CN108091868B - Multi-dimensional composite high-performance lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-dimensional composite high-performance lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-dimensional composite high-performance lithium ion battery cathode material and a preparation method thereof. The product of the invention is a zero-dimensional/one-dimensional/two-dimensional ternary composite structure, wherein the submicron spheres inhibit the stacking of graphene, the nanorods have the directional transportation effect on electrons and ions, and the reduced graphene oxide sheets are used as a matrix to improve the conductivity of an active material and relieve the stress of volume expansion of a transition metal oxide in the charging and discharging processes. The result shows that the multi-dimensional synergistic effect enables the ternary composite material to have high capacity and cycling stability when being used as the lithium ion battery cathode material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-performance lithium ion battery cathode material Fe3O4Submicron spheres/Co3O4A preparation technology for compounding three materials of an oxide nanorod/a reduced graphene oxide nanosheet belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery cathode materials.
Background
Lithium ion batteries have attracted more and more attention in the field of new energy because of their advantages of high energy density, no pollution, small self-discharge, long life, and the like. However, in order to meet the increasing demand for large-scale energy storage applications, it remains a great challenge to develop a negative electrode material having a high specific capacity at a high current density.
Currently, research on lithium ion negative electrode materials has mainly focused on carbon materials, transition metal oxides, and silicon. Transition metal oxides have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to high specific capacity and high safety in use. However, the transition metal oxide has problems of low conductivity, low cycle stability, and the like in the practical application process.
Many studies have shown that the electrochemical properties of transition metal oxides can be improved by structural manipulation. But single particles, wires/rods are prone to agglomeration during the preparation process, which reduces the electrochemical performance. Further research shows that the combination of zero-dimensional particles, one-dimensional rods and two-dimensional sheets can effectively overcome the defects and improve the electrochemical performance of the transition metal oxide by utilizing the synergistic effect of the zero-dimensional particles, the one-dimensional rods and the two-dimensional sheets. Kim et al 2011 reported in the journal of carbon by Co preparation3O4The binary mixed material of the particles and the flake rGO improves the conductivity of the electrode material. 2016 report Fe in journal of Nano research3O4The nanorod is mixed with the flaky rGO, and the prepared material has better electrochemical performance when being used as a lithium ion battery cathode. In 2014, the ternary multilevel multi-dimensional structure composite material and the preparation method thereof are prepared by preparing zero-dimensional metal oxide particles/TiO2The TiO content of the nano-rod/graphene ternary composite material is improved2Low specific capacity and low conductivity. But in which TiO is2(theoretical specific capacity 167 mAh. g-1) As the major phase, the metal oxide exists as a minor phase, limiting the specific capacity of the entire electrode.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a ternary and multidimensional Fe3O4/Co3O4the/rGO material can improve the capacity and the cycling stability of the battery when being applied to the lithium ion battery material by utilizing the synergistic effect of the composite structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to high-performance ternary Fe3O4Submicron particle/Co3O4The preparation method of the nanorod/rGO nanosheet compounded lithium ion battery negative electrode material comprises the following steps:
step one, adding ferric nitrate hexahydrate and cobalt nitrate tetrahydrate into a container filled with deionized water, changing the molar ratio of the ferric nitrate to the cobalt nitrate to be 0.75:2, 1.00:2 and 1.25:2 respectively, and stirring until nitrate is completely dissolved in water; meanwhile, adding urea and ammonium fluoride into a container filled with deionized water, and stirring until the urea and the ammonium fluoride are completely dissolved in the water; transferring the urea and ammonium fluoride solution into a container filled with a metal nitrate solution, and stirring and mixing for 20-40 minutes;
step two, dripping the solution obtained in the step one into a container containing graphene oxide, changing the concentration of the graphene oxide, and sequentially: 3.5mg/mL, 7mg/mL and 14mg/mL, stirring and mixing for 20-40 minutes, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30-60 minutes;
transferring the mixed solution into a stainless steel reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction in a drying oven at the temperature of 140-200 ℃ for 10-16 hours; and after the reaction is finished, centrifuging the product for three times by using deionized water, centrifuging the product for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the obtained black sample in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 20-24 hours.
And step four, grinding the product obtained in the step three, and then calcining the product in a tubular furnace at 200-350 ℃ for 1-3 hours to obtain the ternary multi-dimensional composite material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method adopts a one-step hydrothermal method to generate Fe on graphene oxide in situ3O4And Co3O4And the solvent is deionized water, so that the process is simple and easy to operate, the cost is low, the mass production is easy, and the prepared material has good performance.
2. The product of the invention has Co3O4The nano rod has a porous structure, so that the nano rod has extremely high porosity and large specific surface area, on one hand, the contact area of the active material and the electrolyte is increased, and the electrode reaction dynamic performance is improved; on the other hand bufferCo3O4Volume expansion effect during charge and discharge cycles.
