CN110055414B - Seepage control in-situ mining method for ionic rare earth - Google Patents
Seepage control in-situ mining method for ionic rare earth Download PDFInfo
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- CN110055414B CN110055414B CN201910337737.5A CN201910337737A CN110055414B CN 110055414 B CN110055414 B CN 110055414B CN 201910337737 A CN201910337737 A CN 201910337737A CN 110055414 B CN110055414 B CN 110055414B
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Abstract
In order to solve the problems of leaching leakage, landslide, ecological damage and the like of the existing in-situ leaching process of the ion-adsorption type rare earth mine, the invention discloses a seepage control in-situ mining method of ionic type rare earth, which is characterized in that a comprehensive geophysical prospecting method is introduced into the existing in-situ leaching process to detect the fault, crack and broken development conditions of a bedrock base plate; a grouting technology is introduced in the existing in-situ leaching process to construct an impervious layer on a bedrock bottom plate with poor development, so that the leaching liquid is prevented from entering underground water through the bedrock bottom plate to cause rare earth resource loss; an injection and extraction automatic control system consisting of automatic monitoring of an infiltration line, automatic liquid injection and vacuum extraction is introduced into the existing in-situ leaching process, so that the precise control of infusion injection-extraction is realized, and the construction of a digital mine is assisted. The invention is especially suitable for ion adsorption type rare earth mines with poor bottom plate development and poor permeability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ionic rare earth in-situ mining, and particularly relates to a seepage control in-situ mining method for ionic rare earth.
Background
The ion adsorption type rare earth ore, also called weathering crust elution type rare earth ore, is formed by that granite rich in rare earth elements is dissolved and migrated under the long-term external force geological action, and is adsorbed and deposited in clay minerals such as kaolin, montmorillonite, illite and the like in the front ground surface granite weathering crust under the proper environmental condition to form an ore body. Although the total amount of the found resources of the ion-adsorption type rare earth ores widely distributed in south China is not large, the rare earth elements are relatively high in the content of the rare earth elements (the content of the rare earth elements in individual mining areas exceeds 60 percent), and the rare earth elements are an important component of the global rare earth resources. According to the investigation result, the heavy rare earth reserves of about 54.42 ten thousand tons are globally discovered in 2015, wherein the reserves of the heavy rare earth in China are about 22 ten thousand tons and 40.4 percent, and the rest resources are mainly distributed in the United states, Australia and India.
The mining process of the ion adsorption type rare earth ore is sequentially changed by three-generation technologies of pond leaching, heap leaching and in-situ leaching. The in-situ leaching process does not peel off surface layer covering soil, does not excavate ore bodies, has low labor intensity, can fully utilize low-grade rare earth resources, and is a relatively efficient, environment-friendly and economic mining mode; however, the existing in-situ leaching process has strict requirements on the development degree and conditions of the bedrock base plate, and is only suitable for small part of ore deposits which are compact in structure, have no cracks, are extremely permeable to water and develop smoothly along the trend of an ore body. In the development and application process of the in-situ leaching process, due to extensive production, operation and management, mass production enterprises pursue economic benefits, neglect exploration on the development degree and integrity of the bed rock bottom plate of the mine, and only carry out leaching recovery by constructing a simple liquid accumulation pipeline/roadway (a false bottom plate with an extremely low seepage-proofing coefficient), so that a large amount of leaching liquid leaks in the mining process. Data published by the former national soil resources department show that the resource recovery rate of the ion adsorption type rare earth mine mined by the in-situ leaching mode is mostly 60-70%, and the resource recovery rate of part of bedrock bottom plate crushed ore deposit is below 50%. More seriously, the method also causes environmental problems of exhaustion of vegetation on the surface of the mining area, over-standard ammonia nitrogen in underground water, frequent geological disasters and the like while wasting a large amount of precious ionic rare earth resources.
Aiming at the problems of high requirement on a bedrock base plate, poor adaptability, low resource recovery rate, serious environmental pollution and the like of the existing ion adsorption type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining process, a brand new in-situ mining method is provided based on the seepage process control of the leaching solution from the basic characteristics of the mining process, and precious rare earth resources are efficiently utilized on the premise of protecting the environment of an ore area to support the development of social economy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a seepage control in-situ mining method for ionic rare earth, which aims to solve the problems of leaching leakage, landslide, ecological damage and the like of the existing in-situ leaching process of an ionic adsorption type rare earth mine.
