CN110150019B - Planting method of tea with high theaflavin content - Google Patents
Planting method of tea with high theaflavin content Download PDFInfo
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- CN110150019B CN110150019B CN201910597526.5A CN201910597526A CN110150019B CN 110150019 B CN110150019 B CN 110150019B CN 201910597526 A CN201910597526 A CN 201910597526A CN 110150019 B CN110150019 B CN 110150019B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of tea with high theaflavin content, and belongs to the field of plant cultivation. The invention mainly comprises (1) selecting a planting field; (2) burying organic matters; (3) turning soil and applying fertilizer; (4) planting; (5) and (5) cultivating and the like. The invention also provides a special fertilizer and nutrient solution for tea trees, which are used in the soil turning and fertilizing step and the cultivating step. The tea planted by the planting method of the tea with high theaflavin content provided by the invention has higher theaflavin content, and the content of pollutant phthalate in the tea is reduced to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method of tea with high theaflavin content.
Background
China is the origin of tea and the earliest country for commercial production of tea, and the tea industry is one of the traditional characteristic and dominant industries in China. Currently, nearly 60 countries plant tea in the world, more than 160 countries and regions have a habit of tea consumption, more than 20 hundred million global tea consumers consume more than 300 million tons of tea every year, and the tea industry is still in a growing trend, the world tea industry is very active, and China is used as a nosebleed of the world tea industry, and the tea industry plays a very important role.
However, certain problems still exist in the tea industry in China, and the text of the development report of the tea industry in China's tea circulation Association indicates that the whole operation situation of the tea industry in China is better, the tea consumption market potential is huge, but parts of the areas are still weak, the development bottlenecks such as low tea garden planting intensification degree, small scale of tea processing enterprises and the like exist, meanwhile, the development and application of a new tea soup extraction technology are challenged, and the rapid development of the tea industry is not facilitated.
In the aspect of tea production, the unit yield of tea leaves in China is still at a lower level, the labor efficiency is relatively low, the average per mu yield in China in 2008 is only 49kg, which is far lower than the level of other tea-producing countries in the world, and meanwhile, due to the seasonality of tea production and the manual operations of cultivation, fertilization, trimming, picking and the like of the current tea garden, the tea garden is easy to have the phenomena of labor force shortage, untimely picking, tea industry abandoning and the like.
In the aspect of tea industry management, the phenomena of low management level and the like, which are not regarded as important to management, generally exist in China, most managers lack special education and training for management major, tea garden construction lacks scientific planning, the tea garden aging phenomenon is serious, the problems of poor tea garden infrastructure, poor tea garden pest control, blind tea garden planting area expansion and the like are serious. The tea base construction lacks scientific space organization and industrialized standardized base construction, and particularly relates to water and fertilizer operation and popularization and application of biological pesticides.
The development direction of the future tea industry is to carry out garden integrated operation from the aspects of tea cultivation, fertilization, picking, processing and the like, increase the technological investment, realize standardized production management according to the basic principle of ecology and construct a high-grade tea industry garden.
In the prior art, a patent with application publication number CN 107027575a provides a planting method of selenium-rich tea, and a patent with application publication number CN 106718546a provides a planting method for improving tea quality. However, neither of the above patents relates to a method for increasing theaflavin content of tea. The theaflavin is a compound with exact pharmacological action found from tea leaves, and clinical tests prove that the theaflavin has the effects of regulating blood fat and preventing cardiovascular diseases, and has no toxic or side effect, and the content of the theaflavin in the existing black tea is generally higher than that of the green tea. However, the method is almost blank in the field of increasing the theaflavin content of the tea.
Disclosure of Invention
Due to the lack of a planting method for tea with high theaflavin content in the prior art, the invention provides a planting method for tea with high theaflavin content, and fills the gap. The method starts with details of tea cultivation, fertilization, cultivation, picking and the like, effectively improves the theaflavin content of the harvested tea, and simultaneously effectively reduces the pollution of phthalate compounds by spraying nutrient solution.
