CN113552652A - Comprehensive investigation method for ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive investigation method for an ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel, which aims at the current situation that the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel widely exists, and sequentially comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of geophysical exploration and interpretation, geophysical characteristic region geological drilling, borehole rock-soil testing and hydrogeological testing, geophysical constraint inversion, geological models and underground water seepage models, in-situ leaching exploitation simulation, blind leakage channel delineation, finally, the blind leakage channel in the mining range of a mining area can be accurately delineated, and the migration and diffusion process of the leaching from the blind leakage channel can be visually displayed through a three-dimensional model. The method effectively reduces the mechanical drilling workload, improves the working efficiency, and has little damage to the geological environment of the mining area; the method provides basic data support for design and construction of pollution prevention and control facilities in the in-situ leaching exploitation process of the ionic rare earth ore, and contributes to construction of ecological green and sustainable mines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ionic rare earth in-situ leaching exploitation, and particularly relates to a comprehensive investigation method for an invisibly leakage channel before the ionic rare earth in-situ leaching exploitation.
Background
The ionic rare earth is discovered and named for the first time in 1969 in China, is a rare earth deposit mainly containing heavy rare earth elements, and is an important component of global rare earth resources. The rare earth ions are widely distributed in south China, wherein the rare earth ions are adsorbed on clay minerals such as kaolin, montmorillonite and illite in an ionic form and can be eluted by electrolytes such as sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate and magnesium sulfate.
At present, the ionic rare earth is mainly mined by an in-situ leaching process, namely a mining method that an electrolyte solution is injected into a rare earth ore layer through a liquid injection hole, rare earth ions are selectively leached from clay minerals to generate soluble compounds, and the soluble compounds are collected. The process does not cut down forest trees, peel off surface covering soil, damage ore bodies, has low labor intensity and low production cost, can fully utilize low-grade rare earth resources, and is a relatively efficient, environment-friendly and economic mining mode. The process has high requirements on the properties of ore bodies and the integrity of bedrocks, the production, operation and management of mass production enterprises are extensive in the development and application process, the exploration on the properties of ore bodies and the integrity of bedrocks is neglected, only a simple liquid accumulation pipeline/roadway is constructed for recovering immersion liquid, a large amount of precious rare earth resources are diffused to the periphery of a mining area through a concealed underground leakage channel in the mining process, the resource loss is caused, the environmental pollution problems such as land salinization, landslide, underground water ammonia nitrogen standard exceeding and the like are caused, and the great loss is brought to the life health and the ecological environment of the mining area and the surrounding public.
Aiming at the current situation that an ion type rare earth ore hidden leakage channel widely exists, in order to avoid the problems of resource loss and water and soil pollution of an ore area caused by in-situ leaching exploitation due to the leakage channel, various departments and institutions and rare earth enterprises develop more researches, but still have no good solution. For example, a large number of mechanical drill holes are needed for single geological drilling exploration, and the problems of low efficiency, high cost, influence on in-situ leaching exploitation and the like exist; by adopting a single high-density resistivity method, the problems of poor water permeability of a low-resistance area, low accuracy of physical inversion between measuring lines, undefined boundary of a characteristic area and the like exist; by adopting two-dimensional shallow seismic exploration, insurmountable defects and limitations of a W.S.French model exist; by adopting geophysical and geological drilling combined exploration, underground seepage flow is greatly changed in the leaching exploitation process, and the problems that hidden seepage channels on in-situ underground water lines are invalid or not defined and the like still exist.