3. The product of the invention is Fe3O4Submicron particle/Co3O4Ternary composites of nanorod/rGO nanoplates with Fe3O4The particles can inhibit stacking of graphene nanoplatelets, Co3O4The nano-rods can directionally transport electrons and ions, and the rGO sheet can improve the conductivity of the whole electrode and relieve Fe at the same time as a substrate3O4Particles and Co3O4The volume expansion stress of the rod, and the obtained ternary composite material has higher specific capacity and cycling stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1(a) is an XRD pattern of a ternary composite lithium ion battery anode material obtained in example 4 of the present invention, wherein ▽ represents Fe3O4And ◆ represents Co3O4(ii) a FIG. 1(b) is a Raman spectrum of the ternary composite material of example 4.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a ternary composite material obtained in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron micrograph of the ternary composite material obtained in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the cycle performance of the ternary composite material obtained in example 4 of the present invention at a current density of 1000 mA hg−1The voltage range is 0.01-3V. After 500 cycles, the specific capacity is maintained at 1351.1 mA h g−1The coulombic efficiency is 99.7%, and the capacity retention rate is as high as 81%.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing rate capability of the ternary composite material obtained in example 4 of the present invention when the current density is 10A/g. The specific capacity is kept to be 369.3 mA h g−1。
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the drawings and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1
(1) Sequentially adding 0.75mmol of ferric nitrate hexahydrate and 2.00mmol of cobalt nitrate tetrahydrate into a beaker filled with 30mL of deionized water, and magnetically stirring until the ferric nitrate hexahydrate and the cobalt nitrate tetrahydrate are completely dissolved to obtain a solution A; meanwhile, 5mmol of urea and 2mmol of ammonium fluoride are added into a beaker filled with 30mL of deionized water, and the mixture is magnetically stirred until the urea and the ammonium fluoride are completely dissolved, and the solution is marked as a solution B; mixing the solution A and the solution B, and magnetically stirring for 20 minutes;
(2) dripping the solution into a beaker filled with 10mL of graphene oxide, stirring and mixing the graphene oxide with the concentration of 3.5mg/mL for 30 minutes, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes;
(3) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step into a 100mL hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction in a drying oven at 140 ℃ for 10 hours; after the reaction is finished, centrifuging the product for three times by using deionized water, then centrifuging the product for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the obtained black sample in a freeze drying oven for 24 hours;
(4) the sample obtained in the above step was put into an agate mortar for grinding, and then transferred to a tube furnace, and calcined at 200 ℃ for 3 hours in an air atmosphere.
Example 2
(1) Sequentially adding 1.00 mmol of ferric nitrate hexahydrate and 2.00mmol of cobalt nitrate tetrahydrate into a beaker filled with 30mL of deionized water, and magnetically stirring until the ferric nitrate hexahydrate and the cobalt nitrate tetrahydrate are completely dissolved to obtain a solution A; meanwhile, 5mmol of urea and 2mmol of ammonium fluoride are added into a beaker filled with 30mL of deionized water, and the mixture is magnetically stirred until the urea and the ammonium fluoride are completely dissolved, and the solution is marked as a solution B; mixing the solution A and the solution B, and magnetically stirring for 30 minutes;
(2) dripping the solution into a beaker filled with 10mL of graphene oxide, stirring and mixing the graphene oxide with the concentration of 3.5mg/mL for 35 minutes, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 60 minutes;
(3) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step into a 100mL hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction in a drying oven at 160 ℃ for 12 hours; after the reaction is finished, centrifuging the product for three times by using deionized water, then centrifuging the product for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the obtained black sample in a freeze drying oven for 24 hours;
(4) and grinding the sample obtained in the step in an agate mortar, transferring the ground sample to a tubular furnace, and calcining the ground sample for 1 hour at 350 ℃ in an air atmosphere.
Example 3
(1) Sequentially adding 1.25 mmol of ferric nitrate hexahydrate and 2.00mmol of cobalt nitrate tetrahydrate into a beaker filled with 30mL of deionized water, and magnetically stirring until the ferric nitrate hexahydrate and the cobalt nitrate tetrahydrate are completely dissolved to obtain a solution A; meanwhile, 5mmol of urea and 2mmol of ammonium fluoride are added into a beaker filled with 30mL of deionized water, and the mixture is magnetically stirred until the urea and the ammonium fluoride are completely dissolved, and the solution is marked as a solution B; mixing the solution A and the solution B, and magnetically stirring for 40 minutes;
(2) dripping the solution into a beaker filled with 10mL of graphene oxide, stirring and mixing the graphene oxide with the concentration of 3.5mg/mL for 20 minutes, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 45 minutes;
(3) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step into a 100mL hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 14 hours in a drying oven at 200 ℃; after the reaction is finished, centrifuging the product for three times by using deionized water, then centrifuging the product for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the obtained black sample in a freeze drying oven for 22 hours;
(4) the sample obtained in the above step was put into an agate mortar for grinding, and then transferred to a tube furnace, and calcined at 250 ℃ for 2.5 hours in an air atmosphere.
