CN110048099A - Electrode material of sodium-ion battery and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Electrode material of sodium-ion battery and its preparation method and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110048099A
CN110048099A CN201910243610.7A CN201910243610A CN110048099A CN 110048099 A CN110048099 A CN 110048099A CN 201910243610 A CN201910243610 A CN 201910243610A CN 110048099 A CN110048099 A CN 110048099A
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China
Prior art keywords
sodium
ion battery
bismuth
electrode material
preparation
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CN201910243610.7A
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许运华
熊佩勋
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention belongs to field of batteries, and in particular to a kind of electrode material of sodium-ion battery and its preparation method and application.Preparation method includes the following steps: that using bismuth citrate as raw material, directly under an inert atmosphere 600-1000 DEG C calcining is prepared, and obtains the bismuth@carbon nano-composite material of core-shell structure.Bismuth@carbon composite nano-material of the invention has high dispersibility and stability, sodium-ion battery reversible capacity with higher and excellent cyclical stability, it is ideal sodium ion battery electrode material, can be widely applied to the fields such as various electric cars and aerospace.

Description

Electrode material of sodium-ion battery and its preparation method and application
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of batteries, and in particular to a kind of electrode material of sodium-ion battery and preparation method thereof and answer With.
Background technique
Since the 21th century, while global economy is grown rapidly, as the coke of main energy sources, petroleum and natural The fossil fuels such as gas are increasingly depleted.Meanwhile traditional fossil energy can generate the nocuousness such as a large amount of nitrogen oxides in combustion Substance, environmental pollution are constantly aggravating.Conservation of nature environment and resource realize human kind sustainable development, tap a new source of energy and can Regeneration clean energy resource has become a top priority.The shadow by region and weather such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy in new energy It rings, cannot be widely used.In many new energy technologies, electrochmical power source with its cleaning, safety and it is convenient the advantages that in state Increasingly important role is played in people's economy and daily life.In numerous electrochmical power sources, lithium ion battery is due to tool Have the advantages that high-energy density, cost is relatively low, long circulation life, memory-less effect, high power density and high working voltage, always It is the emphasis and hot spot of domestic and international scientist's research.However, demand of the lithium electricity industry to lithium resource is continuously increased, so that on ground Reserves in shell are limited and the lithium resource aggravation that is unevenly distributed is reduced, and cause continuing to increase for cost, this, which will become, restricts One bottleneck of lithium electricity industry development.Therefore, rich using reserves on earth from the point of view of energy development and the long-range demand utilized Usually development cost is low, electrochmical power source system highly-safe and have extended cycle life is an important task for rich member.Sodium from Sub- battery has many advantages, such as richer sodium resource, highly-safe, thus develops the sodium ion electricity for extensive stored energy application Pool technology can alleviate the problem of lithium resource shortage, have great strategy and realistic meaning.
Currently, more and more nano materials are widely studied initially as sodium ion battery electrode material, wherein metal Bismuth is increasingly becoming the research of novel anode material of lithium-ion battery due to theoretical capacity with higher and preferable security performance One of hot spot.But as most of material, bismuth can generate biggish bulk effect, lead to electricity during removing sodium embedding sodium It the dusting of pole material and falls off, so that its performance be made substantially to decay, it is suppressed that application of the bismuth as anode material of lithium-ion battery.
The method for improving bismuth negative electrode material chemical property mainly prepares carbon composite, nanosizing and alloying etc. Method, wherein its cycle performance and high rate performance can be significantly improved by preparing carbon composite and nanosizing, with carbon it is compound after can be with Enhance its electric conductivity, conductive network is formed, moreover, the bismuth material of nanosizing can effectively inhibit to cause due to embedding sodium removing sodium process Bulk effect, effectively come into full contact with electrolyte, increase substantially its battery performance.The bismuth carbon of traditional nanosizing is compound The preparation of object process is complicated, and low output limits large-scale application of the bismuth metal nano material on sodium-ion battery.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide electrode materials of a kind of sodium-ion battery and its preparation method and application.
The present invention to achieve the above object, using following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of the electrode material of sodium-ion battery, using bismuth citrate as raw material, directly in inert atmosphere Lower 600-1000 DEG C of calcining is prepared, and obtains the bismuth@carbon nano-composite material of core-shell structure.
The invention also includes a kind of electrode materials of sodium-ion battery, are obtained by above-mentioned preparation method, the nucleocapsid The diameter of the bismuth@carbon nano-composite material of structure is between 8-28nm.