Specifically, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a planting method of tea with high theaflavin content comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting land: selecting a hilly land with sunny slope acid soil, wherein the slope is 20-30 degrees, and the elevation is 1000 m;
(2) and (3) burying organic matters: burying natural organic matter in the planting field within 1-2 months before planting;
(3) soil turning and fertilizing: turning soil in the selected planting area to a depth of 10-30cm, applying a special tea tree fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the turned soil and the special tea tree fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the special tea tree fertilizer is 20-50g/m2；
(4) Planting: planting tea trees within 1-7 days after soil turning and fertilization;
(5) culturing: applying the special tea tree fertilizer every 30-45 days before picking, wherein the application amount of the special tea tree fertilizer is 10-30g/m2(ii) a Spraying the nutrient solution to the leaf surface of the tea leaves every 10 to 20 days, wherein the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 10 to 30mL per plant.
Preferably, the natural organic substance is leaves of plants of the Rosaceae family.
Preferably, the rosaceous plant is peach, plum or apricot.
Preferably, the nutrient solution consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.00-1.50 parts of aminocarboxylic chelating agent, 0.05-0.20 part of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06-0.10 part of water-soluble phosphate, 1.00-1.50 parts of hydrophilic surfactant, 0.5-1.0 part of hexose and 1600-1800 parts of water;
the hydrophilic surfactant is any one of potassium oleate, sodium oleate, polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol ether and tea saponin.
Preferably, the aminocarboxylate chelant is any one of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, diethyltriamine pentaacetic acid and ethylenediamine disuccinic acid.
Preferably, the water-soluble phosphate is any one of sodium phytate, potassium phytate, sodium hexametaphosphate, potassium phosphate and sodium phosphate.
Preferably, the six-carbon monosaccharide is any one of glucose, mannose, fructose and galactose.
Preferably, the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 1.00-1.50 parts by weight of aminocarboxylic chelating agent, 0.05-0.20 part by weight of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06-0.10 part by weight of water-soluble phosphate, 1.00-1.50 parts by weight of hydrophilic surfactant and 0.5-1.0 part by weight of hexa-carbon monosaccharide into a container, adding 1600-1800 parts by weight of water, oscillating at the room temperature at the speed of 100-300rpm for 20 minutes, and standing for 30-60 minutes to obtain the nutrient solution.
Preferably, the special fertilizer for tea trees comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of peanut shell powder, 0.1-1.2 parts of microbial powder, 0.1-1 part of borax, 4-8 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-4 parts of calcium superphosphate, 4-8 parts of ammonium nitrate and 0.5-1 part of 4-hexylresorcinol.
Preferably, the microbial powder is bacillus powder: the trichoderma powder is mixed powder consisting of 3 (0.8-1.2) by mass ratio.
Preferably, the bacillus powder is any one or mixed bacillus powder mixed by any multiple of bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus pumilus powder and bacillus sphaericus powder in any proportion.
Preferably, the preparation method of the special tea tree fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing and sieving 30-50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 20-30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.1-1.2 parts by weight of microbial powder, 0.1-1 part by weight of borax, 4-8 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2-4 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4-8 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5-1 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol, and stacking outdoors for 5-7 days to obtain the special tea tree fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Specifically, the sources of the raw materials used in the following examples are as follows:
the tea variety is Longjing No. 43.
The planting field is Xinbi street double-peak mountain in Jinyun county, Zhejiang.
Apricot leaves, the fresh mature leaves of the Latin school name Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.
Peach leaf, a fresh mature leaf of the Latin school name Amygdalus persica L.
The soybean meal is low-temperature edible soybean meal and is purchased from Shandong Jurong bioengineering Co.
Peanut shell flour, 100 mesh peanut shell flour available from rural starch limited, guan.
Borax, CAS No.: 1303-96-4.
Potassium sulfate, CAS No.: 7778-80-5.
Calcium superphosphate, CAS number: 10031-30-8.
Ammonium nitrate, CAS No.: 6484-52-2.
4-hexylresorcinol, CAS No.: 136-77-6.
Ammonium iron oxalate, CAS No.: 13268-42-3.
Potassium phytate, CAS number: 129832-03-7.
Tea saponin, CAS number: 8047-15-2.
Galactose, CAS No.: 381716-33-2.
Ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, CAS No.: 20846-91-7.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, CAS No.: 60-00-4.
Bacillus pumilus powder, Latin brand Bacillus pumilus, purchased from Cangzhou Huayu Biotech limited company, with effective viable count of greater than or equal to 100 hundred million CFU/g.
Bacillus sphaericus powder, named Bacillus sphaericus by Latin school, is purchased from Cangzhou Huayu Biotech Co., Ltd, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 100 hundred million CFU/g.
