homocysteine solution;
FIG. 2 is a polarized light microscope photograph of liquid crystal sensing platforms of copper perchlorate solutions of different concentrations; in the figure, the concentrations of the copper perchlorate solution are respectively: a. 100 mM; b. 80 mM; c. 50 mM; d. 20 mM; e. 10 mM; f. 5 mM; g. 2 mM; h. 0 mM;
FIG. 3 is a polarized light microscope photograph of adding cysteine solution and homocysteine solution on a liquid crystal sensing platform containing copper perchlorate solution with different concentrations; in the figure, a is a polarization microscope photograph of adding cysteine solution, B is a polarization microscope photograph of adding homocysteine solution, and the concentrations of copper perchlorate solution are respectively: a. 100 mM; b. 80 mM; c. 50 mM; d. 20 mM; e. 10 mM; f. 5 mM; g. 2 mM;
fig. 4 is a polarization microscope photograph of a liquid crystal sensing platform with different concentrations of cysteine solution and homocysteine solution added on the liquid crystal sensing platform containing 10mM copper perchlorate solution, in which: a is a polarization microscope photo added with cysteine solution, wherein the concentration of the cysteine solution is as follows: a. 1.0 mg/mL; b. 0.1 mg/mL; c. 0.01 mg/mL; d. 0.005 mg/mL; e. 0.001 mg/mL; and B is a polarization microscope photo added with homocysteine solution, wherein the concentration of the homocysteine solution is as follows: a. 1.0 mg/mL; b. 0.1 mg/mL; c. 0.05 mg/mL; d. 0.01 mg/mL; e. 0.001 mg/mL;
FIG. 5 is a graph of luminance area coverage (Br) of a liquid crystal image over time after addition of cysteine and homocysteine solutions of different concentrations; in the figure, A is a graph of the coverage rate of the brightness area added with cysteine, B is a graph of the coverage rate of the brightness area added with homocysteine, the ordinate is the coverage rate of the brightness area, and the abscissa is time;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the contrast of the luminance area coverage of a liquid crystal image over time after addition of 0.01mg/mL cysteine solution and 1.0mg/mL homocysteine solution; in the figure, the ordinate is the luminance area coverage and the abscissa is time;
FIG. 7 is a polarized light microscope photograph of a liquid crystal sensing platform containing 10mM copper perchlorate solution and 0.1mg/mL of other non-thiol amino acids added to the liquid crystal sensing platform, wherein the added amino acids are: a. alanine; b. glycine; c. leucine; d. isoleucine; e. valine; f. serine; g. threonine; h. glutamic acid; i. aspartic acid; j. (ii) proline; k. (ii) histidine; l, arginine; m, lysine; n, phenylalanine; o, tryptophan; p, tyrosine; q, glutamine; r, asparagine; s, methionine.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the following embodiments and the drawings of the specification, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The 4-cyano-4' -pentylbiphenyl was obtained from carbofuran technologies, Inc., the standard cysteine was obtained from Shanghai Fenghe Biotechnologies, Inc., and the standard homocysteine was obtained from Tokyo Chemicals, Inc.
Unless otherwise specified, the drugs and reagents used in this example are all commercially available products.
EXAMPLE 1 construction of liquid Crystal sensing platforms
The construction method of the liquid crystal sensing platform comprises the following steps:
i. soaking a glass slide serving as a substrate of a liquid crystal sensing platform in piranha washing liquor for 30min at 75 ℃, respectively washing the glass slide for 3 times by adopting ultrapure water, absolute ethyl alcohol and methanol, drying the glass slide by using nitrogen, and drying the glass slide for 12h at 120 ℃; placing the dried glass slide into an n-heptane solution containing 5mM of octadecyl trichlorosilane, soaking for 30min, washing with dichloromethane, and drying by nitrogen to obtain a glass slide treated by the silane-based reagent;
ii. And (e) placing a copper mesh on the glass slide prepared in the step (i), and injecting thermotropic liquid crystal 4-cyano-4' -pentylbiphenyl into the copper mesh to construct a liquid crystal sensing platform.
Wherein, the piranha washing liquor is prepared by concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass concentration of 98 percent and hydrogen peroxide with the mass concentration of 30 percent according to the volume ratio of 7: 3;
the octadecyl trichlorosilane-n-heptane solution is prepared by dissolving octadecyl trichlorosilane in n-heptane.
