CN110144475B - Preparation method of thin plate for pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate - Google Patents
Preparation method of thin plate for pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110144475B CN110144475B CN201910463542.5A CN201910463542A CN110144475B CN 110144475 B CN110144475 B CN 110144475B CN 201910463542 A CN201910463542 A CN 201910463542A CN 110144475 B CN110144475 B CN 110144475B
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a thin plate for a pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate, which comprises the following steps: mixing electrolytic nickel and an additive according to corresponding parts by weight; wherein, the additive comprises: graphite, pure titanium and nickel-magnesium alloys; setting the vacuum degree and the melting value of a vacuum reaction furnace, melting electrolytic nickel, graphite and pure titanium by using a vacuum induction furnace, refining, adding a nickel-magnesium alloy in an argon atmosphere, completely melting the materials in the vacuum induction furnace, and then pouring to obtain a first pure nickel ingot; cutting off a riser of the first pure nickel cast ingot, and planing, milling and grinding the surface of the first pure nickel cast ingot to obtain a second pure nickel cast ingot; respectively carrying out hot rolling and cold rolling on the second pure nickel cast ingot to obtain a semi-finished product sheet for the pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate; and carrying out vacuum annealing treatment on the semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet to obtain a second pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet. By the method, the thin plate has small anisotropy, high toughness and good stamping performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a thin plate for a pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate.
Background
The pure nickel sheet is especially suitable for strong alkali or other alkaline corrosive liquid and is incomparable with other materials.
In the prior art, a pure nickel sheet is produced by adopting a traditional process, although high-temperature annealing can be adopted, the strength is reduced, and the plasticity is improved; but the sheet has large anisotropy, low cupping value, large crystal grains and low toughness, and the sheet needs to be cold stamped into herringbone and mountain-shaped patterns according to requirements, so that the sheet produced by the prior art is easy to crack during stamping and cannot meet the use requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a sheet for a pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a thin plate for a pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing electrolytic nickel and an additive according to the following specification; wherein the additive comprises: graphite, pure titanium and nickel-magnesium alloys; the weight part of the electrolytic nickel is 100, and the weight part of the graphite is 0.01-0.10; the weight part of the pure titanium is 0.01-0.10; the weight part of the nickel-magnesium alloy is 0.01-0.10;
step 2: respectively dividing the electrolytic nickel and the pure titanium into a first part and a second part, loading the first part of the electrolytic nickel and the first part of the pure titanium into a crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, then loading the graphite, and finally loading the second part of the electrolytic nickel and the second part of the pure titanium; the nickel-magnesium alloy is loaded into an alloy bin in the vacuum induction furnace;
and step 3: setting the vacuum degree and smelting power of the vacuum reaction furnace, melting and refining a first part of the electrolytic nickel, a first part of the pure titanium, the graphite, a second part of the electrolytic nickel and a second part of the pure titanium by using the vacuum induction furnace, then adding the nickel-magnesium alloy in an argon atmosphere, and pouring after all materials in the vacuum induction furnace are melted to obtain a first pure nickel ingot;
and 4, step 4: cutting off a riser of the first pure nickel cast ingot, and planing, milling and grinding the surface of the first pure nickel cast ingot to obtain a second pure nickel cast ingot;
and 5: rolling the second pure nickel cast ingot to obtain a semi-finished product sheet for the pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate with the specification of 0.5-1 xBxL;
step 6: and carrying out vacuum annealing treatment on the semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet to obtain the pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet.
In one embodiment of the present invention, step 5 comprises:
step 5.1: rolling the second pure nickel cast ingot at 850-900 ℃ with one fire to obtain a first semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 15-20 mm multiplied by Bmultiplied by L;
step 5.2: rolling the first semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with two heats at 650-700 ℃ and pickling to obtain a second semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 5-6 mm multiplied by B multiplied by L;
step 5.3: performing three-fire rolling and annealing on the second semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet at the temperature of no higher than 350 ℃ to obtain a third semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 1.5-1.8 mm multiplied by B multiplied by L;
step 5.4: and rolling the third semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with four heats to obtain the semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 0.5-1 mm B L.