The invention also includes the applications of the electrode material of the sodium-ion battery described in one kind, are applied to preparation work electrode, Specific steps are as follows:
1) electrode material of sodium-ion battery, acetylene black and binder PVDF are mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 8:1:1 Uniformly, NMP is added dropwise according to the concentration of 15mg/mL PVDF/NMP, uniform slurry is prepared in grinding;
2) above-mentioned slurry is uniformly coated on round copper foil, and is dried in vacuo 12h at 110 DEG C;
3) copper foil of above-mentioned drying is used as working electrode.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) present invention uses commercialization and low-cost sodium citrate is raw material;(2) simple heat-treating methods are used The bismuth carbon nano-composite material with polymolecularity is prepared, the small feature of their low dimensional and size is conducive to react Substance and active material come into full contact with and the progress of charge and discharge, and bismuth@carbon composite is highly stable in cyclic process; (3) gained bismuth@carbon composite nano-material preparation method is very simple, is suitable for large scale preparation;(4) bismuth@carbon is compound obtained by receives When rice material is used as the electrode material of sodium-ion battery, there is excellent circulation and high rate performance, in 0.8A g-1Electric current under, After 3000 circle of circulation, capacity can respectively reach 277.7mA h g-1, capacity retention ratio is respectively 97%.
To sum up, bismuth@carbon composite nano-material of the invention has high dispersibility and stability, sodium ion with higher Battery reversible capacity and excellent cyclical stability are ideal sodium ion battery electrode materials, be can be widely applied to each The kind fields such as electric car and aerospace;In addition, the material can pass through repetition from low-cost bismuth citrate raw material Property it is high, process is simple, time-consuming few technique prepares, be suitable for industrialized production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the morphology characterization figure of the bismuth@carbon nano-composite material of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the size distribution plot of embodiment 1;
The battery performance charging and discharging curve of Fig. 3 bismuth@carbon nano-composite material of the present invention;
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is the battery performance test result figure of bismuth@carbon nano-composite material of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand technical solution of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing and most The present invention is described in further detail for good embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of electrode material of sodium-ion battery, is made by the steps to obtain:
(1) by commercialized bismuth citrate under the argon gas stream of 100-200cc/min, with the heating speed liter of 2 DEG C/min For temperature to 900 DEG C, heat preservation 2h obtains product;
Gained bismuth@carbon nano-composite material pattern is characterized, as a result referring to Fig. 1-2.Bismuth@carbon nano-composite material The diameter of particle is between 8-28nm.
Fig. 1 is the morphology characterization of the bismuth@carbon nano-composite material of the embodiment of the present invention 1 as a result, wherein (a) is the saturating of low power Penetrate electron microscope (TEM), it was demonstrated that it is with good dispersibility, and size is between 8-28nm;It (b) is the nano combined material of bismuth@carbon The high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens figure (HRTEM) of material, it was demonstrated that it is the mono-crystalline structures of bismuth;
Fig. 2 is the size distribution plot of embodiment 1;
Acquired bismuth carbon nano-composite material is made into working electrode according to method provided by the present invention and is carried out corresponding Electrochemical property test, specific steps are as follows:
1) electrode material of sodium-ion battery, acetylene black and binder PVDF are mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 8:1:1 Uniformly, NMP is added dropwise according to the concentration of 15mg/mL (PVDF/NMP), uniform slurry is prepared in grinding;
2) above-mentioned slurry is uniformly coated on round copper foil, and 110 DEG C of dryings of vacuum, drying time 12h;
3) copper foil of above-mentioned drying is used as working electrode.
It is as follows to the test method of the chemical property of electrode material:
(1) it is tested using button CR2032 type system, wherein being metallic sodium piece to electrode, above-mentioned battery assembly is in hand It is carried out in casing.
(2) test content includes the reversible capacity of electrode material, and stable circulation performance is tested using constant current charge-discharge Analysis.Charging/discharging voltage window are as follows: 0.01-1.5V (vs.Na+/Na)。
As a result as follows: the bismuth@carbon composite nano-material that preparation is calcined at 900 DEG C is used as anode material of lithium-ion battery When, there is most excellent cycle performance, in 0.8Ag-1Electric current under, circulation 3000 circle after, capacity reaches 277.7mA h g-1, capacity retention ratio 97%.
Embodiment 2: embodiment 2 and the difference of embodiment 1 are only that calcination temperature is different, and calcination temperature is 600 DEG C.
Embodiment 3: embodiment 3 and the difference of embodiment 1 are only that calcination temperature is different, and calcination temperature is 1000 DEG C.
