CN110128759A - 一种柔性亲水的聚苯乙烯发泡材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种柔性亲水的聚苯乙烯发泡材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种柔性亲水的聚苯乙烯发泡材料及其制备方法，按照重量份数组成如下：聚苯乙烯87～92；SBS热塑性弹性体5～8；吸水材料3～5；所述的吸水材料是蒙脱土、可溶性淀粉、聚乙烯醇中的一种或多种；其制备包括以下步骤：(1)在高温混合器中，将聚苯乙烯与SBS热塑性弹性体混合均匀；(2)之后加入吸水材料，混合均匀后从混合器中取出物料，冷却至室温并进行粉碎。本发明的聚苯乙烯发泡材料在挤出发泡后，其产品具有柔性和亲水性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种柔性亲水的聚苯乙烯发泡材料及其制备方法，具体地说，涉及一种通过多相体系的组份调控而获得具有柔性和亲水性聚苯乙烯发泡材料的制备方法，属于塑料泡沫料的制备与性能研究。
背景技术
泡沫塑料是由大量气体微孔分散于固体塑料中而形成的一类高分子材料，具有质轻、隔热、吸音、减震等特性，且介电性能优于基体树脂，用途很广。几乎各种塑料均可制备成泡沫塑料。泡孔的结构对泡沫塑料的性能有重大的影响，一般情况下，闭孔泡沫塑料的力学强度较高，吸水性小；而开孔泡沫塑料的孔道相互贯穿，对空气和液体是可透过的，一般较软，密度较轻，主要用于吸湿海绵、隔音、抗震等方面。采用通用级聚苯乙烯为原料，在挤出过程中高压注入发泡剂，经模头挤出后，在口模处突然泄压、发泡、冷却、定型、牵引后，可收卷成表皮闭孔内部开孔的聚苯乙烯泡沫片材，该片材经真空吸塑成型后，可制成一次性快餐盒、水产盘等系列包装产品，并广泛用于食品、水果包装等；超市里盛放生肉，生鱼等的食品托盘就是这种聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料制备的。
超市的保鲜柜，采用发泡聚苯乙烯的托盘放置生肉时，通常温度在2～4度，在放置过程中，生肉中渗出来的血水，会直接淌在托盘的底部，由于发泡聚苯乙烯是疏水材料，其与水的接触角在90°以上，属于超疏水的范畴；血水以大液滴状分散在托盘底部没有生肉接触的位置，不会自动流延分散，影响外观效果，也降低了生肉的外观品质；另外，由于聚苯乙烯的玻璃化温度高于室温，发泡聚苯乙烯的柔性不足，在弯曲变形幅度大的时候，容易发生脆性断裂。对于采用挤出发泡制备的表皮闭孔内部开孔的聚苯乙烯泡沫片材，将其制备成托盘时，在其上表面戳出一定数量的孔洞，只要其表面具有亲水性，则与其表面接触的少量血水会发生流延，并通过上表面的孔洞，进入内部的开孔泡沫内，且不会从托盘的底部渗出。如何在确保聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的作为生肉放置托盘功能的同时，使生肉中渗出来的少量的血水能够在托盘的底部均匀分散、流延并最终渗入内部开孔的聚苯乙烯泡沫托盘内，同时提高聚合苯乙烯泡沫托盘的柔韧性，成为目前的难题。
本发明提供一种新的技术方案，对于以聚苯乙烯基材的发泡塑料，通过对多相体系的组份调控，制备出具有柔性和亲水性能的聚苯乙烯发泡材料。
发明内容
本发明针对在目前聚苯乙烯泡沫托盘的应用中，由于托盘上放置的生肉渗出的血水无法在托盘底部均匀流延并渗入开孔泡沫内部、以及目前聚苯乙烯泡沫托盘柔韧性不足的问题，制备了一种柔性、亲水的聚苯乙烯发泡材料，进一步开发了泡沫塑料托盘的产品品级，产物具有显著柔性和亲水性。
本发明提供了一种柔性亲水的聚苯乙烯发泡材料及其制备方法，包括下列顺序步骤：
(1)通过熔融共混工艺，在165℃的高温混合器中，将聚苯乙烯与SBS热塑性弹性体混合均匀；
(2)将吸水材料加入步骤(1)所获得的混合物中，继续熔融混合至均匀，之后从混合器中取出物料，冷却至室温并粉碎。
其中，按照重量份数组成如下：聚苯乙烯87～92；SBS热塑性弹性体5～8；吸水材料3～5。所述的吸水材料是蒙脱土、可溶性淀粉、聚乙烯醇中的一种或多种。