In one embodiment of the invention, the smelting power is 1/2-1/3 of the maximum power value set by the vacuum induction furnace.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the pure nickel ingot smelted by the method adopts the nickel-magnesium intermediate alloy, titanium and graphite as additives for deoxidation, desulfurization and grain refinement, and the magnesium content of the prepared pure nickel ingot is controlled by adjusting the technological parameters and the operation method of vacuum induction smelting, so that the ingot produced by the pure nickel ingot has less impurities, low contents of 0 and N, H, S and fine grains;
2. the plate grain size of the sheet produced by the preparation method is 9-10 grades, the anisotropy is small, the toughness is excellent, the stamping performance is good, and the material requirements of the plate heat exchanger can be met;
3. the preparation method has simple production flow and easy mastering of the preparation process, and the used smelting and rolling equipment is conventional equipment, so that large-scale production can be realized.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a detection report of a sheet for a pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate obtained by a method for preparing a sheet for a pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a sheet for a pure nickel type heat exchanger plate, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing electrolytic nickel and an additive according to the following specification; wherein, the additive comprises: graphite, pure titanium and nickel-magnesium alloys; the weight portion of the electrolytic nickel is 100, and the weight portion of the graphite is 0.015; the weight portion of the pure titanium is 0.020; the weight portion of the nickel-magnesium alloy is 0.050.
Before batching, the electrolytic nickel, graphite, pure titanium and nickel-magnesium alloy are pretreated, and the pretreatment comprises the following steps:
and (3) cleaning impurities such as oil stains, dust and the like on the surface of the electrolytic nickel, and then shearing for later use, wherein the length L after shearing is less than or equal to 300mm, and the width B is less than or equal to 50 mm.
The graphite is required to be crushed into spherical powder with the diameter phi less than or equal to 1.0mm, and other impurities on the surface of the graphite are removed and then are wrapped by copy paper for use; the thickness H of the pure titanium is required to be less than or equal to 3mm, the width B of the pure titanium is required to be less than or equal to 10mm, the length L of the pure titanium is required to be less than or equal to 50mm, and oil stains and oxide skin on the surface of the pure titanium are removed; the nickel-magnesium alloy is also crushed according to the requirement, if the nickel-magnesium alloy is crushed into a cube, the thickness H is required to be less than or equal to 10mm, the width B is required to be less than or equal to 10mm, the length L is required to be less than or equal to 10mm, if the nickel-magnesium alloy is crushed into a sphere, the diameter phi is required to be less than or equal to 10mm, metal impurities on the surface of the nickel-magnesium alloy are removed and then are wrapped by copy paper for use, the copy paper is light in weight and can burn when being heated in a vacuum induction furnace, and the combustion products of the copy paper. The graphite and the nickel-magnesium alloy have smaller particles and lighter weight, so the graphite and the nickel-magnesium alloy are easy to be drawn out of the vacuum induction furnace during subsequent vacuum pumping of the vacuum induction furnace, and the small particles of the graphite and the nickel-magnesium alloy are difficult to charge, so the graphite and the nickel-magnesium alloy are wrapped by copy paper, so the graphite and the nickel-magnesium alloy are difficult to be drawn out and easy to charge.
In the present embodiment, H represents a thickness, B represents a width, L represents a length, and Φ represents a diameter.
The electrolytic nickel and the additive are treated, so that the subsequent vacuum induction melting operation is facilitated.
The proportion of electrolytic nickel and additive is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 electrolytic Nickel and additive ratios
The material mixing mode is beneficial to obtaining the pure nickel cast ingot with low impurity content and fine crystal grains.
Step 2: respectively dividing electrolytic nickel and pure titanium into a first part and a second part, loading the first part of electrolytic nickel and the first part of pure titanium into a crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, then loading the graphite, and finally loading the second part of electrolytic nickel and the second part of pure titanium; the nickel-magnesium alloy is loaded into an alloy bin in a vacuum induction furnace.