Based on the problems of single or combined mining area geological exploration, the method is based on the summary of multiple field tests. The invention provides a comprehensive investigation method for an ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel by combining the technical means of geophysical exploration, hydrogeological test, geological drilling exploration and numerical simulation. The invention can effectively solve the problem of difficulty of single geological exploration, provides basic data support for design and construction of pollution prevention and control facilities in the in-situ leaching exploitation process of the ionic rare earth ore, and is beneficial to construction of ecological green and sustainable mines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a comprehensive exploration method for an ion type rare earth ore concealed leakage channel, which aims to solve the resource environment problem caused by the concealed underground leakage channel in the ion type rare earth in-situ leaching exploitation process, and is based on the common geological characteristics of small topographic height difference of an ion type rare earth mineralization area, shallow rock-magma basement burial, shallow stratum basement fracture crack development, obvious differential weathering and the like, and the advantages and the characteristics of geophysical exploration, hydrogeological test, geological drilling exploration and numerical simulation technical means are reasonably utilized by combining the technical characteristics of in-situ leaching exploitation.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel comprehensive investigation method comprises the following steps:
A. according to the basic data of the ion type rare earth mine area, developing a data acquisition observation system design which mainly uses shallow seismic exploration and assists high-density resistivity method measurement;
B. acquiring and processing observation data of shallow seismic exploration and a high-density resistivity method, analyzing the interpretation result of wave velocity and resistivity data in an exploitation range, and indicating a geophysical exploration characteristic region of a suspected hidden leakage channel;
C. carrying out geological drilling coring, rock-soil testing and hydrogeological testing, determining stratum lithology, geological structure, hydrogeological parameters and the like, and measuring physical parameters of rock-soil such as porosity, moisture content, resistivity, wave velocity and the like;
D. constraining the interpretation result of the physical exploration data in the step B by the abundant drilling geological parameters obtained in the step C;
E. integrating the geological condition parameters obtained in the steps A to D, and constructing a three-dimensional geological model and a three-dimensional underground water seepage model of the mining area by using GOCAD, MODFLOW and other software;
F. the immersion liquid migration rule under the in-situ leaching exploitation condition is simulated by using a three-dimensional underground water seepage model, so that the hidden leakage passage in the exploitation range is accurately defined, and the monitoring, prevention and control facility construction of the in-situ leaching exploitation is guided.
Further, in the step a, the basic data includes mining area mining range, geological structure background, geographic environmental characteristics and the like.
Further, in the step A, the shallow seismic exploration is mainly used for detecting the wave velocity difference of the rock-soil stratum in the mining range of the mining area so as to interpret geological information of each stratum, wherein the geological information at least comprises buried depth, attitude, thickness and fracture distribution information. Generally, the resolution in a mining area is low, and the resolution of the edge of the mining area is high; the reason is that the surface water of the ionic rare earth mining area is rich, the underground water level is high, and immersion liquid leakage is difficult to vertically migrate and easy to horizontally migrate. Wherein, the general depth of the rock-soil stratum of the shallow seismic exploration is 200-300 meters of burial depth.
Further, in the step A, the high-density resistivity method measurement is mainly used for detecting the resistivity difference of the rock stratum in the mining range of the mining area, further interpreting the fracture water content or pore water content characteristics of each stratum and defining the spatial distribution of the underground water-resisting layer. Usually, the development is carried out in a two-dimensional profile survey mode, and the resolution is low in a mining area and high at the edge of the mining area. Wherein, the general depth of the geotechnical stratum measured by the high-density resistivity method is 150-200 meters of buried depth.
Furthermore, in the step A, the shallow seismic exploration is taken as a main part, and the high-density resistivity method measurement is taken as an auxiliary part, because the shallow seismic exploration can better detect the spatial fluctuation and fracture distribution of the stratum, and the shallow seismic exploration has high resolution, large exploration depth, good terrain adaptability and convenient arrangement; the high-density resistivity method has low sensitivity to stratum boundary, small depth of exploration, and insufficient adaptability to large-altitude-difference terrains, and a survey line needs to extend out of a detection area.
Further, in step a, the data acquisition and observation system design includes: device equipment, resolution, observation beam direction, offset, workload, measurement mode, and other content.
Further, in step B, the physical exploration characteristic region of the suspected hidden leakage channel is: and measuring a high resistivity region in the stratum with the medium and low resistivity or a resistivity region in the stratum with the high resistivity by a high density resistivity method in the high wave velocity region in the stratum with the medium and low wave velocity or the low wave velocity region in the stratum with the medium and low wave velocity in shallow seismic exploration.
Furthermore, in the step C, the geological drilling coring and the hydrogeological test are both unfolded in the physical exploration characteristic area of the suspected hidden leakage channel, the hydrogeological test hole and the geological drilling can be shared, and the rock-soil core sample obtained by the geological drilling coring is used for carrying out the rock-soil test.
Further, in step C, the hydrogeological test in the geological borehole comprises: water injection test, water pumping test, water pressing test, natural water level measurement, natural potential measurement and dispersion (tracing) test.
Further, in step D, the borehole geological parameters include: stratum lithology, stratum thickness, rock-soil composition structure and geological structure obtained by geological drilling coring; obtaining physical parameters such as porosity, water content, resistivity, wave speed and the like through rock-soil testing; hydrogeological parameters obtained by carrying out in-situ hydrogeological tests such as water injection, water pressing, water pumping, dispersion, water level measurement and the like on a drill hole: diving level, permeability coefficient, water guide coefficient, water level conductivity coefficient, pressure conductivity coefficient, water supply degree, water release coefficient and overflow coefficient.