The technical scheme provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a three-dimensional map of a mining area by combining remote sensing data on the basis of geological and hydrological exploration data of an in-situ leaching area to be developed, and further adopting a representative mining layer sample to test the material composition and physical property parameters of each mining layer;
s2, detecting, verifying and analyzing the development conditions of faults, cracks and breakage of the bedrock bottom plate by using a comprehensive geophysical prospecting method on the basis of the three-dimensional map of the mining area, and delineating the immersion liquid leakage position in the bedrock bottom plate;
s3, designing and implementing drilling and grouting anti-seepage operation at the surface position corresponding to the immersion liquid seepage position in the bedrock baseplate, constructing an anti-seepage layer along the fault, the crack and the broken zone of the bedrock baseplate, and testing the anti-seepage performance of the anti-seepage layer;
s4, constructing a three-dimensional seepage field of a mining area on the basis of physical parameters of the bedrock base plate and each mineral layer after seepage-proofing treatment, and further delineating a difficult seepage area, a plastic area, a seepage collection area and a liquid accumulation area in a mineral body;
s5, arranging a liquid injection hole and an automatic liquid injection device on the top of the ore body according to design, placing an infiltration line monitoring sensor in a difficult infiltration area and a plastic area, and installing vacuum extraction equipment in an infiltration collection area and a liquid accumulation area;
and S6, the automatic liquid injection device, the infiltration line monitoring sensor and the vacuum extraction equipment form an injection and extraction automatic control system based on ore body infiltration line monitoring, the injection and extraction automatic control system is debugged, the cyclic operation of leaching-liquid collection-leaching of ore bodies is carried out, and the in-situ seepage control mining of the ion adsorption type rare earth resource is realized.
Further, in the step S1, the remote sensing data can be high-precision remote sensing data to ensure that the three-dimensional map of the mining area of the member is more real and closer to the actual mining area condition.
Further, the construction of the three-dimensional map of the mine area in step S1 uses GIS (geographic information system) software.
Further, the mineral physical parameters in step S1 include density, porosity, permeability coefficient, internal friction angle, and the like.
Further, the comprehensive geophysical prospecting method in the step S2 comprises an anti-interference high-density resistivity method, a resistivity logging method, a sound wave logging method and an electromagnetic CT method, and one or more combinations of the methods are selected according to the development conditions of faults, cracks and breakage of the bedrock bottom plate for detection, verification and analysis.
Further, the grouting seepage prevention in the step S3 adopts a clay-based mixed solidification material.
Further, in step S4, ANSYS finite element analysis software is used to construct the three-dimensional seepage field of the mining area.
Further, in step S5, the automatic liquid injection device includes a drip irrigation head, a pipeline, a liquid injection automatic control valve and a cable; the immersion line sensor comprises an electronic osmometer, an energy device and a wireless transmission module; the vacuum extraction equipment comprises a vacuum extraction well, an extraction automatic control valve, an extraction pipeline, a water-gas separator, a vacuum pump, a water pump and a control cable.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. through the construction of a three-dimensional visual map of a mining area and the measurement of physical parameters of each mineral layer, the knowledge of a mining area is deepened, and data support is provided for improving the production management efficiency and level of the mining area;
2. the comprehensive geophysical prospecting method is introduced into the existing in-situ leaching process to detect the fault, crack and broken development conditions of the bedrock soleplate, and the grouting technology is introduced to construct an impervious layer on the bedrock soleplate with poor development, so that the seepage control of the immersion liquid in the ore body is obviously enhanced, and the rare earth resource loss caused by the immersion liquid entering underground water through the bedrock soleplate is prevented;
3. based on the three-dimensional seepage field simulation of an ore body, an injection and extraction automatic control system consisting of automatic monitoring of an infiltration line, automatic injection and vacuum extraction is introduced into the existing in-situ leaching process, so that the labor intensity is further reduced, the automation level of the ore is improved, the precise control of the injection and extraction of the immersion liquid is realized, and the construction of a digital mine is assisted;
4. by introducing the new technology, the ion adsorption type rare earth in-situ leaching process is remarkably improved, and the recovery rate of the rare earth leaching solution can be improved to more than 90% by assisting with an efficient production management system, so that the problems of leaching solution leakage, landslide, ecological damage and the like of the existing in-situ leaching process are systematically solved;
5. the investment of equipment, management and the like required by popularization and application of the mining method can be completely covered by the economic benefits increased by improving the resource mining efficiency and the recovery rate, and no additional economic burden is caused to enterprises; is particularly suitable for ion adsorption type rare earth mines with poor bottom plate development and poor permeability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a mining process facility embodying the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the bedrock floor in-situ seepage control of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals in figures 2-3 are respectively: the device comprises a liquid injection hole 1, a liquid injection automatic control valve 2, a vacuum extraction well 3, an extraction automatic control valve 4, a wetting line sensor 5, an injection automatic control system 6, a water-gas separator 7, a vacuum pump 8, a liquid accumulation pool 9, a regulating pool 10, an extraction separator 11, surface layer earthing 12, a grouting drill hole 13, a rare earth ore body 14, a bedrock bottom plate 15 and a bedrock impermeable layer 16.