在上述的技术方案中，聚苯乙烯是柔性亲水聚苯乙烯发泡材料的基体材料，也就是产物的连续相；而SBS热塑性弹性体、吸水材料等，则在熔融共混过程中，成为产物的分散相，并与基体共同构成了多相复合体系。SBS热塑性弹性体是以聚苯乙烯为末端段，以聚丁二烯为中间弹性嵌段的线性嵌段共聚物；SBS中的聚苯乙烯链段赋予其良好的加工流动性能，而聚丁二烯链段则赋予其良好的橡胶高弹性。当SBS与聚苯乙烯的复合体系进行熔融共混时，由于SBS与聚苯乙烯之间只具有一定的相容性，因此在熔融共混过程中，两者不能达到分子级的分散水平，最终SBS只能以分散相分散于聚苯乙烯基体中；另一方面，由于SBS自身为热塑性弹性体，具有良好的加工流动性，因而在熔融过程中，在剪切力作用下，SBS可以在聚苯乙烯基体中形成尺寸较小的分散相。以聚苯乙烯基材的发泡塑料中SBS分散相的存在，可以对聚苯乙烯基体起到了良好的增韧效果，并由此赋予了复合体系一定的柔韧性。体系中吸水材料的存在，有效降低了多相体系表面的与水接触角，并将疏水表面改善为亲水表面；选用的蒙脱土、可溶性淀粉、聚乙烯醇等吸水材料，在挤出发泡的过程中稳定，不仅可以赋予了制品的表面亲水行为，且可以满足了发泡聚苯乙烯食品托盘的卫生要求，并且在使用过程不会产生明显的相迁移，在赋予制品亲水性的同时，确保了托盘的正常功能。需要指出的是，聚丙烯酰胺作为吸水材料，虽然吸水速度快，但其聚合物中残留单体丙烯酰胺对人体有害，因此没有采用；另外，交联聚丙烯酸钠虽然具有很高的吸水率，但是由于在制品中容易发生相迁移，而暴露在制品表面，也没有被采用。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有显著的积极效果和先进性：本发明的柔性亲水聚苯乙烯发泡材料中适量SBS热塑性弹性体及吸水材料的引入，赋予了复合体系良好的柔性和良好的亲水性能。
本发明制得的柔性亲水聚苯乙烯发泡材料可用于超市有血水渗出的生肉类的放置托盘。
具体实施方式：下面的实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是限制本发明的范围。
实施例1：柔性亲水聚苯乙烯发泡材料的制备
(1)先将8.7公斤聚苯乙烯粒子加入的165℃的密炼机，转速为65rpm，之后加入0.8公斤SBS热塑性弹性体，熔融共混3分钟；
(2)将和0.5公斤蒙脱土加入(1)的混合物中，熔融共混6分钟，从混合器中取出物料、冷却至室温并粉碎为粒子；
(3)将(2)中的产物，在180℃进行挤出发泡，采用丁烷为物理发泡剂并注入挤出机，在挤出机中与聚苯乙烯发泡材料熔融形成均匀的溶液，经模头挤出后，在口模处突然泄压、发泡、冷却、定型、牵引后，获得聚苯乙烯泡沫片材。
将该泡沫板材切成长条，用手分别把握两端，迅速进行180°的对折，样品没有脆断；经测试，其与水的接触角是28°。
实施例2：柔性亲水聚苯乙烯发泡材料的制备
8.9公斤聚苯乙烯；0.6公斤SBS热塑性弹性体；0.5公斤可溶性淀粉。其余与实施1相同。
将该泡沫板材切成长条，用手分别把握两端，迅速进行180°的对折，样品没有脆断；经测试，其与水的接触角是36°。
实施例3：柔性亲水聚苯乙烯发泡材料的制备
9.2公斤聚苯乙烯；0.5公斤SBS热塑性弹性体；0.3公斤蒙脱土。其余与实施1相同。
将该泡沫板材切成长条，用手分别把握两端，迅速进行180°的对折，样品没有脆断；经测试，其与水的接触角是45°。
实施例4：柔性亲水聚苯乙烯发泡材料的制备
8.9公斤聚苯乙烯；0.6公斤SBS热塑性弹性体；0.5公斤聚乙烯醇。其余与实施1相同。
将该泡沫板材切成长条，用手分别把握两端，迅速进行180°的对折，样品没有脆断；经测试，其与水的接触角是60°。
实施例5：柔性亲水聚苯乙烯发泡材料的制备
8.9公斤聚苯乙烯；0.6公斤SBS热塑性弹性体；0.3公斤可溶性淀粉；0.2公斤蒙脱土。其余与实施1相同。
将该泡沫板材切成长条，用手分别把握两端，迅速进行180°的对折，样品没有脆断；经测试，其与水的接触角是30°。
实施例6：柔性亲水聚苯乙烯发泡材料的制备
8.9公斤聚苯乙烯；0.7公斤SBS热塑性弹性体；0.2公斤聚乙烯醇，0.2公斤蒙脱土。其余与实施1相同。
将该泡沫板材切成长条，用手分别把握两端，迅速进行180°的对折，样品没有脆断；经测试，其与水的接触角是35°。
在柔性亲水发泡聚苯乙烯料中，决定其柔性和亲水的主要因素分别是SBS热塑性弹性体的含量以及吸水材料的含量。提高吸水材料的用量，可适当降低室温下的与水接触角；适量的SBS热塑性弹性体在发泡聚苯乙烯泡沫中存在，会在赋予复合体系的柔软性。
显然，本发明上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所做的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (1)
1.一种柔性亲水的聚苯乙烯发泡材料，其特征在于，包括下列顺序步骤：
(1)按照重量份数组成如下：聚苯乙烯87～92；SBS热塑性弹性体5～8；吸水材料3～5；所述的吸水材料是蒙脱土、可溶性淀粉、聚乙烯醇中的一种或多种；
(2)在165℃的高温混合器中，将聚苯乙烯与SBS热塑性弹性体混合均匀；之后加入吸水材料，混合均匀从混合器中取出物料，冷却至室温并进行粉碎。
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