EXAMPLE 2 determination of the concentration of copper perchlorate solution for the detection of cysteine and homocysteine
Copper perchlorate was dissolved in ultrapure water to prepare aqueous solutions having respective concentrations of 100mM, 80mM, 50mM, 20mM, 10mM, 5mM and 2mM, and the above copper perchlorate solutions having different concentrations were dropped onto a liquid crystal sensor platform in a dropping volume of 50. mu.L and observed with a polarizing microscope, and as a result, bright optical images were observed under the polarizing microscope as shown in FIG. 2. Then 1.0mg/mL cysteine solution and homocysteine solution are respectively added on a liquid crystal sensing platform containing copper perchlorate solutions with different concentrations, the dropping volume is 50 mu L, and the observation is carried out by using a polarizing microscope (as shown in figure 3), when the concentration of the copper perchlorate solution is more than 10mM, after two kinds of sulfhydryl amino acid are added, a completely dark optical image is observed (as shown in figure 3A a-d and figure 3B a-d), and the observation in a cone light mode shows that the liquid crystal does not adopt vertical arrangement any more, but becomes an isotropic state; when the concentration of the copper perchlorate solution is 10mM, completely dark optical morphology (as shown in FIG. 3A e and FIG. 3B e) is captured, and an optical image of a cross is observed in a conoscopic state, which proves that the liquid crystal is in a vertical alignment state at the moment; when the concentration of the copper perchlorate solution was <10mM, no completely dark optical images were obtained by the addition of two mercaptoamino acids over a period of one hour (see FIGS. 3A f-g and 3B f-g). Therefore, the subsequent experiments can be carried out by selecting and adding two kinds of amino acids to have obvious response and simultaneously ensuring that the concentration of the vertically arranged liquid crystal copper perchlorate solution is 10 mM.
Example 3 detection and identification of cysteine and homocysteine based on a liquid Crystal sensing platform
Respectively dissolving standard cysteine and homocysteine in ultrapure water by ultrasonic wave for about 30min, wherein the concentration of cysteine is prepared into 1.0mg/mL, 0.1mg/mL, 0.01mg/mL, 0.005mg/mL and 0.001mg/mL, and the concentration of homocysteine is prepared into 1.0mg/mL, 0.1mg/mL, 0.05mg/mL, 0.01mg/mL and 0.001 mg/mL; respectively dripping the cysteine solution and the homocysteine solution with different concentrations onto a liquid crystal sensing platform containing 10mM copper perchlorate solution, wherein the dripping volumes of the copper perchlorate solution, the cysteine solution and the homocysteine solution are all 50 mu L, and observing an optical image of liquid crystal under a polarizing microscope after a period of time, wherein the result is shown in figure 4, the concentration of the added cysteine is more than or equal to 0.01mg/mL, and a completely dark optical appearance can be obtained within two hours (figure 4A a-c); by adding homocysteine at a concentration of 0.05mg/mL or more, a darker optical appearance was obtained within two hours (FIG. 4B a-c). When the concentration of both decreased further, the liquid crystal morphology remained substantially bright (FIG. 4A d-e and FIG. 4B d-e). The image was subjected to pixel analysis using Adobe Photoshop CS6 software, the bright area coverage of the liquid crystal optical image was calculated, and then a graph of the change of the bright area coverage of the liquid crystal optical image with time was obtained by Origin software (fig. 5). It can be seen from fig. 5 that the addition of the cysteine solution and the homocysteine solution at the same concentration results in a clear difference in the coverage of the bright areas of the liquid crystal optical image.
To further show the identifiability of the liquid crystal sensing platform to cysteine solution and homocysteine solution, the bright area coverage of the liquid crystal optical image at different times with the addition of 0.01mg/mL cysteine (detection limit of cysteine) and 1.0mg/mL homocysteine (highest detection concentration of homocysteine) was compared (fig. 6). As can be clearly seen from FIG. 6, the liquid crystal sensing platform can still identify cysteine with lower concentration and homocysteine with higher concentration, and the identification effect on two kinds of sulfhydryl amino acid with the same concentration is better.
