CN110073935A - A kind of implantation methods of cotton field set miscegenation eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato as green manure - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of cotton field set miscegenation eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato as green manure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110073935A CN110073935A CN201910484369.7A CN201910484369A CN110073935A CN 110073935 A CN110073935 A CN 110073935A CN 201910484369 A CN201910484369 A CN 201910484369A CN 110073935 A CN110073935 A CN 110073935A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods in cotton field set miscegenation eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato, are included in the cotton growth later period, cover mixed seeding eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato in cotton field, are turned over eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato as green manure before next year sowing cotton seed.This method can improve the exposed situation of winter-spring season Cotton Soil, reduce the ecological problems such as antecedent soil moisture, wind erosion enhancing, surface soil loss and fugitive dust.And the increase soil organism is turned over by green manure, and plants the pale reddish brown sweet potato of legume, cotton field fertilizer amount can be reduced by biological nitrogen fixation, realize and combined with feeding, realizes the sustainable production of cotton green.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of to cover miscegenation eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato work in cotton field
For the implantation methods of green manure.
Background technique
With the increase of cost of labor, the cotton planting system in China, cotton region, Yellow River basin is to one crop per annual evolving trend
Aggravation causes a large amount of soil winter-spring seasons idle.Soil winter slack is causing sunlight-heat reaources to leave unused and waste same with land resource
When, it is also easy to cause the ecological problems such as antecedent soil moisture, wind erosion enhancing, surface soil loss and fugitive dust, surrounding cities environment is caused to press
Power.
In addition, the Cotton Nitrogen dosage of Yellow River basin is excessively high, it is 2.08~3 of american cotton with highest recommendation amount of nitrogen
Times.The nitrogenous fertilizer that cotton field is excessively applied will lead to greenhouse gases be increasing, soil acidification, earth's surface water eutrophication, underground water it is dirty
Many environmental problems such as dye.If can be in cotton Winter paddy field green manuring, it will be able to effectively solve Yellow River basin winter-spring season cotton field
Soil bareness problem, improve winter-spring season ecological environment.Promotion soil quality can also be turned over by green manure, reduced nitrogenous fertilizer and used
Amount, therefore its integrated application has a high potential.
But not all green manure is suitable for planting in cotton Winter paddy field.Firstly, since north of china in winter temperature is lower, drop
Rain is less, therefore should select drought-enduring, low temperature resistant green manure kind.Secondly, Yellow River basin cotton's seeding time is mid or late April,
Therefore should have larger biomass when turning over mid or late April after Green manuring, compared with your pupil's object amount green manure for carbon sequestration, cover
Lid effect is bad.Again, it cannot yield positive results before green manure turns over, otherwise seed loses to cotton field, may will affect cotton season cotton
Flower growth.Finally, green manure is preferably legume, the biological nitrogen fixation of legume can reduce nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount.
In consideration of it, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind to cover miscegenation eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato as green manure in the cotton growth later period
Implantation methods.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows:
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods in cotton field set miscegenation eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato, after being included in cotton growth
Phase covers mixed seeding eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato in cotton field, carries out turning over conduct to eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato before next year sowing cotton seed
Green manure.
Preferably, to the requirement of eryuelan seed are as follows: variety >=96%, Purity rate of seed >=98%, germination
Rate >=80%, seed moisture content≤12%；
Requirement to pale reddish brown sweet potato seed are as follows: variety >=92%, Purity rate of seed >=94%, percentage of seedgermination >=
75%, seed moisture content≤12%.
Preferably, eryuelan and the seedtime of pale reddish brown sweet potato are August or September.
Preferably, the application rate of eryuelan is 1~2kg/ mus, and the application rate of pale reddish brown sweet potato is 2~4kg/ mus, preferably February
The ratio of the application rate of blue and pale reddish brown sweet potato is 1:2.
Preferably, eryuelan and the seeding method of pale reddish brown sweet potato are drilling or broadcast sowing.
Preferably, the seeding method of eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato are as follows: use drilling when, application rate be eryuelan 1kg/ mus+
Pale reddish brown sweet potato 2kg/ mus；When using broadcasting sowing, application rate be eryuelan 2kg/ mus+it is sweet potato 4kg/ mus pale reddish brown.
