CN110158078A - A kind of laser cladding method for reducing the planar surface that crackle generates and preparing hard coat - Google Patents

A kind of laser cladding method for reducing the planar surface that crackle generates and preparing hard coat Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110158078A
CN110158078A CN201910454904.4A CN201910454904A CN110158078A CN 110158078 A CN110158078 A CN 110158078A CN 201910454904 A CN201910454904 A CN 201910454904A CN 110158078 A CN110158078 A CN 110158078A
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China
Prior art keywords
road
laser
coating
auxiliary material
hard coat
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CN201910454904.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
骆芳
胡晓冬
白少状
张伟
袁林江
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
Zhijiang College of ZJUT
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
Zhijiang College of ZJUT
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Priority to CN201910454904.4A priority Critical patent/CN110158078A/en
Publication of CN110158078A publication Critical patent/CN110158078A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The planar surface that the present invention provides a kind of reduction crackle generation prepares the laser cladding method of hard coat, comprising the following steps: prepares a kind of a kind of hard coating material M2 and auxiliary material M1, the yield strength σ of the hard coat M2s2, hardness H2, phase transition temperature TACM2Than the auxiliary material yield strength σs1, hardness H1, phase transition temperature TACM1Height, corresponding relationship: σs2> σs1, H2> H1, TACM2> TACM1；Auxiliary material M1 is first melted in the soft material that the building of flat part surface intersects anyhow by road grid using laser melting coating on basis material；Hard coating material M2 is formed to using laser melting coating the molten road covering soft material being mutually lapped again and melts road grid；Heat treatment method is using lower than auxiliary material M1 phase transition temperature TACM1Heat treatment temperature TaStress relief annealing is carried out to coating；The internal stress of part when the present invention can effectively reduce laser melting coating, to reduce the generation of crackle.