Bacillus subtilis powder, the Latin brand Bacillus subtilis, is purchased from Cangzhou Huayu Biotech limited company, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 100 hundred million CFU/g.
Trichoderma harzianum, Latin, available from Hubei inspired bioengineering GmbH, with effective viable count of greater than or equal to 50 hundred million CFU/g.
Example 1
A planting method of tea with high theaflavin content comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting land: selecting a sunny slope acid soil hilly land, wherein the slope is 27 degrees, and the altitude is 166 m;
(2) and (3) burying organic matters: burying apricot leaves in the planting field within 2 months before planting, wherein the burying depth is 20cm, and the burying amount is 20g/m2；
(3) Soil turning and fertilizing: turning soil in the selected planting area, wherein the turning depth is 25cm, applying a special tea tree fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the turned soil and the special tea tree fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the special tea tree fertilizer is 30g/m 2;
the special fertilizer for the tea trees is prepared from 50 parts of soybean meal, 30 parts of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part of microbial powder, 0.2 part of borax, 4 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part of 4-hexylresorcinol;
the microbial powder is bacillus subtilis powder: the trichoderma powder is mixed with the fungus powder in a mass ratio of 3: 1;
the preparation method of the special tea tree fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol, sieving the mixture through a 10-mesh sieve, and stacking the mixture outdoors for 7 days to obtain the special tea tree fertilizer;
(4) planting: 5 days after the soil turning and the fertilization, planting tea trees in the selected planting area according to the row spacing of 80cm multiplied by 100cm, wherein the planting depth is 35 cm;
(5) culturing: applying a special fertilizer for tea trees every 45 days before picking, wherein the fertilizing amount is 12g/m2Spraying nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tea leaves every 12 days, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 15 mL;
the special fertilizer for the tea trees is the same as the fertilizer used in the step (3);
the nutrient solution consists of 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium iron oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin, 0.7 part by weight of galactose and 1600 parts by weight of water;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin and 0.7 part by weight of galactose into a container, adding 1600 parts by weight of water, oscillating at 100rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature, and standing for 60 minutes to obtain the nutrient solution.
Example 2
A planting method of tea with high theaflavin content comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting land: selecting a sunny slope acid soil hilly land, wherein the slope is 27 degrees, and the altitude is 166 m;
(2) and (3) burying organic matters: burying apricot leaves in the planting field within 2 months before planting, wherein the burying depth is 20cm, and the burying amount is 20g/m2；
(3) Soil turning and fertilizing: turning soil in the selected planting area to a depth of 25cm, applying a special tea tree fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the turned soil and the special tea tree fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the special tea tree fertilizer is 30g/m2；
The special fertilizer for the tea trees is prepared from 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol;
the microbial powder is bacillus subtilis powder: the trichoderma powder is mixed with the fungus powder in a mass ratio of 3: 1;
the preparation method of the special tea tree fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol, sieving the mixture through a 10-mesh sieve, and stacking the mixture outdoors for 7 days to obtain the special tea tree fertilizer;
(4) planting: 5 days after the soil turning and the fertilization, planting tea trees in the selected planting area according to the row spacing of 80cm multiplied by 100cm, wherein the planting depth is 35 cm;
(5) culturing: applying a special fertilizer for tea trees every 45 days before picking, wherein the fertilizing amount is 12g/m2Spraying nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tea leaves every 12 days, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 15 mL;
the special fertilizer for the tea trees is the same as the fertilizer used in the step (3);
the nutrient solution consists of 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium iron oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin, 0.7 part by weight of galactose and 1600 parts by weight of water;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin and 0.7 part by weight of galactose into a container, adding 1600 parts by weight of water, oscillating at 100rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature, and standing for 60 minutes to obtain the nutrient solution.