Graphite is a good deoxidizer, and because the solution is boiled when the graphite is deoxidized, nitrogen and hydrogen can be effectively removed at the same time, the graphite is filled in the middle of electrolytic nickel, the deoxidizing effect is the best, so that the crucible is prevented from being damaged by direct contact of the graphite and the crucible, and the deoxidizing effect is reduced because the graphite is vacuumized and pumped away when the graphite is at the top;
the titanium has good desulfurization effect and can refine crystal grains, and the titanium and the electrolytic nickel are added simultaneously, so that the good desulfurization effect can be ensured when the electrolytic nickel is melted.
Wherein the content of the first part of electrolytic nickel is 10-20% of the content of all electrolytic nickel, and the second part of electrolytic nickel is the rest of all electrolytic nickel; the proportion of the first part of pure titanium to the second part of pure titanium is the same as the proportion of the first part of electrolytic nickel to the second part of electrolytic nickel.
And step 3: setting the vacuum degree and the smelting power of a vacuum reaction furnace, melting and refining the first part of electrolytic nickel, the first part of pure titanium, graphite, the second part of electrolytic nickel and the second part of pure titanium by using a vacuum induction furnace, then adding a nickel-magnesium alloy in an argon atmosphere, and pouring after completely melting the materials in the vacuum induction furnace to obtain a first pure nickel ingot.
When the vacuum degree in the vacuum induction furnace is pumped to be less than or equal to 10Pa, in the embodiment, the vacuum degree is pumped to be 5Pa, the vacuum induction furnace is started to be heated and smelted, and the power is slowly increased to the required smelting power according to different furnace types and different heating systems; in the embodiment, the smelting power is set to be 1/2-1/3 of the maximum power value of the vacuum induction furnace; when all materials in the crucible are completely melted until the liquid level is clear, the temperature is maintained for refining, the refining time is 10-15 min, the vacuum degree in a vacuum induction furnace after refining is less than or equal to 5Pa, then the power supply of the vacuum reaction furnace is turned off, an argon bottle is connected through an argon filling interface of the vacuum induction furnace, argon is filled into the vacuum induction furnace, the argon content is 99.999%, when a pressure gauge in the vacuum induction furnace displays 0.01-0.015 Pa, the argon filling is stopped, then nickel-magnesium alloy is added into refined metal solution, heating is carried out, after all the materials in the crucible are completely melted until the liquid level is clear, a mould with a corresponding specification is adopted for immediate pouring, cooling is carried out for 20-40 min, and then discharging is carried out, so that a first pure nickel ingot is obtained.
The nickel-magnesium alloy is a deoxidizer, and magnesium can improve refined grains and improve the high-temperature plasticity, high-temperature endurance strength and high-temperature creep strength of the obtained pure nickel cast ingot, so that the tensile strength and elongation of the pure nickel cast ingot are improved, the yield of the prepared pure nickel plate type heat exchanger sheet is further improved, and the tearing phenomenon is reduced.
Argon is an inert gas and is often used as a protective gas, magnesium is volatile in vacuum under a high-temperature condition, sputtering is easy to cause, the recovery rate is low, trace magnesium is added into pure nickel by using a nickel-magnesium alloy under the condition of filling argon, magnesium is not easy to volatilize and splash under the protection of argon, and then the loss of magnesium is reduced.
The argon content of 0.01-0.015 Pa can ensure that oxygen is isolated to the maximum extent, easily volatile magnesium can be protected, and the phenomenon that the furnace cover is jacked up to destroy vacuum due to overlarge pressure in the furnace can be avoided.
And 4, step 4: and cutting off a riser of the first pure nickel cast ingot, and planing, milling and grinding the surface of the first pure nickel cast ingot to obtain a second pure nickel cast ingot.