Fig. 3 is the nano combined material of bismuth@carbon that the present invention is prepared under different calcination temperatures (600 DEG C, 900 DEG C and 1000 DEG C) Charging and discharging curve when expecting as anode material of lithium-ion battery.
Fig. 4 is that the bismuth@carbon of the invention that preparation is calcined under 600 DEG C (embodiments 2) and 1000 DEG C (embodiment 3) is nano combined The cycle performance test result of material.
Fig. 5 is that present invention cycle performance of the bismuth@carbon nano-composite material of (embodiment 1) calcining preparation at 900 DEG C is surveyed Test result.
Under 600 DEG C of calcination temperature, organic group carbonization is insufficient in bismuth citrate, the not no quilt completely of active constituent bismuth Reduction, causes capacity relatively low.Under 1000 DEG C of calcination temperature, organic group carbonization sufficiently causes very much outer layer carbon shell on the low side, no The fully wrapped around bismuth nano particle of energy, in addition the fusing point of bismuth is lower (271 DEG C), and not wrapped bismuth particle can regelation after cooling Blocky bismuth is formed, will cause biggish volume expansion when sodium ion insertion, so that cycle life is not grown.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention Thought, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range, and the content of the present specification should not be construed as to the present invention Limitation.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of preparation method of the electrode material of sodium-ion battery, which is characterized in that using bismuth citrate as raw material, directly exist 600-1000 DEG C of calcining is prepared under inert atmosphere, obtains the bismuth@carbon nano-composite material of core-shell structure.
2. a kind of electrode material for the sodium-ion battery that preparation method according to claim 1 obtains, which is characterized in that institute The bismuth@carbon nano-composite material diameter for the core-shell structure stated is between 8-28nm.
3. a kind of application of the electrode material of sodium-ion battery as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that be applied to preparation work Electrode, specific steps are as follows:
1) electrode material of sodium-ion battery, acetylene black and binder PVDF are uniformly mixed according to the ratio of mass ratio 8:1:1, NMP is added dropwise according to the concentration of 15mg/mL PVDF/NMP, uniform slurry is prepared in grinding;
2) above-mentioned slurry is uniformly coated on round copper foil, and is dried in vacuo 12h at 110 DEG C;
3) copper foil of above-mentioned drying is used as working electrode.
4. the application of the electrode material of sodium-ion battery according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the work electricity Pole, in 0.8A g-1Electric current under, circulation 3000 circle after, capacity reaches 277.7mA h g-1, capacity retention ratio 97%.
CN201910243610.7A 2019-03-28 2019-03-28 Electrode material of sodium-ion battery and its preparation method and application Pending CN110048099A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113571682A (en) * 2021-07-29 2021-10-29 广东工业大学 Bismuth/carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN113839038A (en) * 2021-08-12 2021-12-24 山东大学 MOF-derived Bi @ C nano composite electrode material and preparation method thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107195894A (en) * 2017-07-06 2017-09-22 北京化工大学 A kind of metal carbon nano-fiber composite material and its preparation method and application
CN107887602A (en) * 2017-09-27 2018-04-06 北京化工大学 A kind of classifying porous charcoal nanometer sheet electrode material of nitrogen oxygen codope and its preparation method and application
CN108178157A (en) * 2018-05-02 2018-06-19 中航锂电(江苏)有限公司 A kind of sodium-ion battery negative material and its application and preparation method
CN108480623A (en) * 2018-04-25 2018-09-04 北京化工大学 A kind of magnanimity preparation method of ultra-thin carbon-coated metallic nano-particles

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107195894A (en) * 2017-07-06 2017-09-22 北京化工大学 A kind of metal carbon nano-fiber composite material and its preparation method and application
CN107887602A (en) * 2017-09-27 2018-04-06 北京化工大学 A kind of classifying porous charcoal nanometer sheet electrode material of nitrogen oxygen codope and its preparation method and application
CN108480623A (en) * 2018-04-25 2018-09-04 北京化工大学 A kind of magnanimity preparation method of ultra-thin carbon-coated metallic nano-particles
CN108178157A (en) * 2018-05-02 2018-06-19 中航锂电(江苏)有限公司 A kind of sodium-ion battery negative material and its application and preparation method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113571682A (en) * 2021-07-29 2021-10-29 广东工业大学 Bismuth/carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN113839038A (en) * 2021-08-12 2021-12-24 山东大学 MOF-derived Bi @ C nano composite electrode material and preparation method thereof

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