Example 3
A planting method of tea with high theaflavin content comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting land: selecting a sunny slope acid soil hilly land, wherein the slope is 27 degrees, and the altitude is 166 m;
(2) and (3) burying organic matters: burying peach leaves in planting field 2 months before planting, wherein the burying depth is 20cm, and the burying amount is 20g/m2；
(3) Soil turning and fertilizing: turning soil in the selected planting area to a depth of 25cm, applying a special tea tree fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the turned soil and the special tea tree fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the special tea tree fertilizer is 30g/m2；
The special fertilizer for the tea trees is prepared from 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol;
the microbial powder is bacillus subtilis powder: the trichoderma powder is mixed with the fungus powder in a mass ratio of 3: 1;
the preparation method of the special tea tree fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol, sieving the mixture through a 10-mesh sieve, and stacking the mixture outdoors for 7 days to obtain the special tea tree fertilizer;
(4) planting: 5 days after the soil turning and the fertilization, planting tea trees in the selected planting area according to the row spacing of 80cm multiplied by 100cm, wherein the planting depth is 35 cm;
(5) culturing: applying a special fertilizer for tea trees every 45 days before picking, wherein the fertilizing amount is 12g/m2Spraying nutrient solution to leaf surface of tea every 12 days, wherein each plant is sprayed with nutrient solutionThe amount is 15 mL;
the special fertilizer for the tea trees is the same as the fertilizer used in the step (3);
the nutrient solution consists of 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium iron oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin, 0.7 part by weight of galactose and 1600 parts by weight of water;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin and 0.7 part by weight of galactose into a container, adding 1600 parts by weight of water, oscillating at 100rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature, and standing for 60 minutes to obtain the nutrient solution.
Example 4
A planting method of tea with high theaflavin content comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting land: selecting a sunny slope acid soil hilly land, wherein the slope is 27 degrees, and the altitude is 166 m;
(2) and (3) burying organic matters: burying peach leaves in planting field 2 months before planting, wherein the burying depth is 20cm, and the burying amount is 20g/m2；
(3) Soil turning and fertilizing: turning soil in the selected planting area to a depth of 25cm, applying a special tea tree fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the turned soil and the special tea tree fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the special tea tree fertilizer is 30g/m2；
The special fertilizer for the tea trees is prepared from 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol;
the microbial powder is bacillus pumilus powder: the trichoderma powder is mixed with the fungus powder in a mass ratio of 3: 1;
the preparation method of the special tea tree fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol, sieving the mixture through a 10-mesh sieve, and stacking the mixture outdoors for 7 days to obtain the special tea tree fertilizer;
(4) planting: 5 days after the soil turning and the fertilization, planting tea trees in the selected planting area according to the row spacing of 80cm multiplied by 100cm, wherein the planting depth is 35 cm;
(5) culturing: applying a special fertilizer for tea trees every 45 days before picking, wherein the fertilizing amount is 12g/m2Spraying nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tea leaves every 12 days, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 15 mL;
the special fertilizer for the tea trees is the same as the fertilizer used in the step (3);
the nutrient solution consists of 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium iron oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin, 0.7 part by weight of galactose and 1600 parts by weight of water;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin and 0.7 part by weight of galactose into a container, adding 1600 parts by weight of water, oscillating at 100rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature, and standing for 60 minutes to obtain the nutrient solution.
Example 5
A planting method of tea with high theaflavin content comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting land: selecting a sunny slope acid soil hilly land, wherein the slope is 27 degrees, and the altitude is 166 m;
(2) and (3) burying organic matters: burying peach leaves in planting field 2 months before planting, wherein the burying depth is 20cm, and the burying amount is 20g/m2；
(3) Soil turning and fertilizing: turning soil in the selected planting area to a depth of 25cm, applying a special tea tree fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the turned soil and the special tea tree fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the special tea tree fertilizer is 30g/m2；
The special fertilizer for the tea trees is prepared from 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol;
the microbial powder is spherical bacillus powder: the trichoderma powder is mixed with the fungus powder in a mass ratio of 3: 1;
the preparation method of the special tea tree fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol, sieving the mixture through a 10-mesh sieve, and stacking the mixture outdoors for 7 days to obtain the special tea tree fertilizer;
(4) planting: 5 days after the soil turning and the fertilization, planting tea trees in the selected planting area according to the row spacing of 80cm multiplied by 100cm, wherein the planting depth is 35 cm;
(5) culturing: applying a special fertilizer for tea trees every 45 days before picking, wherein the fertilizing amount is 12g/m2Spraying nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tea leaves every 12 days, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 15 mL;
the special fertilizer for the tea trees is the same as the fertilizer used in the step (3);
the nutrient solution consists of 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium iron oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin, 0.7 part by weight of galactose and 1600 parts by weight of water;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin and 0.7 part by weight of galactose into a container, adding 1600 parts by weight of water, oscillating at 100rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature, and standing for 60 minutes to obtain the nutrient solution.