And cutting off a riser of the first pure nickel cast ingot after the first pure nickel cast ingot is cooled, observing whether the first pure nickel cast ingot is fully fed or not, continuing sawing if shrinkage holes exist until no shrinkage holes exist, and then performing planing, milling and grinding on the surface of the first pure nickel cast ingot by using a planer to obtain a second pure nickel cast ingot.
And 5: and respectively carrying out hot rolling and cold rolling on the second pure nickel cast ingot to obtain a semi-finished product sheet for the pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate with the specification of 0.5-1 xBxL.
In order to further eliminate the anisotropy of the second pure nickel cast ingot, reverse rolling is needed, and the heat times and the pass deformation are required to be large so as to further refine the crystal grains of the second pure nickel cast ingot; the method comprises the following steps of rolling, namely, four-fire rolling, hot rolling and cold rolling, and comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: and (3) rolling the second pure nickel cast ingot at 880 ℃, peeling by using a grinding wheel machine, and blanking by using a shearing machine or a water jet cutter after peeling to obtain the first semi-finished product thin plate for the pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 17mm multiplied by B multiplied by L.
Step 5.2: rolling the first semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with two heats at 670 ℃, pickling, locally finishing, and then blanking to obtain a second semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 5.5mm × B × L; wherein, the acid cleaning solution is nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
Step 5.3: and rolling the second semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with three heats at the temperature below 300 ℃, annealing, blanking and sanding the surface to obtain a third semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 1.7mm multiplied by B multiplied by L, wherein the annealing temperature is 650-720 ℃, and the annealing heat preservation time is 1.3-1.5 min/mm.
Step 5.4: and rolling the third semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with four heats to obtain the semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 0.8mm multiplied by B multiplied by L.
And 5.1-5.4, the requirements of rolling temperature, heat arrangement, annealing and surface treatment are met, so that the semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet with good surface quality, small anisotropy, high toughness and good stamping performance is obtained.
Step 6: carrying out vacuum annealing treatment on the semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet to obtain a pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet, namely producing the required pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet; wherein the annealing temperature is 680-720 ℃, the annealing time is 3-5 h, and the actual condition is determined by the charging amount.
And carrying out physical test and chemical test on the finally obtained thin plate for the pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate, wherein the component detection meets the requirements.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention specifically adopts a 25kg vacuum induction furnace and a mold with the specification of 70mm multiplied by B multiplied by L to produce the sheet for the plate sheet of the pure nickel plate type heat exchanger with the specification of 0.6mm multiplied by B multiplied by L, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing electrolytic nickel and an additive according to the following specification; wherein the additive comprises: graphite, pure titanium and nickel-magnesium alloys; the weight part of the electrolytic nickel is 100, and the weight part of the graphite is 0.020; the weight portion of the pure titanium is 0.030; the weight portion of the nickel-magnesium alloy is 0.010.
Before batching, the electrolytic nickel, graphite, pure titanium and nickel-magnesium alloy are pretreated, and the pretreatment comprises the following steps:
and (3) cleaning impurities such as oil stains, dust and the like on the surface of the electrolytic nickel, and then shearing for later use, wherein the length L after shearing is less than or equal to 300mm, and the width B is less than or equal to 50 mm.
The graphite is required to be crushed into spherical powder with the diameter phi less than or equal to 1.0mm, and other impurities on the surface of the graphite are removed and then are wrapped by copy paper for use; the thickness H of the pure titanium is required to be less than or equal to 3mm, the width B of the pure titanium is required to be less than or equal to 10mm, the length L of the pure titanium is required to be less than or equal to 50mm, and oil stains and oxide skin on the surface of the pure titanium are removed; the nickel-magnesium alloy is also crushed according to the requirement, if the nickel-magnesium alloy is crushed into a cube, the thickness H is required to be less than or equal to 10mm, the width B is required to be less than or equal to 10mm, the length L is required to be less than or equal to 10mm, if the nickel-magnesium alloy is crushed into a sphere, the diameter phi is required to be less than or equal to 10mm, metal impurities on the surface of the nickel-magnesium alloy are removed and then are wrapped by copy paper for use, the copy paper is light in weight and can burn when being heated in a vacuum induction furnace, and the combustion products of the copy paper. The graphite and the nickel-magnesium alloy have smaller particles and lighter weight, so the graphite and the nickel-magnesium alloy are easy to be drawn out of the vacuum induction furnace during subsequent vacuum pumping of the vacuum induction furnace, and the small particles of the graphite and the nickel-magnesium alloy are difficult to charge, so the graphite and the nickel-magnesium alloy are wrapped by copy paper, so the graphite and the nickel-magnesium alloy are difficult to be drawn out and easy to charge.