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects and technical embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The embodiments provided herein will convey the invention to those skilled in the art a full and complete appreciation of the invention can be gained by taking the entire specification, claims, drawings, and abstract as a whole. It should be noted that the present invention can be embodied in many different forms, and the specific embodiments described herein should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present embodiment provides a seepage control in-situ mining method for ion-adsorption type rare earth, the method includes three parts, namely bed rock bottom plate fault/fracture/fractured zone positioning, bed rock bottom plate impermeable layer construction, infiltration line monitoring and injection-extraction automatic control system construction, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) collecting and sorting geological and hydrological exploration data of an in-situ leaching area to be developed, acquiring high-precision remote sensing data of the area by using a satellite, an unmanned aerial vehicle or other modes, and constructing a visual three-dimensional map of the mining area in GIS (geographic information system) software by using the acquired high-precision remote sensing data; drilling at a proper position to take a representative ore bed sample, and measuring the material composition and physical parameters of each ore bed, wherein the physical parameters comprise thickness, density, porosity, permeability coefficient, internal friction angle and the like;
(2) designing and arranging an anti-interference high-density resistivity measuring device and a hydrological logging device according to a three-dimensional map of a mining area, and measuring the structural characteristics and seepage characteristics of a mineral seam above a bedrock bottom plate, the position, distribution, inclination angle, extension and the like of a fault/crack/fracture zone of the bedrock bottom plate;
(3) designing a formula of a bed rock bottom plate anti-seepage material and a grouting anti-seepage scheme by using the basic data in the step (2), drilling and injecting the anti-seepage material at the corresponding surface position along the fault, the crack and the broken zone of the bed rock bottom plate according to the design scheme, constructing a bed rock bottom plate anti-seepage layer and testing the anti-seepage performance of the bed rock bottom plate anti-seepage layer, so that the bed rock bottom plate is complete and does not leak liquid;
(4) based on the test data in the steps (1) and (2), combining permeability test data of different working conditions of a laboratory, constructing a three-dimensional seepage field model of an exploitation region by using ANSYS software, and further performing simulation analysis and delineating a difficult seepage region, a plastic region, a seepage collection region and a liquid accumulation region in an ore body;
(5) designing an automatic injection and extraction control system 6 by combining field conditions on the basis of the simulation data in the step (4), wherein the automatic injection and extraction control system 6 comprises an automatic injection device, an infiltration line monitoring sensor and vacuum extraction equipment; the automatic liquid injection device comprises a drip irrigation head, a pipeline, a liquid injection automatic control valve 2 and a cable; the saturation line sensor 5 comprises an electronic osmometer, an energy device and a wireless transmission module; the vacuum extraction equipment comprises a vacuum extraction well 3, an extraction automatic control valve 4, an extraction pipeline, a water-gas separator 7, a vacuum pump 8, a water pump and a control cable.
The method comprises the following steps: a liquid injection hole 1, a connecting drip irrigation head, a pipeline, a liquid injection automatic control valve 2 and a cable are designed and arranged at a proper position on the ground surface; osmometers and data cables are arranged in drill holes of a difficult-to-permeate area and a plastic area in a layered mode, and a battery/solar panel and a wireless transmission module are further installed on the ground surface; drilling holes in an ore body seepage and collection area and a bedrock liquid accumulation area to install a vacuum extraction well 3, and connecting a pipeline, a water-gas separator 7, a vacuum pump 8, a water pump and a control cable;
(6) delivering the immersion liquid to a drip irrigation pipeline through a high-pressure water pump, and injecting the immersion liquid into the ore body through the liquid injection hole 1; after the immersion liquid reacts with the rare earth ions in the ore body, the immersion liquid seeps into the vacuum extraction well 3 under the composite actions of gravity, capillary action, vacuum negative pressure and the like, so that the water-gas separation is completed in the water-gas separator 7, and the immersion liquid rich in the rare earth ions is separated to the liquid accumulation pool 9; directly feeding the clarified liquid in the liquid accumulation tank 9 into an adjusting tank 10, conveying the precipitate to a rare earth separation and extraction workshop, performing extraction and separation treatment by an extraction separator 11, separating to obtain a rare earth product and an immersion liquid, and feeding the immersion liquid into the adjusting tank 10; the liquid in the regulating reservoir 10 returns to the drip irrigation pipeline after being regulated by adding drugs; thereby realizing the cyclic operation of leaching-liquid collecting-leaching.
The basic principle of the implementation steps is that a bed rock anti-seepage bottom plate similar to heap leaching is constructed in situ, active extraction is carried out in the lateral direction or liquid accumulation area of an ore body so as to avoid lateral diffusion of liquid and improve the in-situ leaching efficiency. The specific in-situ anti-seepage structure of the bedrock baseplate is shown in figure 3, a rare earth ore body 14 is arranged below the surface covering soil 12, and the bedrock baseplate 15 is arranged below the rare earth ore body 14. A bedrock impermeable layer 16 is arranged between the rare earth ore body 14 and a bedrock bottom plate 15, and holes are drilled from the surface layer soil 12 at the upper end of the bedrock impermeable layer 16 to form grouting drill holes 13 which penetrate into the bottom of the rare earth ore body 14.