Example 6
A planting method of tea with high theaflavin content comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting land: selecting a sunny slope acid soil hilly land, wherein the slope is 27 degrees, and the altitude is 166 m;
(2) and (3) burying organic matters: burying peach leaves in planting field 2 months before planting, wherein the burying depth is 20cm, and the burying amount is 20g/m2；
(3) Soil turning and fertilizing: turning soil in the selected planting area to a depth of 25cm, applying a special tea tree fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the turned soil and the special tea tree fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the special tea tree fertilizer is 30g/m2；
The special fertilizer for the tea trees is prepared from 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol;
the microbial powder is spherical bacillus powder: bacillus pumilus powder: the trichoderma powder is mixed with the fungus powder in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5: 1;
the preparation method of the special tea tree fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol, sieving the mixture through a 10-mesh sieve, and stacking the mixture outdoors for 7 days to obtain the special tea tree fertilizer;
(4) planting: 5 days after the soil turning and the fertilization, planting tea trees in the selected planting area according to the row spacing of 80cm multiplied by 100cm, wherein the planting depth is 35 cm;
(5) culturing: applying a special fertilizer for tea trees every 45 days before picking, wherein the fertilizing amount is 12g/m2Spraying nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tea leaves every 12 days, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 15 mL;
the special fertilizer for the tea trees is the same as the fertilizer used in the step (3);
the nutrient solution consists of 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium iron oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin, 0.7 part by weight of galactose and 1600 parts by weight of water;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin and 0.7 part by weight of galactose into a container, adding 1600 parts by weight of water, oscillating at 100rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature, and standing for 60 minutes to obtain the nutrient solution.
Example 7
A planting method of tea with high theaflavin content comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting land: selecting a sunny slope acid soil hilly land, wherein the slope is 27 degrees, and the altitude is 166 m;
(2) and (3) burying organic matters: burying peach leaves in the planting field 2 months before planting, wherein the burying depth is 20cm,the filling amount is 20g/m2；
(3) Soil turning and fertilizing: turning soil in the selected planting area to a depth of 25cm, applying a special tea tree fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the turned soil and the special tea tree fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the special tea tree fertilizer is 30g/m2；
The special fertilizer for the tea trees is prepared from 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol;
the microbial powder is spherical bacillus powder: b, bacillus subtilis powder: the trichoderma powder is mixed with the fungus powder in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5: 1;
the preparation method of the special tea tree fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol, sieving the mixture through a 10-mesh sieve, and stacking the mixture outdoors for 7 days to obtain the special tea tree fertilizer;
(4) planting: 5 days after the soil turning and the fertilization, planting tea trees in the selected planting area according to the row spacing of 80cm multiplied by 100cm, wherein the planting depth is 35 cm;
(5) culturing: applying a special fertilizer for tea trees every 45 days before picking, wherein the fertilizing amount is 12g/m2Spraying nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tea leaves every 12 days, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 15 mL;
the special fertilizer for the tea trees is the same as the fertilizer used in the step (3);
the nutrient solution consists of 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium iron oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin, 0.7 part by weight of galactose and 1600 parts by weight of water;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin and 0.7 part by weight of galactose into a container, adding 1600 parts by weight of water, oscillating at 100rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature, and standing for 60 minutes to obtain the nutrient solution.
Example 8
A planting method of tea with high theaflavin content comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting land: selecting a sunny slope acid soil hilly land, wherein the slope is 27 degrees, and the altitude is 166 m;
(2) and (3) burying organic matters: burying peach leaves in planting field 2 months before planting, wherein the burying depth is 20cm, and the burying amount is 20g/m2；
(3) Soil turning and fertilizing: turning soil in the selected planting area to a depth of 25cm, applying a special tea tree fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the turned soil and the special tea tree fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the special tea tree fertilizer is 30g/m2；
The special fertilizer for the tea trees is prepared from 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol;
the microbial powder is bacillus pumilus powder: b, bacillus subtilis powder: the trichoderma powder is mixed with the fungus powder in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5: 1;
the preparation method of the special tea tree fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol, sieving the mixture through a 10-mesh sieve, and stacking the mixture outdoors for 7 days to obtain the special tea tree fertilizer;
(4) planting: 5 days after the soil turning and the fertilization, planting tea trees in the selected planting area according to the row spacing of 80cm multiplied by 100cm, wherein the planting depth is 35 cm;
(5) culturing: applying a special fertilizer for tea trees every 45 days before picking, wherein the fertilizing amount is 12g/m2Spraying nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tea leaves every 12 days, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 15 mL;
the special fertilizer for the tea trees is the same as the fertilizer used in the step (3);
the nutrient solution consists of 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium iron oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin, 0.7 part by weight of galactose and 1600 parts by weight of water;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin and 0.7 part by weight of galactose into a container, adding 1600 parts by weight of water, oscillating at 100rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature, and standing for 60 minutes to obtain the nutrient solution.