In the present embodiment, H represents a thickness, B represents a width, L represents a length, and Φ represents a diameter.
The electrolytic nickel and the additive are treated, so that the subsequent vacuum induction melting operation is facilitated.
The specific mixture ratio of electrolytic nickel and additive in the embodiment of the invention is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 electrolytic nickel and additive ratio
The material mixing mode is beneficial to obtaining the pure nickel cast ingot with low impurity content and fine crystal grains.
Step 2: respectively dividing electrolytic nickel and pure titanium into a first part and a second part, loading the first part of electrolytic nickel and the first part of pure titanium into a crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, then loading the graphite, and finally loading the second part of electrolytic nickel and the second part of pure titanium; the nickel-magnesium alloy is loaded into an alloy bin in a vacuum induction furnace.
Graphite is a good deoxidizer, and because the solution is boiled when the graphite is deoxidized, nitrogen and hydrogen can be effectively removed at the same time, the graphite is filled in the middle of electrolytic nickel, the deoxidizing effect is the best, so that the crucible is prevented from being damaged by direct contact of the graphite and the crucible, and the deoxidizing effect is reduced because the graphite is vacuumized and pumped away when the graphite is at the top;
the titanium has good desulfurization effect and can refine crystal grains, and the titanium and the electrolytic nickel are added simultaneously, so that the good desulfurization effect can be ensured when the electrolytic nickel is melted.
Wherein the content of the first part of electrolytic nickel is 10-20% of the content of all electrolytic nickel, and the second part of electrolytic nickel is the rest of all electrolytic nickel; the proportion of the first part of pure titanium to the second part of pure titanium is the same as the proportion of the first part of electrolytic nickel to the second part of electrolytic nickel.
And step 3: setting the vacuum degree and the smelting power of a vacuum reaction furnace, melting and refining the first part of electrolytic nickel, the first part of pure titanium, graphite, the second part of electrolytic nickel and the second part of pure titanium by using a vacuum induction furnace, then adding a nickel-magnesium alloy in an argon atmosphere, and pouring after completely melting the materials in the vacuum induction furnace to obtain a first pure nickel ingot.
When the vacuum degree in the vacuum induction furnace is pumped to 10Pa, starting heating and smelting the vacuum induction furnace, heating according to a heating system of 5kw/5min when the power is less than 25kw until the power reaches 25kw, and increasing the power to 35-40 kw according to a heating system of 5kw/10min when the power is more than 25 kw; when all materials in the crucible are completely melted until the liquid level is clear, the temperature is maintained for refining, the refining time is 13min, the vacuum degree in a vacuum induction furnace after refining is 5Pa, then the power supply of the vacuum reaction furnace is turned off, an argon bottle is connected through an argon filling interface of the vacuum induction furnace, argon is filled into the vacuum induction furnace, wherein the content of argon is 99.999%, when a pressure gauge in the vacuum induction furnace displays 0.01-0.015 Pa, the argon filling is stopped, then nickel-magnesium alloy is added into refined metal solution, heating is carried out, after all the materials in the crucible are completely melted until the liquid level is clear, a mold with the specification of 70mm multiplied by B multiplied by L is adopted for immediate casting, and after cooling is carried out for 20-40 min, discharging is carried out, and a first pure nickel ingot is obtained.
