CN110151860A - 一种黑果枸杞提取物的制备方法及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黑果枸杞提取物的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：(1)提取：以黑果枸杞干燥果实为原料，经低温超声萃取技术进行提取，得到提取液；(2)分离：将所述步骤(1)所得提取液先过滤除去果壳等杂质，再经高速离心机离心除去细小不溶性杂质；(3)浓缩：将所得的上清液减压浓缩，得黑果枸杞提取物浸膏；(4)干燥：将所得浸膏加入适量辅料进行真空冷冻干燥，获得所述黑果枸杞提取物。本发明操作简单、成本低、花色苷提取率高，制备的产品便于携带，附加值高，无有机溶剂残留的生产方法。本发明的黑果枸杞提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性，可作为食品级医药保健品原料，具有较高的应用价值与市场前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种从天然植物中提取功效成分的方法，尤其涉及一种黑果枸杞提取物的制备方法及其用途。属于食品深加工领域。
背景技术
黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum Murr)为茄科枸杞属多年生灌木植物。黑果枸杞味甘、性平，归肝、肾经。功效为滋补肝肾，益精明目，补血安神，润肺止咳，生津止渴。适用于腰膝酸软、头晕目眩、两眼昏花等症状。藏医药经典《四部医典》、《晶珠本草》等记载黑果枸杞主治心热病、心脏病、***、停经等。《维吾尔药志》记载维吾尔医生常用黑果枸杞果实及根皮治疗尿道结石、癣疥、齿龈出血等症，民间作滋补强壮以及降压药。中医古籍《普济方》、《叶天士医案精华》等记载黑果枸杞用于养血、止血、虚劳、痈疡痔漏以及经产淋带女科杂治等。
黑果枸杞含有丰富的花色苷、脂肪酸、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、矿质元素和多糖等。黑果枸杞中的原花青素是从其果实中提取的一种***素，色泽鲜艳自然，无特殊气味，是一种珍稀的天然食用花色苷类色素资源。花色苷是一种强有力的抗氧化剂，它能够保护人体免受一种叫做自由基的有害物质的损伤。黑果枸杞中含有丰富的花色苷，含量高达386.9mg/100g(鲜重)。具有消除自由基、抗氧化的功能，是黑色食品的佼佼者。
目前市场上的黑果枸杞相关产品主要是黑果枸杞干果，须用温水浸泡一段时间后服用。但该法处理时间长，营养成分摄取不完全，而且光照时间长会破坏黑果枸杞中的花色苷造成活性成分损失。
目前也没有开发出便于市场流通的高品质黑果枸杞产品。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决黑果枸杞提取物在制备过程中花色苷易损失的问题，提供一种黑果枸杞提取物的制备方法及其用途。
为解决上述问题，本发明公开了一种黑果枸杞提取物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)提取：以黑果枸杞干燥果实为原料，经低温超声萃取技术进行提取，得到提取液；
(2)分离：将所述步骤(1)所得提取液先过滤除去果壳等杂质，再经高速离心机离心除去细小不溶性杂质；
(3)浓缩：将所得的上清液减压浓缩，得黑果枸杞提取物浸膏；
(4)干燥：将所得浸膏加入适量辅料进行真空冷冻干燥，获得所述黑果枸杞提取物。
进一步地，在所述步骤(1)中，所述低温超声萃取的条件为按1:10～20料液比进行水提取，提取温度为4～10℃，超声提取功率为400～2000W，提取时间为20～40min，提取1～2次。
进一步地，在所述步骤(2)中，所述过滤除去果壳等杂质采用的是200目分样筛。
进一步地，在所述步骤(2)中，所述高速离心分离杂质的转速为4000～15000r/min，时间为10～15min。
进一步地，在所述步骤(3)中，提取液减压浓缩温度在40～60℃，真空度在0.5～0.8Mpa条件下进行。得到固形物含量为30～50％的黑果枸杞浓缩液。
进一步地，在所述步骤(4)中，所述干燥为真空冷冻干燥，干燥温度为-20℃～25℃，真空度为1～10Pa,干燥至水份含量为3～4％的冻干粉。
进一步地，所述方法可以用于食品、医药、保健品等各类产品的开发。
本发明相对于现有技术具有以下优点：
本发明的黑果枸杞提取物具有很强的抗氧化性，可以用于食品、医药、保健品等各类产品的开发。本发明采用低温水超声萃取技术和真空冷冻干燥技术相结合，不但有效地降低了生产成本，缩短了提取分离的时间，减少了工艺过程中的能耗，避免了有机溶剂残留高等问题，而且降低了花色苷的降解率，最大限度的保证了黑果枸杞中花色苷的提取率。这是一种生产方法简单，成本低，花色苷提取率高，制备的产品便于携带，附加值高，无有机溶剂残留的生产方法。本发明的黑果枸杞提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性，可作为食品级医药保健品原料，具有较高的应用价值与市场前景。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了，下面通过实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。但是应该理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1不同提取工艺下黑果枸杞提取物得率比较