Comparative example
A planting method of tea with high theaflavin content comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting land: selecting a sunny slope acid soil hilly land, wherein the slope is 27 degrees, and the altitude is 166 m;
(2) soil turning and fertilizing: turning soil in the selected planting area to a depth of 25cm, applying a special tea tree fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the turned soil and the special tea tree fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the special tea tree fertilizer is 30g/m2；
The special fertilizer for the tea trees comprises 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol;
the microbial powder is bacillus subtilis powder: the trichoderma powder is mixed with the fungus powder in a mass ratio of 3: 1;
the preparation method of the special tea tree fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol, sieving the mixture through a 10-mesh sieve, and stacking the mixture outdoors for 7 days to obtain the special tea tree fertilizer;
(3) planting: 5 days after the soil turning and the fertilization, planting tea trees in the selected planting area according to the row spacing of 80cm multiplied by 100cm, wherein the planting depth is 35 cm;
(4) culturing: applying a special fertilizer for tea trees every 45 days before picking, wherein the fertilizing amount is 12g/m2Spraying nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tea leaves every 12 days, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 15 mL;
the special fertilizer for the tea trees is the same as the fertilizer used in the step (3);
the nutrient solution consists of 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium iron oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin, 0.7 part by weight of galactose and 1600 parts by weight of water;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin and 0.7 part by weight of galactose into a container, adding 1600 parts by weight of water, oscillating at 100rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature, and standing for 60 minutes to obtain the nutrient solution.
Test example 1
Determination of theaflavin content
One shoot of each of the tea leaves planted in the planting methods of examples 1 to 8 and the comparative example was collected by 1.5g, and the theaflavin content was measured within 24 hours after collection.
The determination method is referred to the text "determination and distribution discussion of theaflavins content in different teas" (agricultural product processing, 2015(4): 49-53.).
The theaflavin contents of each example and test example are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 theaflavin content (mg/kg)
"-" indicates no detection.
As can be seen from the table, the planting method of the tea with high theaflavin content provided by the invention can effectively improve the theaflavin content of the tea. The previous landfill of leaves of plants of the Rosaceae family significantly increased the theaflavin content (example 1). The microbial powder in the special fertilizer for the tea trees has very obvious influence on the theaflavin content, and when the bacillus pumilus is used in the special fertilizer for the tea trees: b, bacillus subtilis: when the mixed fungus powder of trichoderma is composed in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5:1 (example 8), the theaflavin content reaches the optimum level.
Test example 2
Phthalate content determination
Phthalate is a commonly used plasticizer, and studies at present show that the substances have endocrine disrupting activity similar to estrogen and are harmful to human health, but are widely available in natural environment due to long-term use of human beings.
15g of each of the tea leaves planted in the planting methods of examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example was collected, and the phthalate ester content was measured within 24 hours after collection.
The best method in the article of determination of phthalic acid ester in tea by gas chromatography (analytical laboratory, 2015,34(2):194 and 198) is selected.
The phthalate contents of examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 phthalate content (mg/kg)
As can be seen from the above table, the planting method of tea with high theaflavin content provided by the present invention can reduce the content of phthalate to a certain extent, and especially when the ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (example 2) is used as the aminocarboxylic chelating agent in the nutrient solution instead of the ethylenediamine diacetic acid (example 1), the content of phthalate is significantly reduced, the organic landfill also has a certain effect on the content of phthalate, and the effect of peach leaf (example 3) is better than that of apricot leaf (example 2).