Preferably, as used drilling, when cotton uses wide-narrow row planting, in 3~4 row green manure of cotton broad line seeding in the ranks
Seed, the line-spacing of green manure are 15~20cm；When the line-spacings plantation such as cotton use, every 3 row green manure seed of row cotton drilling in the ranks.
Preferably, it is broadcasted sowing as used, in the ranks by the whole of green manure seed uniform broadcasting cotton.
Preferably, the depth of planting of green manure seed is 1~2cm.
Preferably, eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato were turned in 8~12 days before the middle ten days and the last ten days April in next year, sowing cotton seed.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
For fertilizer application amount is excessive, utilization rate is lower existing for the ripe area of current Yellow River basin cotton one, pollution by chemical fertilizer compared with
To be serious, and winter cotton field is exposed easily causes that antecedent soil moisture, wind erosion enhancing, surface soil is lost and the ecological problems such as fugitive dust, this hair
It is bright to be dropped in the cotton growth later period by the way that the exposed situation of winter-spring season Cotton Soil improved by eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato mixed seeding
Low antecedent soil moisture, wind erosion enhancing, surface soil is lost and the ecological problems such as fugitive dust.And the increase soil organism is turned over by green manure,
And the plantation pale reddish brown sweet potato of legume, cotton field fertilizer amount can be reduced by biological nitrogen fixation, realize and combined with feeding, realize cotton
Spend the sustainable production of green.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, technical solution of the present invention will be carried out below
Detailed description.Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Base
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained all without making creative work
Other embodiment belongs to the range that the present invention is protected.
The present embodiments relate to a kind of implantation methods in cotton field set miscegenation eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato as green manure, packets
It includes in the cotton growth later period, set mixed seeding eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato in cotton field, to eryuelan and Hairy Vetch before next year sowing cotton seed
Son is turned over as green manure.
Eryuelan is Cruciferae Orychophragmus, 1 year or biennial herb plant.Because the lunar calendar starts out indigo plant around February
Purple flower, therefore claim two pale blue or eryuelan.The plant requires conditions such as soil illumination lower, cold-resistant drought, and vitality is indomitable.Especially
It is the bad weather that can endure north of china in winter, has very strong tolerance to cold.It is of less demanding for moisture, illumination, be suitable for
It is grown in the soil slightly at alkalinity, therefore is well suited for planting in Yellow River basin.Such as February is planted in Yellow River basin cotton region autumn
Orchid, the April, fresh grass amount was up to 20t/hm2, therefore carbon sequestration effect is preferable, coverage is higher.Eryuelan fruiting period is 6-7 month,
Therefore the not formed seed when turning over the April, will not impact cotton growth.But eryuelan is crop in cruciferae, no
It is legume, does not have biological nitrogen fixation.
Pale reddish brown sweet potato is pulse family Vetch, 1 year or more year raw herbaceous plant.The plant cold-resistant power is stronger, -5 DEG C of frosts
Under remain to normal growth.Not tight, happiness sand loam is required soil, it is viscous also to grow heavyly, barren.It is resistant to the alkali that pH is 8.5
Property soil and salt content be 0.25% slight salinization soil, pH be 5.0~5.5 red soil on can also grow very well.
Resistance to shade, in fruit-bearing forest or long-stalked crops in the ranks well-grown.Pale reddish brown sweet potato is legume, and root nodule is more, and nitrogen fixing capacity is strong.It is pale reddish brown
Sweet potato generally buddings in 4 months to the first tenday period of a month in May, therefore while turning over not formed seed, will not impact to cotton growth.