The nickel-magnesium alloy is a deoxidizer, and magnesium can improve refined grains and improve the high-temperature plasticity, high-temperature endurance strength and high-temperature creep strength of the obtained pure nickel cast ingot, so that the tensile strength and elongation of the pure nickel cast ingot are improved, the yield of the prepared thin plate for the pure nickel plate type heat exchanger is further improved, and the tearing phenomenon is reduced.
Argon is an inert gas and is often used as a protective gas, magnesium is volatile in vacuum under a high-temperature condition, sputtering is easy to cause, the recovery rate is low, trace magnesium is added into pure nickel by using a nickel-magnesium alloy under the condition of filling argon, magnesium is not easy to volatilize and splash under the protection of argon, and then the loss of magnesium is reduced.
The argon content of 0.01-0.015 Pa can ensure that oxygen is isolated to the maximum extent, easily volatile magnesium can be protected, and the phenomenon that the furnace cover is periodically damaged due to overlarge pressure in the furnace can be avoided.
And 4, step 4: and cutting off a riser of the first pure nickel cast ingot, and planing, milling and grinding the surface of the first pure nickel cast ingot to obtain a second pure nickel cast ingot.
And cutting off a riser of the first pure nickel cast ingot after the first pure nickel cast ingot is cooled, observing whether the first pure nickel cast ingot is fully fed or not, continuing sawing if shrinkage holes exist until no shrinkage holes exist, and then performing planing, milling and grinding on the surface of the first pure nickel cast ingot by using a planer to obtain a second pure nickel cast ingot.
TABLE 3 chemical composition testing of the second pure nickel ingot
Seven batches of second pure nickel ingots, namely pure nickel ingots required for actual production, were obtained according to the melting method, and the chemical compositions were detected as shown in table 3.
And 5: and respectively carrying out hot rolling and cold rolling on the second pure nickel cast ingot to obtain a semi-finished product sheet for the pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate with the specification of 0.6 xBxL.
In order to further eliminate the anisotropy of the second pure nickel cast ingot, reverse rolling is needed, and the heat times and the pass deformation are required to be large so as to further refine the crystal grains of the second pure nickel cast ingot; the method comprises the following steps of rolling, namely, four-fire rolling, hot rolling and cold rolling, and comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: and (3) rolling the second pure nickel cast ingot at 870 ℃ by one fire, peeling by using a grinding wheel machine, and blanking by using a shearing machine or a water jet cutter after peeling to obtain the first semi-finished product thin plate for the pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 18mm multiplied by B multiplied by L.
Step 5.2: rolling the first semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with two heats at 680 ℃, pickling, locally finishing, and then blanking to obtain a second semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 6mm × B × L; wherein, the acid cleaning solution is nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
Step 5.3: and (3) rolling the second semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with three heats at the temperature of 350 ℃, annealing, blanking and sanding the surface to obtain a third semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 1.6mm multiplied by B multiplied by L, wherein the annealing temperature is 680 ℃, and the annealing heat preservation time is 1.4 min/mm.
Step 5.4: and rolling the third semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with four heats to obtain the semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 0.6mm multiplied by B multiplied by L.
And 5.1-5.4, the requirements of rolling temperature, heat arrangement, annealing and surface treatment are met, so that the semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet with good surface quality, small anisotropy, high toughness and good stamping performance is obtained.
Step 6: and carrying out vacuum annealing treatment on the semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet to obtain the pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet, namely the pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet required by production, wherein the annealing temperature is 680-720 ℃, the annealing time is 4h, and the actual condition is determined by the charging amount.
The mechanical properties of the obtained 7 batches of sheets for the pure nickel type heat exchanger plate are detected, as shown in table 4, the sheets are obtained by adopting atmospheric annealing after four times of fire rolling, and the mechanical properties are detected, so that the mechanical properties of the obtained sheets meet the requirements no matter the atmospheric annealing or the vacuum annealing is adopted, but the surface of the sheets obtained by adopting the atmospheric annealing has more oxide scales, the subsequent treatment process is more complicated, the surface of the sheets obtained by adopting the vacuum annealing is better treated, and the subsequent process is simpler.