Description

A kind of laser cladding method for reducing the planar surface that crackle generates and preparing hard coat
Technical field:
The invention belongs to laser melting and coating technique fields, and in particular to it is a kind of reduce crackle generate planar surface prepare hard The laser cladding method of coating
Background technique:
Laser melting and coating technique be made using laser emission cladding material and matrix surface and meanwhile melt and quickly solidification, thus Significantly improve a kind of process of basis material physical property.The essence of laser cladding process is high energy laser beam and metal powder When end and substrate interact, the rapid melting of powder and substrate, rapid cooling process.It is separate since this process is extremely short Equilibrium state, the degree of superheat and degree of supercooling are much larger than normative heat treatment, therefore material can be made to form crystal grain height in laser irradiation region The tissue and lesser deformation, laser melting and coating technique advantage for spending refinement have: (1) can carry out ingredient by mixing different-alloy powder Design, has obtained fully dense metallurgical bonding coating；(2) due to quickly heating and cooling procedure, laser cladding layer tissue are equal Even densification, it is few to surround and watch defect；(3) power of laser beam, location and shape etc. can be accurately controlled, and the constituency Yi Shixian is even micro- Area's cladding.(4) belong to contactless processing, convenient for automation, realize Flexible Manufacture.
However, can not have enough liquid gold in process of setting since laser melting coating is quick heating and cooling procedure Belong to supplement, and receive the constraint of the colder substrate of surrounding during subsequent solid-state cooling meat, internal stress is caused often to be difficult to It is released, and once discharges and will result in crackle.
Stress in cladding layer mainly include the following types:
(1) thermal stress.It is two kinds that thermal stress, which is divided into: one is inside same material, after material is heated, by material Caused by temperature gradient；Another kind is since elasticity modulus, the thermal expansion coefficient of substrate and cladding material are different, to make each layer Between coefficient of thermal expansion and shrinking percentage it is inconsistent and generate.
(2) structural stress.Structural stress is generated since metal material melted by heat is undergone phase transition.
(3) restraint stress.Restraint stress is also as caused by two aspect reasons: first is that quickly due to cladding process, molten bath Temperature is excessively high, some materials expanded by heating melted in molten bath, but the constraint of adjacent material is i.e. by action of compressive stress；Separately It on the one hand is after being removed due to scanning light beam, scanned region cools down rapidly, and cladding region cannot be certainly because of the globality of material Lead to the effect of larger tensile stress by contraction.
Due to the presence of internal stress, the generation of crackle is often had in cladding process, can be divided by the position that crackle generates Re-melt deposit welding, interface matrix crackle and overlap crackle.
During preparing hard coat using laser cladding method, since hard coating material and basis material are in object Rationality can on there are larger differences, therefore, there is bigger internal stress in the interface of prepared hard coat and matrix, it is easier to produce Raw crackle.This undoubtedly limits the popularization and application of laser melting and coating technique, need need a kind of economic, efficient method now to subtract The generation of few crackle.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide the laser melting coating sides that a kind of planar surface that reduction crackle generates prepares hard coat Method, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:
Prepare the coating and need a kind of hard coating material M2, and one kind intensity compared with hard coating material M2 it is low, The auxiliary material M1 that hardness is low, phase transition temperature is low.The main performance index of hard coating material M2 are as follows: yield strength σs2, hardness H2, phase transition temperature TACM2, the main performance index of auxiliary material M1 is yield strength σs1, hardness H1, phase transition temperature TACM1, corresponding Parameters relationship are as follows:
σs2> σs1, H2> H1, TACM2> TACM1。
Steps are as follows:
Auxiliary material M1 constructed using laser melting coating on flat part surface (basis material M0) first and is intersected anyhow Soft material melts road grid；Hard coating material M2 is formed using laser melting coating by the molten road being mutually lapped again and covers soft material Molten road grid；Last heat treatment method is using the heat treatment temperature Ta lower than auxiliary material M1 phase transition temperature TACM1 to coating Carry out stress relief annealing.
The principle that the present invention reduces coating stress is as follows: the soft material intersected anyhow using auxiliary material M1 building is molten Road grid plays the role of reducing internal stress in the coating, reduces crackle generation: on the one hand, since the surrender of auxiliary material M1 is strong Spend σs1Lower than σs2, during laser cladding coating expanded by heating and cooling meat, auxiliary material M1 is more prone to produce plasticity change Shape, the plastic deformation of auxiliary material M1 reduce the restraint stress inside cladding process and cooling procedure floating coat；On the other hand, In temperature TaThe heat treatment carried out can make auxiliary material M1 and hard coating material M2 generate the stress relaxation of part, and make to bend It takes the lower auxiliary material M1 of intensity and generates internal local plastic deformation, this can all reduce the internal residual stress of coating.
Further, lower auxiliary by certain size cladding hardness on basis material M0 with Y-direction in X direction respectively Help material M1.Wherein the molten road Rx spacing of the auxiliary material M1 of institute's cladding is d in X direction1, and the molten road Rx width is w1, thick Degree is h1.Molten road Ry spacing along the auxiliary material M1 of Y-direction cladding is d2, the width for melting road Ry is also w1, melt road Ry thickness It is h1。
Further, among the auxiliary material M1 of institute's cladding, cladding hard material M2 in X direction, hard material M2 institute The molten road Rz width formed is w2, with a thickness of h2.The lap width of the adjacent road Liang Tiaorong Rz is w3。
In coating preparation process, it is using the purpose that the soft material of auxiliary material M1 building intersected anyhow melts road grid The condition that plastic deformation with stress relaxation are generated under low-stress state, therefore, the coating layer thickness of auxiliary material M1 are provided for coating h1With the thickness h of hard coat M22Ratio should rationally design, h1Opposite h2It is excessive to will cause the decline of hard coat performance, h1Phase To h2It is too small, it is unfavorable for coating stress release；Equally, soft material melts the spacing of road grid and molten road width and should rationally design, Grid spacing (d1、d2) too small, molten road width (w1) cross conference introduce excessive soft material influence the binding force of coating, intensity, The performances such as hardness, grid spacing is excessive, molten road width is spent small, is unfavorable for the stress release of coating.