To sum up, eryuelan is although drought-enduring cold-resistant, and fresh grass amount is larger when turning over preceding not formed seed, and turning over, and meets cotton
The requirement of Winter paddy field green manuring.But eryuelan is not legume, does not have biological nitrogen fixation.Hairy Vetch cotyledon is drought-enduring
It is cold-resistant, not formed seed before turning over, but the drought-enduring performance that resists cold is easy to appear emergence rate or wintering rate is lower existing not as good as eryuelan
As.But pale reddish brown sweet potato is legume, is able to carry out biological nitrogen fixation, therefore present invention selection covers mixed seeding eryuelan in cotton field
With pale reddish brown sweet potato as green manure.In Yellow River basin, cotton is generally sowed 3~April, harvesting in 9~October.Until frost cotton
Flower is just no longer grown.Eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato mixed seeding are introduced cotton Winter paddy field by the present invention, turn over the larger life of green manure in guarantee
While object amount, it may have the biological nitrogen fixation of legume, application potential are huge.
In addition, it is had following synergistic effect in cotton field set mixed seeding according to the growth characteristics of two kinds of green manure:
(1) be directed to aerial part: pale reddish brown sweet potato is the plant of climbing growth, can be climbed up by holding on to by cotton stalk or eryuelan to
Upper growth makes full use of illumination resource, improves biomass, improves biological nitrogen fixation effect.
(2) be directed under ground portion: the main root system of eryuelan is located in the range of 0~20cm of upper soll layer, therefore two
The moon, blue growing mainly utilized the moisture and nutrient within the scope of 0~20cm soil layer；And the pale reddish brown main root system of sweet potato is located at distance soil
In the range of 0~100cm of earth surface layer, the moisture and nutrient within the scope of soil layer 20~100cm soil layer can be absorbed, from spatially mentioning
The high level of resources utilization of moisture and nutrient.
In one embodiment of the invention, to the requirement of eryuelan seed are as follows: variety >=96%, Purity rate of seed
>=98%, percentage of seedgermination >=80%, seed moisture content≤12%.Requirement to pale reddish brown sweet potato seed are as follows: variety >=
92%, Purity rate of seed >=94%, percentage of seedgermination >=75%, seed moisture content≤12%.
Wherein, variety is kind typical consistent degree in terms of feature, accounts for confession with the seed number of this kind
The percentage for examining this crop sample seeds number indicates.Variety is the primary quality measure of seed, influence crop yield and
Product quality.Since the underproduction is just entirely possible to offset the yield potential of a new varieties, thus purity caused by purity is low
It is low and cause very big loss.
Purity rate of seed refers to the purebred percentage for accounting for gross weight of a certain main body kind.In general, the degree of purity of turfgrass seed
Between 80%~97%.The degree of purity of agricultural seed should be greater than this numerical value.
The calculation formula of percentage of seedgermination are as follows: percentage of seedgermination=(seed number is planted experimentally in chitting piece grain number/confession) ×
100%.Percentage of seedgermination is higher, illustrates that seed is full, and uniformity is high, and embryo development is good, and Seed Vitality is high.Germination
It can be carried out in germinating box.
Seed moisture content refers to contained humidity quality in seed (100~105 DEG C of moisture contents eliminated) and seed matter
The percentage of amount.Its calculation formula is: seed moisture content=(for examining seed quality after dry preceding seed quality-drying for inspection)/
For examining seed quality × 100% before dry.
Seed moisture content is one of Seed Inspection project and seed quality index.It includes free water, beam that institute is aqueous in seed
Tie up water and 3 kinds of water of constitution.The main object of seed moisture content measurement is free water.Chinese chief crop seed safety storage moisture
Maximum are as follows: bright rice 13.5%, japonica rice 14%, wheat 12%, barley, soybean, corn are 13.5%, cottonseed 12% etc..
Usually, water content is fewer, is more conducive to store.If seed moisture content is high, cause metabolic activity vigorous and respiration
By force, it is easy the excessive organic matter of consumption, is in addition easy that the mold of seed is made to rot.And seed is easy germination at high humidity, together
Sample is unfavorable for storing and save.
Further, eryuelan and the seedtime of pale reddish brown sweet potato are August or September, are no more than the first tenday period of a month in October, date of seeding at the latest
It can flexibly be grasped according to weather.It is suitable for sowing when slightly higher with temperature before and after rainfall, such soil moisture content is good, and emergence rate is higher,
Green manure growth is rapid.