Further, in step D, the constraint of the borehole geological parameters on the interpretation result of the physical exploration data in step B is mainly represented as: and precisely describing the contents of a stratum interface, a fracture development degree, a characteristic region boundary and the like.
Further, the geological and geographical condition parameters for constructing the three-dimensional geological model of the mining area and the three-dimensional groundwater seepage model in the step E at least include: rainfall, rainfall infiltration coefficient, topography, stratum structure, geotechnical properties, water/water-resisting layer thickness, diving level, stratum permeability coefficient, stratum water supply degree, underground water supply and drainage conditions, hydrological boundary conditions, underground water migration speed and the like. Wherein: the parameters which can be obtained in the step A mainly comprise: landform, rainfall, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, groundwater type, groundwater recharge and drainage conditions, hydrological boundary conditions, groundwater migration speed; the parameters that can be obtained in step D mainly include: the formation lithology, the moisture content/water barrier thickness, the ground that get are got through geology drilling and are constituteed structure, geological structure, the rerum natura parameter such as porosity, moisture content, resistivity, wave speed that obtains through the ground test, develop the hydrogeological parameter that water injection, pressurized water, draw water, dispersion, normal position hydrographic experiment such as water level survey obtained through driling: diving level, permeability coefficient, water guide coefficient, water level conductivity coefficient, pressure conductivity coefficient, water supply degree, water release coefficient and overflow coefficient.
Further, the in-situ leaching mining conditions in step F include: the injection range, the injection well depth, the injection strength and the like in the injection engineering, and the size, the depth, the spatial layout and the like of the liquid receiving well pipe in the liquid receiving engineering.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by taking the geophysical exploration technology as a main technology and taking the geological drilling exploration, the hydrogeological test and the numerical simulation technology as an auxiliary technology, the mechanical drilling workload is effectively reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and the damage to the geological environment of a mining area is extremely small.
2. Two geophysical attributes of a geologic body of a mining area are measured and obtained through a three-dimensional shallow seismic exploration method and a high-density resistivity method, and the geological drilling exploration of a characteristic area is combined, so that the multi-interpretative problem of interpretation of a single geophysical exploration method can be effectively restrained, and the blind leakage channel can be accurately defined.
3. The hydrogeological test, the geological drilling exploration and the geophysical exploration are combined, so that the underground hydrogeological condition can be described more effectively. Such as the distribution of water barriers, hydraulic connections between strata, seepage effects of special geologic bodies, etc.
4. And a three-dimensional geological model and a three-dimensional underground water seepage model are constructed through GOCAD, MODFLOW and other software, so that the spatial distribution characteristics of the hidden seepage channel can be displayed more clearly and visually.
5. The three-dimensional underground water seepage model is combined with the three-dimensional geological model, so that seepage migration in the in-situ leaching process can be displayed more accurately, and the hidden seepage channel can be accurately defined.
6. The invention is widely applicable to various kinds of ion-type rare earth mines, can clearly and visually display the hidden leakage channel, supports the construction of monitoring, prevention and control facilities of in-situ leaching exploitation, and is beneficial to controlling the problems of resource loss and environmental pollution in the exploitation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a workflow according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a high-density resistivity profile according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a shallow seismic section interpretation diagram of an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects and technical embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The embodiments provided herein will convey the invention to those skilled in the art a full and complete appreciation of the invention can be gained by taking the entire specification, claims, drawings, and abstract as a whole. It should be noted that the present invention can be embodied in many different forms, and the specific embodiments described herein should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The embodiment provides a comprehensive investigation method for an ion-type rare earth ore blind leakage channel, which comprises geological data arrangement, geophysical investigation, geological drilling, hydrogeological test and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) geological data arrangement
Before carrying out comprehensive exploration on the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel, collecting geological data related to an exploitation area to enterprises to which the mining area belongs, units for carrying out early-stage geological exploration and national/local geological data management departments as much as possible, acquiring parameters of regional landform, mineral geology, engineering geology, hydrogeology and environmental geological conditions through sorting and analysis, and analyzing difficult and complicated problems and data achievements in detail if geophysical exploration data of similar regions exist.