In addition, the molten road Rz due to hard material M2 is cladding in X direction, in X-direction by high-energy-density laser The quick heating of beam is simultaneously cooling, can shrink along molten road Rz in X-direction, generate biggish thermal stress and restraint stress.Therefore, soft Material melts in road grid along the spacing d of the molten road Ry of Y-direction arrangement2It should be less than the spacing d of the molten road Rx of X-direction arrangement1。
Preferred design scheme are as follows:
d1=(1.5~3) d2
d2=(2~4) w2
w2=(2~4) w1
h2=(1.5~2.5) h1
w3=(0.25~0.35) w2
h2For the height for melting road Rz, h1For the height for melting road Ry, w1For the molten road width of auxiliary material M1, w2For hard material The width of the road LiaoM2Rong Rz, d1For adjacent molten road Rx center away from d2For adjacent molten road Ry center away from w3It is adjacent The width of lap-joint between the road Liang Tiaorong Rz.
Further, when laser melting coating auxiliary material M1, laser technical parameters are as follows: laser power range be 1300W~ 1800W, scanning speed range are 6mm/s~10mm/s, and powder feeding rate range is 20mg/min~35mg/min, and laser facula is straight Diameter range is 0.5mm~1.5mm.
Further, when laser melting coating hard material M2, laser technical parameters are as follows: laser power range be 1500W~ 2000W, scanning speed range are 2mm/s~6mm/s, and powder feeding rate range is 20mg/min~35mg/min, and laser facula is straight Diameter range is 2mm~5mm.
Further, heat treatment method is air-cooled after keeping the temperature 2 hours at 450 DEG C.
Further, the basis material M0 can be ironwork, stainless steel, titanium alloy or some mixed metal systems Product.
Further, the auxiliary material M1 be preferably Fe30 powder, Fe45 powder, Ni20 powder, Ni25 powder, One of Ni35 powder, Ni45 powder, Co42A powder, 316L powder or any several mixed-powder.
Further, the hard material M2 be preferably Fe55 powder, Fe60 powder, Fe65 powder, Ni60 powder, One of INCONEL718 alloy powder, Co50 powder or any several mixture.
Compared with prior art, the present invention economical and efficient, can effectively reduce the internal stress of laser melting coating generation, to reduce The generation of crackle.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is a kind of laser cladding method for reducing the planar surface that crackle generates and preparing hard coat of the present invention In form molten road by certain lower auxiliary material M1 of size cladding hardness on basis material M0 with Y-direction in X direction Top view；
Fig. 2 is a kind of laser cladding method for reducing the planar surface that crackle generates and preparing hard coat of the present invention In in X direction cladding hard material M2 form the top view in molten road；
Fig. 3 is cross-sectional view of the coating along Y-direction after the completion of cladding of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the top view after the completion of cladding of the present invention.
Specific embodiment:
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
It is as follows using the method for the present invention:
Basis material M0 is No. 45 steel, and having a size of 30mm × 30mm × 10mm, auxiliary material M1 selects 316L powder of stainless steel, Hard material M2 selects INCONEL718 alloy powder.
During laser cladding coating, first on No. 45 steel of basis material, with laser melting coating 316L powder, vertical and horizontal hand over is constructed The soft material of fork melts road grid, then, then soft material is melted grid with laser melting coating INCONEL718 alloy powder and is covered Lid.
The soft material that the preparation of cladding auxiliary material intersects anyhow melts road grid technological parameter: laser power 1500W, Scan linear velocity 8mm/s, spot diameter 1mm, powder feeding rate 15mg/min；The molten road width prepared by above-mentioned technological parameter Spend w1For 1mm, with a thickness of 0.45mm, the center of the adjacent molten road Rx of X-direction is away from d1For 10mm, the center of the adjacent molten road Ry of Y-direction away from d2For 6mm.
When cladding hard material M2, technological parameter are as follows: laser power 2000W scans linear velocity 4mm/s, powder feeding speed Rate is 30mg/min, spot diameter 2mm, and overlapping rate is 30% between hard coat.Prepare hard coat width w2For 2mm, height h2For the hard coat of 0.8mm.
Reduce according to the INCONEL718 alloy coat internal stress of this scheme preparation, verifies coating surface after surface inspection Flawless is 29HRC through measurement coating hardness, and hardness performance index is without being substantially reduced.
Used heat treatment method after cladding are as follows: air-cooled after keeping the temperature 2 hours at 450 DEG C.
Using the comparative example of conventional laser cladding method:
Basis material is all No. 45 steel.Technological parameter used is identical when cladding, and powder M2 is all that selected INCONEL718 is closed Bronze end, laser power 2000W scan linear velocity 4mm/s, powder feeding rate 30mg/min, spot diameter 2mm, overlap joint Rate is 30%.Prepare hard coat width w2For 2mm, height h2For the hard coat of 1mm.Direct cladding is in spherome surface.
After surface inspection, there are a large amount of crackles.
The result shows that method according to the invention cladding is in matrix surface, verified after surface inspection coating surface without Crackle is 29HRC through measurement coating hardness, and hardness performance index is without being substantially reduced.When directly INCONEL718 alloyed powder Last directly cladding after surface inspection, finds a large amount of crackles in matrix surface.
Embodiment 2
Basis material M0 is No. 45 steel, and having a size of 60mm × 60mm × 10mm, auxiliary material M1 selects Fe45 powder, hard material Material M2 selects Ni60 powder.
During laser cladding coating, first on No. 45 steel of basis material, with laser melting coating Fe45 powder, vertical and horizontal hand over is constructed The soft material of fork melts road grid, then, then soft material is melted grid with laser melting coating Ni60 powder and is covered.
The soft material that intersects anyhow of cladding auxiliary material M1 preparation melts road grid technological parameter: laser power is 1700W scans linear velocity 7mm/s, spot diameter 1.5mm, powder feeding rate 20mg/min；It is prepared by above-mentioned technological parameter Molten road width w1For 1.5mm, with a thickness of 0.6mm, the center of the adjacent molten road Rx of X-direction is away from d1For 20mm, the adjacent molten road of Y-direction The center of Ry is away from d2For 10mm.
When cladding hard material M2, technological parameter are as follows: laser power 2000W scans linear velocity 4mm/s, powder feeding speed Rate is 35mg/min, spot diameter 3mm, and overlapping rate is 40% between hard coat.Prepare hard coat width w2For 3mm, height h2For the hard coat of 1.5mm.
Reduce according to the Ni60 coat inside stress of this scheme preparation, coating surface flawless, warp are verified after surface inspection Measurement coating hardness is 50HRC, and hardness performance index is without being substantially reduced.
Used heat treatment method after cladding are as follows: air-cooled after keeping the temperature 2 hours at 450 DEG C.
The above is only the preferred embodiment for the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art, Without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as this In invention protection scope.