In one embodiment of the invention, the application rate of eryuelan is 1~2kg/ mus, and the application rate of pale reddish brown sweet potato is 2
~4kg/ mus.Lower application rate will lead to eryuelan and group is smaller when pale reddish brown sweet potato turns over, and increases the soil organism and life
The effect of object fixed nitrogen is unobvious.Higher application rate can increase covered ground, reduce evaporation from land, the function with water-saving volume increase
Effect.But application rate is excessive, and the plant that will cause unit area is more, and individual is vied each other greatly, causes seedling weak, or even lodging, drop
The low effect for promoting soil quality.
In addition, since pale reddish brown sweet potato has biological nitrogen fixation effect, and wintering rate is lower, it should suitably increase pale reddish brown sweet potato and exists
Sowing ratio in green manure, to promote soil nitrogen fixation effect.But if the planting proportion of pale reddish brown sweet potato is excessive, it is whole green manure to be reduced
The wintering rate of body.In the embodiment of the present invention 2, no matter using broadcasting sowing or the seeding method of drilling, when eryuelan and Hairy Vetch
When the application rate of son is 1:2, the preceding biomass maximum that turns over of eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato, therefore the application rate of eryuelan and sweet potato
It is 1:2 that ratio is most suitable.
Further, as green manure, seeding method is drilling or broadcasts sowing for eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato.By eryuelan before sowing
Seed and pale reddish brown sweet potato seed mix.
Wherein, drilling is seed equably to be broadcast strip, capable to keep certain distance between row, and between being expert at and going
There are protuberances, walk, trample for peasant.Drilling is the most commonly used type of seeding.Substantially it can guarantee ventilation and penetrating light, thinning removes
Grass operation also facilitates.The seed relatively high suitable for medium-and-large-sized seed or cost.Compared to broadcasting sowing, saving seed is compared in drilling,
Longer seedling has line-spacing appropriate, and quality is higher, and mechanically actuated and field management are more convenient.But it needs in advance on the ground
Do furrow or trench digging, higher cost.
Broadcast sowing is that the seed of crop is equably spread in the fields.Suitable for being easy, germination, germination percentage is high and seed is tiny
Plant, be usually used in large area production, such as leaf vegetables, five cereals, turf crop etc..It broadcasts sowing with quick, economy excellent
Point, but it is only applicable to Minitype seed, and seed usage amount is big.Irregular after seed seedling, density is also inconsistent, and management difficulty is big
In drilling.
Required grain weight is higher than drilling when due to broadcasting sowing, and in one embodiment of the invention, when using drilling, broadcasts
Kind amount for eryuelan 1kg/ mus+it is sweet potato 2kg/ mus pale reddish brown；When using broadcasting sowing, application rate is eryuelan 2kg/ mus+pale reddish brown sweet potato
4kg/ mus.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, as used drilling, when cotton uses wide-narrow row planting, in cotton row
Between 3~4 row green manure seed of broad line seeding, the line-spacing of green manure is 15~20cm；When the line-spacings plantation such as cotton use, every row cotton
3 row green manure seed of drilling in the ranks.This mode can increase the planting density of green manure, improve land use rate.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, it is broadcasted sowing as used, by whole rows of green manure seed uniform broadcasting cotton
Between.If mulch is not taken off when broadcasting sowing, should by the uniform broadcasting of green manure seed to not covering with ground sheeting in the ranks.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, it selects to choose and have good quality, the eryuelan and Hairy Vetch of full grains
Sub- seed is sowed in the fertile cotton field soil of sunny, topography.Site preparation, weeding, fertilising, watering should be carried out in advance, and sowing is deep
Spend 1~2cm or so.Artificial seeding, traditional type sowing drill sowing or unmanned aerial vehicles sowing can be used, suppressed after broadcasting.Green manure is broadcast
Way to manage is with conventional cotton field after kind, is no longer separately applied fertilizer, is irrigated, intertilled, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc..
In one embodiment of the invention, the middle ten days and the last ten days April in next year, 10 days preferably preceding 8~12 days before sowing cotton seed
Green manure is turned over.Chopper can be used, direct returning to farmland after cotton stalk, eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato are crushed.In cotton
It needs to carry out rotary tillage and suppression before sowing, eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato can also be turned in topsoil, unexposedly face.