Example 4 Effect of other non-sulfhydryl amino acids on the detection and identification of cysteine and homocysteine on a liquid Crystal sensor platform
Respectively dissolving standard substances of other non-sulfhydryl amino acids in ultra-pure water by ultrasonic waves, wherein the other non-sulfhydryl amino acids comprise alanine, glycine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, histidine, arginine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, glutamine, asparagine and methionine, the ultrasonic wave dissolving time is about 30min, preparing into 0.1mg/mL amino acid solution, then respectively dripping the different amino acid solutions onto a liquid crystal sensing platform containing 10mM copper perchlorate solution, the dripping volumes of the copper perchlorate solution and the amino acid solution are both 50 muL, observing an optical image of liquid crystal under a polarizing microscope after a period of time, and obtaining a bright optical image after the non-sulfhydryl amino acid is added as shown in figure 7, the liquid crystal sensing platform is shown to have no response to the non-sulfhydryl amino acid, and the non-sulfhydryl amino acid can not influence the detection and the identification of the cysteine and the homocysteine on the liquid crystal sensing platform.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine based on a liquid crystal sensing platform is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing a liquid crystal sensing platform;
(2) adding a copper perchlorate solution into the liquid crystal sensing platform constructed in the step (1);
(3) adding a sample to be detected on the liquid crystal sensing platform containing the copper perchlorate solution in the step (2), observing the appearance of the liquid crystal by using a polarizing microscope, wherein when the appearance of the liquid crystal is totally dark, the concentration of cysteine in the sample to be detected is more than or equal to 0.01 mg/mL; or when the coverage rate of the brightness area of the liquid crystal appearance is less than 20%, the concentration of homocysteine in the sample to be detected is more than or equal to 0.05 mg/mL;
wherein, the sample to be detected in the step (3) contains cysteine or homocysteine; the change time of the appearance of the liquid crystal from brightness to full darkness is short, namely a cysteine solution, and the change time is 0-30 min; the liquid crystal appearance changes from bright to dark for a long time and is a homocysteine solution, and the change time is 60-120 min.
2. The method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine based on liquid crystal sensing platform according to claim 1 wherein the liquid crystal sensing platform in step (1) is constructed by the following method:
i. cleaning a glass substrate, drying in an oxygen-isolated manner, treating in an octadecyl trichlorosilane-n-heptane solution for 20-40 min, washing with dichloromethane, and drying with nitrogen to obtain a treated liquid crystal substrate;
ii. And (e) placing a copper mesh on the treated liquid crystal substrate prepared in the step (i), and dripping liquid crystal on the surface of the liquid crystal substrate paved with the copper mesh to prepare the liquid crystal sensing platform.
3. The method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine based on a liquid crystal sensor platform according to claim 2 wherein step i satisfies one or more of the following:
a. the step of cleaning the glass substrate is as follows: soaking a glass substrate in a washing solution for 20-50 min at 70-80 ℃, and then respectively washing with ultrapure water, absolute ethyl alcohol and methanol for 2-3 times;
b. the glass substrate is a glass slide;
c. the oxygen-isolating drying step comprises: drying by nitrogen, and drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 110-130 ℃;
d. the octadecyl trichlorosilane-n-heptane solution is prepared by dissolving octadecyl trichlorosilane in n-heptane, and the concentration of the octadecyl trichlorosilane in the octadecyl trichlorosilane-n-heptane solution is 1-10 mM.
4. The method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine based on liquid crystal sensing platform according to claim 3 wherein the wash solution is "piranha" wash solution prepared from 98% by mass concentrated sulfuric acid and 30% by mass hydrogen peroxide in a volume ratio of 7: 3.
5. The method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine according to claim 2 wherein the liquid crystal in step ii is 4-cyano-4' -pentylbiphenyl.
6. The method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine based on liquid crystal sensing platform according to claim 1 wherein the concentration of copper perchlorate solution in step (2) is 5-20 mM.
7. The method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine based on liquid crystal sensing platform according to claim 1 wherein the volume of the copper perchlorate solution added in step (2) is equal to the volume of the sample to be tested added in step (3).
8. The method for detecting and identifying cysteine and homocysteine based on liquid crystal sensing platform of claim 7 wherein the dropping volume of copper perchlorate solution is 40 μ L, 45 μ L, 50 μ L or 55 μ L, and correspondingly the dropping volume of the sample to be tested is 40 μ L, 45 μ L, 50 μ L or 55 μ L.
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