In the steps (2) and (3), the drilling holes required for constructing the bed rock base plate impervious layer need to be plugged, after the rare earth leaching is completed in the step (6), residual ore body medicament needs to be cleaned and recovered, all equipment related to the rare earth leaching is dismantled and the bed rock impervious base plate is damaged during ecological restoration of a mining area, so that an underground water system of the mining area is recovered.
Claims (4)
1. The seepage control in-situ mining method for the ionic rare earth is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, constructing a three-dimensional map of a mineral area by combining remote sensing data based on geological and hydrological exploration data of an in-situ leaching area to be developed, and then testing the material composition and physical property parameters of each mineral layer by adopting a representative mineral layer sample; the construction of the three-dimensional map of the mining area adopts GIS software, and the physical parameters comprise density, porosity, permeability coefficient and internal friction angle;
s2, detecting, verifying and analyzing the development conditions of faults, cracks and breakage of the bedrock bottom plate by using a comprehensive geophysical prospecting method on the basis of the three-dimensional map of the mining area, and delineating the immersion liquid leakage position in the bedrock bottom plate;
s3, drilling and grouting anti-seepage operation is designed and implemented at the ground surface position corresponding to the defined immersion liquid seepage position, an anti-seepage layer is constructed along the fault, the crack and the broken zone of the bedrock bottom plate, and the anti-seepage performance of the anti-seepage layer is tested;
s4, constructing a mining area three-dimensional seepage field on the basis of the bedrock base plate after anti-seepage treatment and the physical parameters obtained in the step S1, and further delineating a difficult seepage area, a plastic area, a seepage collection area and a liquid accumulation area in the ore body; ANSYS finite element analysis software is adopted for constructing the three-dimensional seepage field of the mining area;
s5, arranging a liquid injection hole and an automatic liquid injection device on the top of the ore body of the in-situ leaching area to be developed according to design, placing an infiltration line monitoring sensor in a difficult infiltration area and a plastic area, and installing vacuum extraction equipment in an infiltration collection area and an effusion area;
s6, the automatic liquid injection device, the saturation line monitoring sensor and the vacuum extraction equipment form an injection and extraction automatic control system, the injection and extraction automatic control system is debugged, in-situ 'leaching-liquid collecting-leaching' circulation operation is carried out, and in-situ seepage control mining of the ion adsorption type rare earth resource is realized.
2. The seepage control in-situ mining method of ionic rare earth according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the comprehensive geophysical prospecting method includes an anti-interference high-density resistivity method, a resistivity logging method, a sonic logging method, and an electromagnetic CT method, and one or more combinations of the methods are selected for detection, verification, and analysis according to the development conditions of faults, fractures, and fractures of the bedrock floor.
3. The seepage control in-situ mining method of ionic rare earth according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the grouting seepage prevention is performed using a mixed setting material composed of clay and cement.
4. The seepage control in-situ mining method of ionic rare earth according to claim 1, characterized in that: the automatic liquid injection device comprises a drip irrigation head, a pipeline, a liquid injection automatic control valve and a cable; the immersion line sensor comprises an electronic osmometer, an energy device and a wireless transmission module; the vacuum extraction equipment comprises a vacuum extraction well, an extraction automatic control valve, an extraction pipeline, a water-gas separator, a vacuum pump, a water pump and a control cable.
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| CN111622269B (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2022-04-19 | 中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所 | Method for preventing and controlling pollution of ion type rare earth shallow groundwater |
| CN112329972B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2023-11-10 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Ionic rare earth mine exploitation prediction method and system based on water environment capacity |
| CN113062374B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2022-03-04 | 东华大学 | Method for repairing bottom defects of falling-bottom type vertical separation barrier |
| CN113359635B (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2023-03-14 | 中国水利水电第九工程局有限公司 | Intelligent control method for quantitative, homogeneous and matching of ores |
| CN113418831B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-08-26 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | Resistivity tomography-based landslide revival simulation device and method |
| CN115704064B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-12-12 | 中国科学院赣江创新研究院 | System device and method for in-situ leaching exploitation test based on similar model construction |
| CN113866062B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-11-22 | 成都理工大学 | Ion type rare earth mining area bottom plate broken zone tracing and permeability characteristic analysis method |
| CN115058610B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2024-03-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Self-breaking cage anti-seepage agent and anti-seepage method |
| CN115198121A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-10-18 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Granite weathering shell type rare earth ore cage building in-situ leaching mining method |
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