The present invention plants eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato in cotton Winter paddy field, can improve winter covering reduce antecedent soil moisture,
Wind erosion enhancing, surface soil are lost and the ecological problems such as fugitive dust.And the increase soil organism, and pale reddish brown sweet potato energy are turned over by green manure
Cotton field fertilizer amount is enough reduced by biological nitrogen fixation, achievees the purpose that high yield synergy and low environment cost.Under normal circumstances,
Turn over green manure cotton field can not organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer dosage reduce 20%~30%.
Embodiment 1
Select the cotton field of uniform soil quality at the one of the experiment station Dong Chang, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science and Technologys Cotton Research Institute as experimental field,
10 processing groups are set, and respectively in the cotton growth later period, i.e., the same year September broadcasts sowing eryuelan, alfalfa, pale reddish brown sweet potato, black
Wheat straw, daghestan sweet clover, butch clover, common vetch, rattail fescue grass, Trigonella foenum-graecum, ten kinds of prairie milk vetch can fill out cotton field of not busy Yellow River basin winter
Green manure seed.Cotton field management process includes: 6000 plants/acre of cotton density, and April 21 was sowed with equal line-spacings 76cm, 130cm wide
The covering of film duplicate rows；Cell row is 10 meters long, is repeated 3 times, and amounts to 30 cells.Cotton management is the same as local conventional Cotton Fields with High Yield.It irrigates
Mode is flood irrigation.Green manure is sowed using the mode of broadcasting sowing, in addition to sowing and turning over, does not increase any artificial and materialization investment.Green manure
Single plant dry matter, section, plant height, the depth bounds of main root system in the soil are as shown in table 1 before wintering rate and second year turn over.
Table 1
10 embodiments are compared and are can be found that: the opposite wintering rate of eryuelan, rye grass and rattail fescue grass is higher, because
This cold-resistant, drought-resistance ability with higher；But rye grass and rattail fescue grass the single plant dry matter before second year turns over are relatively low, because
This eryuelan both resisted cold, is drought-enduring, and had larger amount of dry matter (biomass) before second year turns over, therefore be to be most suitable for filling out the spare time
The green manure type in winter cotton field.But eryuelan is not legume, does not have biological nitrogen fixation effect, it is therefore desirable to biological with having
The legume of nitrogen fixing capacity mixes up, and can be only achieved better green manure effect.
There are 7 kinds of legumes in 10 embodiments, has the following characteristics that in 1) 7 kinds of legumes, pale reddish brown sweet potato and pale reddish brown
Biomass of individual tree is relatively large before clover turns over.2) eryuelan is averaged plant height as 61.2cm before turning over, and pale reddish brown sweet potato, arrow tongue pea
Beans are the crop climbed up by holding on to half climbing growth, and butch clover plant height is 20.2cm, therefore pale reddish brown sweet potato, common vetch and Trifolium repense
The plant height and eryuelan difference of grass are relatively large, it, which is carried out set miscegenation with eryuelan, can avoid aerial part contention sunlight.3)
The depth bounds of the main root system of eryuelan in the soil are 14.8cm before turning over, and pale reddish brown sweet potato is 80.4cm, and sweet clover is
98.4cm.Therefore the main root system of pale reddish brown sweet potato and sweet clover depth bounds in the soil and eryuelan difference are relatively large.
There is this to obtain, although pale reddish brown sweet potato wintering rate is relatively low, it is both legume, and biomass of individual tree is also relatively large, strain
High and root system and eryuelan difference are also larger, therefore pale reddish brown sweet potato is to be most suitable for mixing up the green manure kind for filling out not busy winter cotton field with eryuelan
Class.
Embodiment 2
Select the cotton field of uniform soil quality at the one of the experiment station Dong Chang, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science and Technologys Cotton Research Institute as experimental field,
Total 18 mu of number of mu, soil property is identical.Under agronomy management measure unanimous circumstances, test sets 18 processing groups, processing group 1-18 altogether
The seeding method of corresponding embodiment 2-1 to 2-18 is respectively adopted；During test, each processing group is same as the management of cotton and green manure
The daily management of the crop.