Claims (5)

  1. Reduce the planar surface that crackle generates 1. a kind of and prepare the laser cladding method of hard coat, which is characterized in that including with Lower step:
    Prepare a kind of a kind of hard coating material M2 and auxiliary material M1, the yield strength σ of the hard coat M2s2, hardness H2, phase transition temperature TACM2Than the auxiliary material yield strength σs1, hardness H1, phase transition temperature TACM1Height, corresponding relationship: σs2> σs1, H2> H1, TACM2> TACM1；
    Auxiliary material M1 is first constructed using laser melting coating by the soft material intersected anyhow on flat part surface on basis material The road Liao Rong grid；
    Hard coating material M2 is formed to using laser melting coating the molten road covering soft material being mutually lapped again and melts road grid；
    Last heat treatment method is using lower than auxiliary material M1 phase transition temperature TACM1Heat treatment temperature TaCoating answer Power annealing.
  2. 2. a kind of laser melting coating side for reducing the planar surface that crackle generates and preparing hard coat according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that the auxiliary material M1 spacing that cladding is formed by molten road Rx in X direction is d1, melt the width of road Rx For w1, melt road Rx with a thickness of h1；The spacing for being formed by molten road Ry along Y-direction cladding is d2, melt road Ry width and thickness with Molten road Rx is identical, width w1, with a thickness of h1；On auxiliary material M1, cladding hard material M2 forms molten road Rz in X direction, melts The width of road Rz is w2, with a thickness of h2；The width of lap-joint between the adjacent road Liang Tiaorong Rz is w3；The corresponding ginseng in the molten road Number relationship correspondence is as follows:
    d1=(1.5~3) d2
    d2=(2~4) w2
    w2=(2~4) w1
    h2=(1.5~2.5) h1
    w3=(0.25~0.35) w2。
  3. 3. a kind of laser melting coating for reducing the planar surface that crackle generates and preparing hard coat according to claim 1 or 2 Method, which is characterized in that when laser melting coating auxiliary material M1, laser technical parameters are as follows: laser power range be 1300W~ 1800W, scanning speed range are 6mm/s~10mm/s, and powder feeding rate range is 20mg/min~35mg/min, and laser facula is straight Diameter range is 0.5mm~1.5mm.
  4. 4. a kind of laser melting coating for reducing the planar surface that crackle generates and preparing hard coat according to claim 1 or 2 Method, which is characterized in that when laser melting coating hard material M2, laser technical parameters are as follows: laser power range be 1500W~ 2000W, scanning speed range are 2mm/s~6mm/s, and powder feeding rate range is 20mg/min~35mg/min, and laser facula is straight Diameter range is 2mm~5mm.
  5. 5. a kind of laser melting coating side for reducing the planar surface that crackle generates and preparing hard coat according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that the heat treatment method is, air-cooled after keeping the temperature 2 hours at 450 DEG C.
CN201910454904.4A 2019-05-29 2019-05-29 A kind of laser cladding method for reducing the planar surface that crackle generates and preparing hard coat Pending CN110158078A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112342542A (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-02-09 成都航空职业技术学院 Method for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding of 316L coating of 45 steel part
CN112475316A (en) * 2020-11-05 2021-03-12 上海云铸三维科技有限公司 Composite reinforced laser melting scanning method

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102002710A (en) * 2010-12-30 2011-04-06 两仪激光技术（天津）有限公司 Cladding layer crack control method of laser surface cladding process
CN104164643A (en) * 2014-08-18 2014-11-26 南京理工大学 Thermal barrier coating with bonding layer in net structure and preparation method of thermal barrier

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102002710A (en) * 2010-12-30 2011-04-06 两仪激光技术（天津）有限公司 Cladding layer crack control method of laser surface cladding process
CN104164643A (en) * 2014-08-18 2014-11-26 南京理工大学 Thermal barrier coating with bonding layer in net structure and preparation method of thermal barrier

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112475316A (en) * 2020-11-05 2021-03-12 上海云铸三维科技有限公司 Composite reinforced laser melting scanning method
CN112342542A (en) * 2020-11-20 2021-02-09 成都航空职业技术学院 Method for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding of 316L coating of 45 steel part

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Application publication date: 20190823