Claims (6)
1. A planting method of tea with high theaflavin content is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a planting land: selecting a hilly land with sunny slope acid soil, wherein the slope is 20-30 degrees, and the elevation is 1000 m;
(2) and (3) burying organic matters: burying natural organic matter in the planting field within 1-2 months before planting;
(3) soil turning and fertilizing: turning soil in the selected planting area, wherein the turning depth is 10-30cm, applying a special tea tree fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the turned soil and the special tea tree fertilizer;
(4) planting: planting tea trees within 1-7 days after soil turning and fertilization;
(5) culturing: applying a special tea tree fertilizer every 30-45 days before picking, and spraying a nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tea leaves every 10-20 days;
the natural organic matter is leaves of rosaceous plants;
the Rosaceae plant is fructus Persicae;
the special fertilizer for the tea trees comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of peanut shell powder, 0.1-1.2 parts of microbial powder, 0.1-1 part of borax, 4-8 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-4 parts of calcium superphosphate, 4-8 parts of ammonium nitrate and 0.5-1 part of 4-hexylresorcinol;
the microbial powder is bacillus pumilus powder: b, bacillus subtilis powder: the mixed bacterium powder consists of the trichoderma bacterium powder in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5: 1.
2. The planting method of tea with high theaflavin content as claimed in claim 1, wherein said nutrient solution is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 1.00-1.50 parts of aminocarboxylic chelating agent, 0.05-0.20 part of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06-0.10 part of water-soluble phosphate, 1.00-1.50 parts of hydrophilic surfactant, 0.5-1.0 part of hexose and 1600-1800 parts of water;
the hydrophilic surfactant is any one of potassium oleate, sodium oleate, polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol ether and tea saponin.
3. The planting method of high theaflavin content tea leaves as claimed in claim 2 wherein the aminocarboxylate chelant is any one of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, diethyltriamine pentaacetic acid and ethylenediamine disuccinic acid.
4. The planting method of high theaflavin content tea leaves according to claim 2 wherein said water soluble phosphate is any one of sodium phytate, potassium phytate, sodium hexametaphosphate, potassium phosphate and sodium phosphate.
5. The method for planting high theaflavin content tea leaves as claimed in claim 2 wherein said six carbon monosaccharide sugar is any one of glucose, mannose, fructose and galactose.
6. The method for growing high theaflavin content tea according to claim 1 including the steps of:
(1) selecting a planting land: selecting a sunny slope acid soil hilly land, wherein the slope is 27 degrees, and the altitude is 166 m;
(2) and (3) burying organic matters: burying peach leaves in planting field 2 months before planting, wherein the burying depth is 20cm, and the burying amount is 20g/m2；
(3) Soil turning and fertilizing: turning soil in the selected planting area to a depth of 25cm, applying a special tea tree fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the turned soil and the special tea tree fertilizer, wherein the using amount of the special tea tree fertilizer is 30g/m2；
The special fertilizer for the tea trees is prepared from 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol;
the microbial powder is bacillus pumilus powder: b, bacillus subtilis powder: the trichoderma powder is mixed with the fungus powder in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.5: 1;
the preparation method of the special tea tree fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing 50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 30 parts by weight of peanut shell powder, 0.5 part by weight of microbial powder, 0.2 part by weight of borax, 4 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 0.5 part by weight of 4-hexylresorcinol, sieving the mixture through a 10-mesh sieve, and stacking the mixture outdoors for 7 days to obtain the special tea tree fertilizer;
(4) planting: 5 days after the soil turning and the fertilization, planting tea trees in the selected planting area according to the row spacing of 80cm multiplied by 100cm, wherein the planting depth is 35 cm;
(5) culturing: applying a special fertilizer for tea trees every 45 days before picking, wherein the fertilizing amount is 12g/m2Spraying nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the tea leaves every 12 days, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 15 mL;
the special fertilizer for the tea trees is the same as the fertilizer used in the step (3);
the nutrient solution consists of 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium iron oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin, 0.7 part by weight of galactose and 1600 parts by weight of water;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 1.20 parts by weight of ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, 0.05 part by weight of ammonium ferric oxalate, 0.06 part by weight of potassium phytate, 1.30 parts by weight of tea saponin and 0.7 part by weight of galactose into a container, adding 1600 parts by weight of water, oscillating at 100rpm for 20 minutes at room temperature, and standing for 60 minutes to obtain the nutrient solution.
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