September is just after rain, selects variety >=96%, Purity rate of seed >=98%, percentage of seedgermination >=80%, and seed contains
The eryuelan seed and variety >=92% of water≤12%, Purity rate of seed >=94%, percentage of seedgermination >=75%,
The pale reddish brown sweet potato seed of seed moisture content≤12% is sowed.Application rate and seeding method are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
| Embodiment | Green manure seeding method | Eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato application rate |
| Embodiment 2-1 | Drilling | 1kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 1kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-2 | Drilling | 1kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 2kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-3 | Drilling | 1kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 4kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-4 | Drilling | 2kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 1kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-5 | Drilling | 2kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 2kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-6 | Drilling | 2kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 4kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-7 | Drilling | 4kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 1kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-8 | Drilling | 4kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 2kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-9 | It broadcasts sowing | 4kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 4kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-10 | It broadcasts sowing | 1kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 1kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-11 | It broadcasts sowing | 1kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 2kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-12 | It broadcasts sowing | 1kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 4kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-13 | It broadcasts sowing | 2kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 1kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-14 | It broadcasts sowing | 2kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 2kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-15 | It broadcasts sowing | 2kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 4kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-16 | It broadcasts sowing | 4kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 1kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-17 | It broadcasts sowing | 4kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 2kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
| Embodiment 2-18 | It broadcasts sowing | 4kg/ mus of eryuelan+sweet potato 4kg/ mus pale reddish brown |
When using drilling, the line-spacings plantations such as cotton uses, every 3 row green manure of row cotton drilling in the ranks.When using broadcasting sowing,
In the ranks by the whole of green manure seed uniform broadcasting cotton, depth of planting is 1~2cm.The green manure management measure broadcast is covered with cotton list
Make, the no longer separately measures such as fertilising, irrigation, intertillage, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
In the middle ten days and the last ten days April in next year, green manure was turned in 10 days before sowing cotton seed.Using chopper by cotton stalk and
Direct returning to farmland after green manure crushes.Rotary tillage before sowing cotton seed, suppression can turn over green manure in topsoil, unexposedly face.
Green manure per hectare biomass is shown in Table 3 before turning over.
Table 3
| Embodiment | Per hectare green manure amount of dry matter (kg/hm2) |
| Embodiment 2-1 | 2037.4 |
| Embodiment 2-2 | 2556.9 |
| Embodiment 2-3 | 2434.3 |
| Embodiment 2-4 | 1897.8 |
| Embodiment 2-5 | 1576.4 |
| Embodiment 2-6 | 1264.7 |
| Embodiment 2-7 | 1693.2 |
| Embodiment 2-8 | 1378.4 |
| Embodiment 2-9 | 1052.2 |
| Embodiment 2-10 | 1896.3 |
| Embodiment 2-11 | 1956.6 |
| Embodiment 2-12 | 1809.0 |
| Embodiment 2-13 | 2223.8 |
| Embodiment 2-14 | 2475.6 |
| Embodiment 2-15 | 2698.0 |
| Embodiment 2-16 | 1726.6 |
Above-described embodiment is compared, unit area dry matter when the green manure of embodiment 2-2 and embodiment 2-15 turn over
Amount is maximum, when illustrate using drilling, most suitable application rate for eryuelan 1kg/ mus+it is sweet potato 2kg/ mus pale reddish brown；It is most suitable when using broadcasting sowing
Application rate be eryuelan 2kg/ mus+it is sweet potato 4kg/ mus pale reddish brown.
Embodiment 3
Select the cotton field of uniform soil quality at the one of the experiment station Dong Chang, the Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science and Technologys Cotton Research Institute as experimental field.
Test setting cotton nonoculture, cotton/eryuelan interplanting, cotton/eryuelan+three kinds of pale reddish brown sweet potato planting system and 75%, 100%
2 Fertilization Levels of nitrogenous fertilizer amount to 6 processing groups.Wherein, embodiment 3-1 and 3-2 are corresponding: set broadcast eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato+
The case where 75% nitrogenous fertilizer, set broadcast eryuelan and pale reddish brown+100% nitrogenous fertilizer of sweet potato.Comparative example 3-1 to 3-4 is corresponding: no set broadcast green manure+
75% nitrogenous fertilizer broadcasts+100% nitrogenous fertilizer of green manure without set, covers and broadcast+75% nitrogenous fertilizer of eryuelan, cover the case where broadcasting+100% nitrogenous fertilizer of eryuelan.