Example 4
(1) Sequentially adding 1.00 mmol of ferric nitrate hexahydrate and 2.00mmol of cobalt nitrate tetrahydrate into a beaker filled with 30mL of deionized water, and magnetically stirring until the ferric nitrate hexahydrate and the cobalt nitrate tetrahydrate are completely dissolved to obtain a solution A; meanwhile, 5mmol of urea and 2mmol of ammonium fluoride are added into a beaker filled with 30mL of deionized water, and the mixture is magnetically stirred until the urea and the ammonium fluoride are completely dissolved, and the solution is marked as a solution B; mixing the solution A and the solution B, and magnetically stirring for 30 minutes;
(2) dripping the solution into a beaker filled with 10mL of graphene oxide, stirring and mixing the graphene oxide with the concentration of 7.0mg/mL for 30 minutes, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes;
(3) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step into a 100mL hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction in a drying oven at 180 ℃ for 12 hours; after the reaction is finished, soaking the product in deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 12 hours, and drying the obtained black sample in a freeze drying oven for 20 hours;
(4) the sample obtained in the above step was put into an agate mortar for grinding, and then transferred to a tube furnace, and calcined at 300 ℃ for 2 hours in an air atmosphere.
Example 5
(1) Sequentially adding 1.00 mmol of ferric nitrate hexahydrate and 2.00mmol of cobalt nitrate tetrahydrate into a beaker filled with 30mL of deionized water, and magnetically stirring until the ferric nitrate hexahydrate and the cobalt nitrate tetrahydrate are completely dissolved to obtain a solution A; meanwhile, 5mmol of urea and 2mmol of ammonium fluoride are added into a beaker filled with 30mL of deionized water, and the mixture is magnetically stirred until the urea and the ammonium fluoride are completely dissolved, and the solution is marked as a solution B; mixing the solution A and the solution B, and magnetically stirring for 40 minutes;
(2) dripping the solution into a beaker filled with 10mL of graphene oxide, stirring and mixing the graphene oxide with the concentration of 14mg/mL for 40 minutes, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 50 minutes;
(3) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step into a 100mL hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 16 hours in a drying box at 160 ℃; after the reaction is finished, centrifuging the product for three times by using deionized water, then centrifuging the product for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the obtained black sample in a freeze drying oven for 24 hours;
(4) the sample obtained in the above step was put into an agate mortar for grinding, and then transferred to a tube furnace, and calcined at 300 ℃ for 2 hours in an air atmosphere.
XRD and raman analyses were performed on the product of example 4, as shown in figure 1. The Fe content in the composite can be determined from the XRD diffraction peak pattern of FIG. 1(a) and the Raman characteristic peak pattern of FIG. 1(b)3O4、Co3O4And the rGO three phases.
Scanning electron microscope characterization of the product of example 4, as shown in FIG. 2, the obtained product was Fe3O4、Co3O4Attached to rGO nanoplates.
Transmission electron microscopy characterization of the product of example 4, from FIG. 3, the product obtained is characterized by Fe3O4Submicron particle/Co3O4The nano rod/rGO nano sheet is formed by multi-dimensional compounding. Wherein Co3O4The nano-rod is in a porous structure.
At 1000 mAh g for the product of example 4-1The result of the constant current charge/discharge test at the current density of (1) is shown in FIG. 4.
The product of example 4 was subjected to rate capability tests at different current densities, and the results are shown in fig. 5.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the lithium ion battery composite negative electrode material is characterized in that the composite negative electrode material is Fe with a multi-dimensional structure3O4Submicron spheres/Co3O4The preparation method of the nanorod/reduced graphene oxide nanosheet comprises the following steps:
step one, adding nitrates of iron and cobalt into a container filled with deionized water, wherein the molar ratio of the nitrates to the nitrates is 0.5-1.25: 2, and stirring until the nitrates are completely dissolved in the water; meanwhile, adding urea and ammonium fluoride into a container filled with deionized water, and stirring until the urea and the ammonium fluoride are completely dissolved in the water; transferring the urea and ammonium fluoride solution into a container filled with a metal nitrate solution, and stirring and mixing for 20-40 minutes;
step two, dripping the solution obtained in the step one into a container containing graphene oxide, stirring and mixing for 20-40 minutes, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30-60 minutes;
transferring the mixed solution into a stainless steel reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction in a drying oven at the temperature of 140-200 ℃ for 10-16 hours; after the reaction is finished, centrifuging the product for three times by using deionized water, then centrifuging the product for three times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the obtained black sample in a freeze drying oven for 20 to 24 hours at the temperature of minus 50 ℃;
and step four, grinding the product obtained in the step three, and then placing the product in a tubular furnace to carry out calcination treatment for 1-3 hours at 200-350 ℃ to obtain the ternary multi-dimensional composite material.
2. The preparation method of the composite anode material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the container containing the graphene oxide in the second step, the concentration of the graphene oxide is 3.5mg/mL, 7mg/mL or 14 mg/mL.
3. The preparation method of the lithium ion battery composite anode material according to claim 1, wherein Co in the product obtained in the fourth step3O4The nano-rod is in a porous structure.
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| CN110416519A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-05 | 蚌埠学院 | The preparation method and application of rodlike cobalt oxide/graphene nanocomposite |
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