According to the mining area geological data arrangement result, the design work of an observation system for geophysical exploration in the mining range is carried out, and the device equipment, the resolution ratio, the observation wire harness direction, the shot-geophone distance, the workload, the measurement mode and other contents are determined by considering a plurality of aspects such as the landform, the hydrogeological condition, the bedrock buried depth, the weathering layer thickness, the trend of possible broken fractures, the physical property parameters of rock and soil bodies in the exploration area.
(2) Geophysical prospecting
According to the production plan and the construction period requirement of a mine enterprise, a detailed construction scheme and a working progress are compiled by referring to related geophysical prospecting industry standards, observation equipment such as surface elements/survey lines are manually cleared, detectors/electrodes are laid and the like are organized according to scheme design, after test verification and multi-method comparison are carried out on geophysical prospecting instrument equipment according to conditions such as resolution, data deviation and the like, working parameters of the equipment are determined, and data acquisition and inspection work which is not less than twice is carried out at different time periods is carried out, so that the authenticity and reliability of data are guaranteed. And after the field operation of each surface element/measuring line is finished, providing the sketch, the elevation profile of the detection point, the qualified measuring line notice and the measurement result for an interpreter in time.
TABLE 1 resistivity parameter table for different rock and soil in certain ion type rare earth mining area
TABLE 2 wave velocity parameter table for different rock and soil in certain ion type rare earth mining area
An interpreter converts test data into a three-dimensional/profile interpretation map by using interpretation software, selects a geophysical exploration characteristic region and conducts geophysical interpretation on an abnormal region (a high-wave-velocity region in the same low-wave-velocity stratum in shallow seismic exploration, a low-resistivity region in the same high-resistivity stratum in high-density resistivity method measurement and a low-wave-velocity region in a high-wave-velocity stratum) by referring to a geotechnical physical property table (shown in tables 1 and 2).
(3) Geological drilling of characteristic regions
Aiming at the geophysical exploration characteristic region, the tissue personnel equipment carries out geological drilling work at the most representative point position and synchronously carries out the hydrogeological test of rock and soil sample acquisition and drilling. The method mainly comprises a water injection test, a water pumping test, a water pressing test, a natural water level measurement, a natural potential measurement and a dispersion test, basic hydrogeological parameters such as permeability coefficients, water supply degrees, water release coefficients and water level conductivity coefficients of different stratums are obtained, and hydraulic connection and the like between aquifers and between underground water and surface water are researched by combining natural water levels of a plurality of hole sites and natural potential differences.
And (3) carrying out physical property test on the rock-soil sample obtained by geological drilling, wherein the physical property test mainly comprises physical property and water physical parameters such as porosity, water content, water absorption, resistivity, wave speed and the like, and other parameters such as liquid plastic limit, shear strength, particle size distribution, density, cation exchange capacity and the like can be measured if needed.
(4) Geophysical constrained inversion
Accurately assigning values to the geophysical exploration characteristic region according to geotechnical test results, geological drilling records and hydrogeological test results of different hole sites, and performing constrained inversion in corresponding software, as shown in figures 2 and 3; geological borehole verification should be added if necessary to ensure the reliability of the constraint inversion results.
(5) Three-dimensional geological model and underground water seepage model
And (3) collating data information of earlier stage topographic mapping, geological drilling exploration, geophysical exploration, rock and soil test and hydrogeological test, and constructing a three-dimensional geological model and a three-dimensional underground water seepage model in the mining range by using GOCAD, MODFLOW and other software.
(6) Hidden leakage passage delineation
According to the condition parameters of in-situ leaching exploitation of mine enterprises, three-dimensional underground water seepage migration simulation in the leaching exploitation process is developed, the flow field change rule under different exploitation conditions is analyzed, and the three-dimensional geological model is combined to accurately define the hidden seepage channel in the exploitation range.
The condition parameters of in-situ leaching exploitation mainly comprise: the injection range, the injection well depth, the injection strength and the like in the injection engineering, and the size, the depth, the spatial layout and the like of the liquid receiving well pipe in the liquid receiving engineering.
Through the steps, the spatial distribution characteristics of the hidden leakage channel in the mining range can be clearly and visually displayed in the modes of horizontal/vertical slicing, three-dimensional rotation and the like in software, and the seepage migration in the in-situ leaching process is displayed. By applying the comprehensive exploration result of the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel, the mining technical level of a mine enterprise can be obviously improved, the construction of monitoring, prevention and control facilities for in-situ leaching mining is supported, the resource loss and environmental pollution problems in the mining process are favorably controlled, and the ecological harmonious mining area environment is favorably established.