Test setting is shown in Table 4.Wherein, the dosage of 100% nitrogenous fertilizer is urea (hereinafter referred to as N) 225.0kg/hm2, all cell phosphate fertilizer and
Potash fertilizer usage amount is P2O5102kg/hm2、K2O 102kg/hm2.Plot area is 70m2, carried out using waterproof bulkhead between cell
Isolation prevents infiltration from seeping fertilizer.
Cotton density is 6000 plants/acre, and eryuelan application rate is 2kg/ mus, and pale reddish brown sweet potato application rate is 4kg/ mus, is used
Broadcast sowing mode.Cotton field management is the same as conventional high-yield field.
Table 4
Test cell yield when cotton harvesting.Green manure is before turning over, cotton in seedling stage, flower bud phase, florescence, flowering and boll-setting period, blow-of-cottons
After phase, harvest and after irrigating and after rainfall, the depths 2m soil liquid sample is collected with soil liquid sampler, takes back laboratory
With semimicro-Kjeldahl method measurement soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil and soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content.It the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5
6 processing groups are compared, it can be deduced that output of cotton and soil fertilizer can be improved in Winter paddy field green manuring
The conclusion of power.Specifically, using the cropping pattern of cotton interplanting eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato, than the plantation of cotton interplanting eryuelan
The yield of mode is higher, and the effect for promoting cotton field fertility is more preferable.
Compared with comparative example 3-2, for embodiment 3-2 in the case where reducing by 25% urea, yield increases 384kg/hm2, soil
The earth content of organic matter increases by 18.56%, and total nitrogen content of soil increases by 17.03%, and soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases by 22.27%.It can be seen that cotton
Flower interplanting eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato are that one kind can increase output of cotton when reducing fertilizer amount, promote soil matter
The cropping pattern of amount.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain
Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of implantation methods in cotton field set miscegenation eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato, which is characterized in that after being included in cotton growth
Phase covers mixed seeding eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato in cotton field, carries out turning over conduct to eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato before next year sowing cotton seed
Green manure.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the requirement to eryuelan seed are as follows: variety >=96%,
Purity rate of seed >=98%, percentage of seedgermination >=80%, seed moisture content≤12%；
Requirement to pale reddish brown sweet potato seed are as follows: variety >=92%, Purity rate of seed >=94%, percentage of seedgermination >=75%,
Seed moisture content≤12%.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein eryuelan and the seedtime of pale reddish brown sweet potato are August or 9
Month.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the application rate of eryuelan be 1~2kg/ mus, pale reddish brown sweet potato
Application rate is 2~4kg/ mus, and preferably the ratio of the application rate of eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato is 1:2.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein eryuelan and the seeding method of pale reddish brown sweet potato are drilling or spread
It broadcasts.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the seeding method of eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato are as follows: use item
Sowing time, application rate be eryuelan 1kg/ mus+it is sweet potato 2kg/ mus pale reddish brown；When using broadcasting sowing, application rate be eryuelan 2kg/ mus+it is pale reddish brown
4kg/ mus of sweet potato.
7. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, as use drilling, when cotton use wide-narrow row planting when,
3~4 row green manure seed of cotton broad line seeding in the ranks, the line-spacing of green manure are 15~20cm；When the line-spacings plantation such as cotton use, often
3 row green manure seed of row cotton drilling in the ranks.
8. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, as using broadcasting sowing, by green manure seed uniform broadcasting cotton
All in the ranks.
9. the method according to claim 1, wherein the depth of planting of green manure seed is 1~2cm.
10. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the middle ten days and the last ten days April in next year, 8~12 days before sowing cotton seed
Eryuelan and pale reddish brown sweet potato are turned over.
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| CN115250845A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-11-01 | 天津市农业科学院 | Corn fertilizer-saving and damage-reducing planting method based on winter green manure nutrient management |
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