TABLE 4 mechanical Properties of sheet for pure Nickel Heat exchanger plates
The non-metallic inclusion of the sheet for the pure nickel heat exchanger plate with the thickness of 0.6mm is detected by the physicochemical inspection center of western metal materials corporation, and the detection result shown in figure 1 shows that the primary carbide meets the first class a of B.1.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
By the method, the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. the pure nickel ingot smelted by the method adopts the nickel-magnesium intermediate alloy, titanium and graphite as additives for deoxidation, desulfurization and grain refinement, and the magnesium content of the prepared pure nickel ingot is controlled by adjusting the technological parameters and the operation method of vacuum induction smelting, so that the ingot produced by the pure nickel ingot has less impurities, low contents of 0 and N, H, S and fine grains;
2. the plate grain size of the thin plate produced by the preparation method is 9-10 grades, the anisotropy is small, the toughness is excellent, the stamping performance is good, the strength of the produced pure nickel thin plate is improved by about 50-80 MPa compared with that of the thin plate produced by the traditional process, and the material requirement of the plate sheet of the plate heat exchanger can be met;
3. the preparation method has simple production flow and easy mastering of the preparation process, and the used smelting and rolling equipment is conventional equipment, so that large-scale production can be realized.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a thin plate for a pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: mixing electrolytic nickel and an additive in parts by weight; wherein the additive comprises: graphite, pure titanium and nickel-magnesium alloys; the weight part of the electrolytic nickel is 100, and the weight part of the graphite is 0.01-0.10; the weight part of the pure titanium is 0.01-0.10; the weight part of the nickel-magnesium alloy is 0.01-0.10;
step 2: respectively dividing the electrolytic nickel and the pure titanium into a first part and a second part, loading the first part of the electrolytic nickel and the first part of the pure titanium into a crucible in a vacuum induction furnace, then loading the graphite, and finally loading the second part of the electrolytic nickel and the second part of the pure titanium; the nickel-magnesium alloy is loaded into an alloy bin in the vacuum induction furnace;
and step 3: setting the vacuum degree and smelting power of the vacuum reaction furnace, melting and refining a first part of the electrolytic nickel, a first part of the pure titanium, the graphite, a second part of the electrolytic nickel and a second part of the pure titanium by using the vacuum induction furnace, then adding the nickel-magnesium alloy in an argon atmosphere, and pouring after all materials in the vacuum induction furnace are melted to obtain a first pure nickel ingot;
and 4, step 4: cutting off a riser of the first pure nickel cast ingot, and planing, milling and grinding the surface of the first pure nickel cast ingot to obtain a second pure nickel cast ingot;
and 5: rolling the second pure nickel cast ingot to obtain a semi-finished product sheet for the pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate with the specification of 0.5-1 mm multiplied by B multiplied by L; wherein B represents a width; l represents a length;
the step 5 comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: rolling the second pure nickel cast ingot at 850-900 ℃ with one fire to obtain a first semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 15-20 mm multiplied by Bmultiplied by L;
step 5.2: rolling the first semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with two heats at 650-700 ℃ and pickling to obtain a second semi-finished pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 5-6 mm multiplied by B multiplied by L;
step 5.3: performing three-fire rolling and annealing on the second semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet at the temperature of no higher than 350 ℃ to obtain a third semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 1.5-1.8 mm multiplied by B multiplied by L;
step 5.4: performing four-fire rolling on the third semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet to obtain a semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet with the specification of 0.5-1 mm multiplied by B multiplied by L;
step 6: and carrying out vacuum annealing treatment on the semi-finished pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet to obtain the pure nickel plate type heat exchanger plate sheet.
2. The method for preparing the thin plate for the pure nickel plate heat exchanger plate according to claim 1, wherein the smelting power is 1/2-1/3 of the maximum power set by the vacuum induction furnace.
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