Claims (10)
1. The comprehensive investigation method for the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. according to the basic data of the ion type rare earth mine area, developing a data acquisition observation system design which mainly uses shallow seismic exploration and assists high-density resistivity method measurement; the basic data comprises mining areas, geological structure backgrounds and geographic environment characteristics;
B. acquiring and processing observation data of shallow seismic exploration and a high-density resistivity method, analyzing the interpretation result of wave velocity and resistivity data in an exploitation range, and indicating a geophysical exploration characteristic region of a suspected hidden leakage channel;
C. carrying out geological drilling coring, rock-soil testing and hydrogeological testing, determining stratum lithology, geological structure and hydrogeological parameters, and determining physical parameters of rock-soil; the physical parameters of the rock soil at least comprise porosity, water content, resistivity and wave velocity;
D. constraining the interpretation result of the physical exploration data in the step B by the geological parameters of the drill hole obtained in the step C;
E. integrating the geological condition parameters obtained in the steps A to D, and constructing a three-dimensional geological model and a three-dimensional underground water seepage model of the mining area;
F. and simulating the immersion liquid migration rule under the in-situ leaching exploitation condition by using a three-dimensional underground water seepage model, further delineating an invisible leakage channel in the exploitation range, and guiding the construction of monitoring, prevention and control facilities of the in-situ leaching exploitation.
2. The comprehensive investigation method for the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A, the design of the data acquisition observation system at least comprises device equipment, resolution ratio, observation wire harness direction, offset, workload and measurement mode.
3. The comprehensive investigation method for the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A, the shallow seismic exploration is used for detecting the wave velocity difference of rock and soil strata in the mining range of the mining area so as to interpret geological information of each stratum, wherein the geological information at least comprises buried depth, attitude, thickness and fracture distribution information.
4. The comprehensive investigation method for the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step A, the high-density resistivity method is used for detecting the resistivity difference of the rock stratum in the mining range of the mining area, and further the fracture water content or pore water content characteristics of each stratum are interpreted, so that the spatial distribution of the underground water-resisting layer is determined.
5. The comprehensive investigation method for the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step B, the geophysical exploration characteristic region of the suspected hidden leakage channel comprises a high wave velocity region in a low wave velocity stratum or a low wave velocity region in a high wave velocity stratum in shallow seismic exploration, and a high resistivity region in a low resistivity stratum or a resistivity region in a high resistivity stratum measured by a high density resistivity method.
6. The comprehensive investigation method for the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step C, the geological drilling coring and the hydrogeological test are both developed in the physical exploration characteristic area of the suspected hidden leakage channel indicated in the step B, and the rock-soil core sample obtained by geological drilling is used for carrying out rock-soil test.
7. The comprehensive investigation method for the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step C, the hydrogeological test at least comprises: water injection test, water pumping test, water pressing test, natural water level measurement, natural potential measurement and dispersion test.
8. The comprehensive investigation method for the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step D, the borehole geological parameters include: stratum lithology, stratum thickness, rock-soil composition structure and geological structure obtained by geological drilling coring; porosity, water content, resistivity and wave velocity obtained through rock-soil testing; hydrogeological parameters obtained by carrying out corresponding in-situ hydrogeological tests of water injection, water pressing, water pumping, dispersion and water level determination in a drill hole: diving level, permeability coefficient, water guide coefficient, water level conductivity coefficient, pressure conductivity coefficient, water supply degree, water release coefficient and overflow coefficient; and B, the constraint of the drilling geological parameters on the interpretation result of the physical exploration data in the step B is represented by accurate description on a stratum interface, the development degree of a fracture and a characteristic region boundary.
9. The comprehensive investigation method for the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step E, the geological condition parameters at least include: rainfall, rainfall infiltration coefficient, landform, stratum structure, geotechnical physical properties, water/water-resisting layer thickness, diving level, stratum permeability coefficient, stratum water supply degree, underground water supply and drainage conditions, hydrological boundary conditions and underground water migration speed.
10. The comprehensive investigation method for the ion type rare earth ore blind leakage channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step F, the in situ leaching mining conditions at least include: the liquid injection range, the depth and the liquid injection strength of the liquid injection engineering and the size, the depth and the spatial layout of the liquid receiving well pipe in the liquid receiving engineering.
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