1.实验方法
1.1常温水浸提黑果枸杞
取100g黑果枸杞干果，加入20倍量水室温浸提2次，每次4h，合并提取液，进行减压真空浓缩(40℃，0.8Mpa)，浓缩至料液比1:8,在浓缩液中加入100g水溶性糊精，搅拌均匀，上冷冻干燥机，干燥至含水量约4％的冻干粉，称重。
1.2低温水浸提黑果枸杞
取100g黑果枸杞干果，加入20倍量水4℃冷藏柜内浸提2次，每次4h，合并提取液，进行减压真空浓缩(40℃，0.8Mpa)，浓缩至料液比1:8,在浓缩液中加入100g水溶性糊精，搅拌均匀，上冷冻干燥机，干燥至含水量约4％的冻干粉，称重。
1.3低温水超声提取黑果枸杞
取100g黑果枸杞干果，加入20倍量水4℃低温超声萃取仪超声提取2次，每次20min，合并提取液，进行减压真空浓缩(40℃，0.8Mpa)，浓缩至料液比1:8,在浓缩液中加入100g水溶性糊精，搅拌均匀，上冷冻干燥机，干燥至含水量约4％的冻干粉，称重。
2.实验结果
三种不同提取工艺黑果枸杞提取物得率比较
| 工艺 | 提取物质量(g) | 得率 |
| 常温水浸提 | 92 | 46％ |
| 低温水浸提 | 100 | 50％ |
| 低温水超提 | 128 | 64％ |
三种提取工艺得到的黑果枸杞提取物得率中，低温水超声提取是最高的(64％)，说明超声提取能显著提高黑果枸杞提取物得率。既节约了提取时间，简化了工艺，又提高了效率。
实施例2一种黑果枸杞提取物的制备步骤如下:
(1)提取：称取黑果枸杞干燥果实1kg，按1:20料液比进行低温水超声萃取，提取温度为10℃，超声提取功率为1200W，提取时间为30min，提取2次，得到提取液；
(2)分离：将上一步的提取液先用200目分样筛过滤除去果壳等杂质；再将粗滤液经高速离心机离心除去细小不溶性杂质，转速为12000r/min，时间为15min；
(3)浓缩：将上一步所得的上清液减压浓缩，温度在60℃，真空度在0.8Mpa条件下进行。得到固形物含量为30％的黑果枸杞浓缩液；
(4)干燥：将上一步所得的浓缩液加入适量海藻糖进行真空冷冻干燥，辅料用量为30％，干燥温度为-40℃～25℃，真空度为1Pa,干燥至水份含量为3％的冻干粉。即得黑果枸杞提取物。
实施例3一种黑果枸杞提取物制作的固体饮料
按实施例2黑果枸杞提取物制备方法制得水分含量3％的黑果枸杞提取物600g，粉碎至100目，加入300g的果粉，分装成2g/袋的固体饮料。此款固体饮料纯天然，不添加香精，甜味剂，色素，防腐剂，属于天然抗氧化佳品。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，在上述说明书的描述中提到的数值及数值范围并不用于限制本发明，只是为本发明提供优选的实施方式，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种黑果枸杞提取物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)提取：以黑果枸杞干燥果实为原料，经低温超声萃取技术进行提取，得到提取液；
(2)分离：将所述步骤(1)所得提取液先过滤除去果壳等杂质，再经高速离心机离心除去细小不溶性杂质；
(3)浓缩：将所得的上清液减压浓缩，得黑果枸杞提取物浸膏；
(4)干燥：将所得浸膏加入适量辅料进行真空冷冻干燥，获得所述黑果枸杞提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤(1)中，所述低温超声萃取的条件为按1:10～20料液比进行水提取，提取温度为4～10℃，超声提取功率为400～2000W，提取时间为20～40min，提取1～2次。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤(2)中，所述过滤除去果壳等杂质采用的是200目分样筛。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤(2)中，所述高速离心分离杂质的转速为4000～15000r/min，时间为10～15min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤(3)中，提取液减压浓缩温度在40～60℃，真空度在0.5～0.8Mpa条件下进行。得到固形物含量为30～50％的黑果枸杞浓缩液。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤(4)中，所述干燥为真空冷冻干燥，干燥温度为-20℃～25℃，真空度为1～10Pa,干燥至水份含量为3～4％的冻干粉。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法可以用于食品、医药、保健品等各类产品的开发。
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| CN111647283A (zh) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-11 | 宁夏北方生物科技有限公司 | 一种枸杞红色素的提取方法 |
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