CN110121589B - 具有燃料识别功能的用于运行内燃机的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于运行内燃机的方法,具有识别用于喷射的燃料的功能。在该方法中,在第一喷射压力和第二喷射压力下获知待喷射的燃料的弹性模量。由两个弹性模量值的、与压力差关联的差计算差值,将该差值与区分值相比较。根据该差值是高于还是低于区分值来识别所使用的燃料。该方法特别是适用于区分柴油燃料EN590和生物柴油。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行内燃机的方法,具有识别用于喷射的燃料的功能。
背景技术
在用于内燃机的现代燃料喷射***中,用于压力调节和喷射质量测量的许多参数取决于所使用的燃料。燃料的性质,例如密度、热值和可压缩性,在此互相会有很大不同。对当前使用的燃料的不了解会导致所喷射的燃料质量的不准确,从而对车辆性能并且特别是对废气形成方面产生负面影响。
一方面,至今为止忍受了这种由于对燃料种类的不了解导致的负面影响。其结果则是较差的性能以及在废气形成方面产生的负面影响。另一方面,已经通过获知燃料的弹性模量(燃料的可压缩性)结合燃料温度来对燃料执行探测。然而,为此需要通过传感器得到的良好的燃料温度信息。而通常由于成本原因不存在这种传感器,或者由于成本原因期望省略传感器。上述燃料探测基于以下原理:燃料是可压缩的。当燃料被施压时,其体积减小,密度增加。体积变化与压力变化的比率是弹性模量。其可以如下计算:
其中:
Δp表示得出的压力差
ΔV表示被添加或移除的燃料体积
Vgesamt表示全部的液压体积
E表示压缩模量。
不同燃料的可压缩性在恒定温度下不同。但是燃料的可压缩性也相对于温度而变化。因此,在上述用于获知燃料种类的方法中,在弹性模量的简单比较中,既需要弹性模量本身也需要温度。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,提供一种本文开头所述类型的方法,其特征在于特别低的成本。
根据本发明,在所述类型的方法中,这一任务通过以下步骤解决:
在第一喷射压力下获知待喷射的燃料的弹性模量;
在第二喷射压力下获知待喷射的燃料的弹性模量;
形成两个弹性模量值的差,并且将该差与压力差关联以获得差值(Differenzwert)
为该差值确定区分值(Unterscheidungswert);
当差值高于区分值时识别第一燃料种类,并且当差值低于区分值时识别第二燃料种类。
根据本发明的方法基于以下原理:燃料压缩时也产生热量。如果不同时导出该热量,即如果该过程不是等温的,则该热量进一步产生压力。对于不同的燃料,这种绝热特性是不同的。若现在观察两个压力下弹性模量值的差,则该差是燃料特有的。由此可以进行没有温度信息的燃料探测。
至今为止,关于弹性模量的知识只能结合温度信息用于燃料探测。即仅与温度信息的精度允许的一样准确。与此相反,根据本发明的方法适应于没有这样的温度信息的情况。其原因是借助了关于压力的等熵的弹性模量梯度,这是燃料特有的。
弹性模量值可以在喷射***中简单地获知,例如通过测量轨道(燃料存储器)中的压降,该压降在喷射(从轨道中提取)限定的燃料量时产生。如果这是在不同压力下执行的,则可以以简单的方式计算所获知的弹性模量值的差。如果将该差与相应的压力差相关联,则获得可用于识别燃料的差值。
根据所获知的差值是高于还是低于区分值,可以识别所使用的燃料或所使用的燃料种类。在此,例如从相应的存储表中提取的值可以用作区分值。例如,用于在柴油燃料EN590和生物柴油之间进行区分的区分值确定为12.5。如果获知的差值高于12.5,则获知所使用的燃料是柴油燃料EN590。如果差值低于12.5,则识别为生物柴油燃料。
优选地,根据本发明的方法执行为,选择尽可能相互远离的第一喷射压力和第二喷射压力。例如,在此例举2000 bar至350 bar的优选压力差。
此外,根据本发明的方法优选在相对恒定的起始温度下执行。因此,在根据本发明的方法的一个特别优选的实施方式中,在相对恒定的起始温度下获知在尽可能相互远离的两个压力下的弹性模量值的差,并将该差与相应的压力差相关联。
如已经提到的,根据本发明的方法例如执行用于区分柴油燃料EN590和生物柴油。在此,当存在2000bar至350bar的压力差时,将所获知的差值与区分值12.5进行比较。
在第一优选方法变型方案中,在内燃机的运行期间,基于不同的自然运行点来获知差值。在此,由驾驶员通过其驾驶期望来选择具有较高功率的运行点。在每个运行点确定喷射压力和喷射量。在这个运行点也是如此。由于不仅喷射量已知而且测量了压力,因此可以获知弹性模量。在喷射量ΔV时的压降Δp与液压的总体积Vgesamt一起计算出弹性模量E:
该值被存储为E1。如果驾驶员选择具有低功率的运行点,则在现在较低的压力下重复该过程。值E2被存储。将两个值的差与压力差相关联。由此得出无量纲的差值:
在这里所选择的压力差为2000 bar至350 bar的情况下,区分值采用12.5。如果所获知的差值高于12.5,则识别为生物燃料EN590,如果低于12.5,则识别为生物柴油。
在第二方法变型方案中,基于不同的人为运行点获知差值。在此,基本上与第一方法变型方案一致地采取措施。然而并不是在其自然运行点的周围接近两个所需的压力,而是为了获知弹性模量而额外人为地将压力设定到期望的水平。这样例如可以在通常操作中压的中等负荷下,操作(fahren)一次较高压,另操作一次较低压。方法的其余部分保持不变。
在另一方法变型方案中,在内燃机的运行期间确定关于压力的弹性模量曲线,并且使每个压力差对应一差值,将该差值与预先获知的用于区分燃料的差值进行比较。在此,基本方法同样保持不变,但是在每次喷射(或每10次喷射或其他选择的间隔)时,计算并存储弹性模量。结果是关于压力的弹性模量曲线。现在可以使每个压力差对应一差值。并且对于每个压力差,可以预先获知用于区分燃料的差值。
在所有方法变型方案中,优选地,所有值都应当在时间上这样近地获知,从而可以从未改变的(燃料流入-)温度(约±10℃)开始。
根据本发明的方法基本上不仅适用于汽油燃料的燃料识别也适用于柴油燃料的燃料识别。
附图说明
下面参照一个实施例,结合附图详细阐述本发明。唯一的图示根据温度示出了所获知的差值的图表。
具体实施方式
在该实施例中,根据上述第一方法变型方案采取措施。在内燃机运行中,从喷射压力为2000bar的自然运行点开始。测量该压力。由于喷射量是已知的,由此可以以上述方式来计算弹性模量,将其存储为E1。
在另一自然运行点方面(其在此相应于350bar的喷射压力),重复上述过程,并获知弹性模量,将其存储为E2。由此,关联相应的压力差得出差值,使该差值与所选区分值12.5相对比。如果所获知的差值高于12.5,则燃料被识别为柴油燃料EN590。如果所获知的差值低于12.5,则所使用的燃料是生物柴油(B10)。
在唯一附图中给出了在2000bar至350bar的压力差下,针对生物柴油B10和针对柴油燃料EN590的、根据温度的相应差值。可以看出,对此可以在不需要温度信息的情况下很容易地在两种燃料之间进行区分。
Claims (7)
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,选择尽可能相互远离的所述第一喷射压力(p1)和所述第二喷射压力(p2)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,其在相对恒定的起始温度下被执行。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,其执行用于区分柴油燃料EN509和生物柴油。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述内燃机的运行期间,基于不同的自然运行点来获知所述差值(DW)。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,基于不同的人为运行点来获知所述差值(DW)。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述内燃机的运行期间,确定关于压力的弹性模量曲线,并且使每个压力差对应一差值(DW),将所述差值与预先获知的用于区分燃料的差值进行比较。
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WO2018114532A1 (de) | 2018-06-28 |
DE102016225435B3 (de) | 2018-02-15 |
KR20190094450A (ko) | 2019-08-13 |
US20190368428A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
US11053867B2 (en) | 2021-07-06 |
CN110121589A (zh) | 2019-08-13 |
KR102197168B1 (ko) | 2020-12-31 |
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