CN110042020B - Essential oil antibacterial handmade soap and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Essential oil antibacterial handmade soap and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
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- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
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- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
- C11D9/26—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/44—Perfumes; Colouring materials; Brightening agents ; Bleaching agents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an essential oil antibacterial handmade soap and a preparation method thereof. The essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap contains plant compound essential oil, wherein the plant compound essential oil consists of water lily essential oil, folium artemisiae argyi extract and tea tree essential oil. According to the invention, a plurality of plant essential oils are compounded according to a certain proportion, so that the remarkable synergistic effect is achieved, and the bacteriostatic action is strong. The essential oil antibacterial handmade soap is prepared by compounding the plant compound essential oil, the coconut oil, the vitamin E and the soap base according to a certain proportion, and has the advantages of rich and fine foam, strong cleaning and dirt-removing capability, good soap body stability, safety and no stimulation to skin during use, and long-term use. The essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap disclosed by the invention has a convenient, safe and effective bactericidal effect and has a good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of daily chemical articles, in particular to an essential oil antibacterial handmade soap and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the improvement of living standard of people, people pay more and more attention to natural products, and the requirements on the natural products in the aspect of skin care are also higher and more. The soap is used as an essential washing and nursing article in life, has good decontamination effect and low price, is environment-friendly and is popular in domestic and foreign markets. With the enhancement of the hygiene consciousness of people at present, people not only need the soap for removing dirt, but also favor the natural essential oil handmade soap with bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects to consumers. Hainan is used as an international travel island, and the handmade soap made of plant essential oil special for Hainan is used as a travel accompanying hand gift, so that more delicate people loving beauty can be attracted.
The use history of the compound essential oil is long, and people generally think that the essential oil can bring improvement of the whole function when being mixed for use. Through the current literature search, the combination of the essential oils exceeds 600 types in the aspect of treating bacterial infection, and the effects brought by the combination are divided into four conditions of synergy, addition, irrelevance and antagonism. The handmade soap prepared by compounding plant essential oils can achieve a good antibacterial effect, and the respective effects and interaction of the plant essential oils need to be comprehensively considered.
The tropical water lily is a general name of a group of Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaeaceae) plants widely distributed in tropical regions, is a world famous ornamental flower, is bright and rich in color and has high ornamental value, particularly, the blue water lily and the purple water lily in the tropical water lily species have long flowering phase and excellent quality, and become a new excellent type of the abnormal protrusions in the tropical cut flowers. In addition, the roots of the water lily can absorb toxic substances such as lead, mercury, phenol and the like in water, can effectively purify water and has good ecological benefit. In recent years, researches show that the Nymphaea plants are rich in various active ingredients such as flavone, phenolic acid, alkaloid, lignan, polysaccharide and the like, and have various biological activities such as oxidation resistance, antibiosis, anti-inflammation, radiation resistance, blood sugar reduction, blood pressure reduction and the like (Agnihotri et al, 2014; Zhu et al, 2015). At present, flower tea and food made of flowers and leaves of the tropical water lily are popular with the public, but the water lily related products are single, the development and utilization of byproducts are far from enough, and high-valued finely and deeply processed products are almost blank, so that huge waste of resources is caused. Therefore, further development of other derivatives of water lily is necessary.
At present, no report related to the preparation of antibacterial daily chemical products by compounding water lily essential oil and other essential oil is available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides the plant compound essential oil, which achieves an obvious synergistic effect by optimizing the proportion of compounded plant essential oils, can effectively inhibit bacteria, and is safe and non-irritating.
The invention also aims to provide application of the plant compound essential oil in preparing daily chemical products with bacteriostatic effects.
The invention also aims to provide the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap containing the plant compound essential oil.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a compound plant essential oil comprises flos Nymphaeae essential oil, folium Artemisiae Argyi extract and tea tree essential oil.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the water lily essential oil, the folium artemisiae argyi extract and the tea tree essential oil in the plant compound essential oil is (5-7): (1-2): (1-2).
More preferably, the volume ratio of the water lily essential oil, the folium artemisiae argyi extract and the tea tree essential oil in the plant compound essential oil is 5: 1: 2.
wherein the water lily essential oil is extracted from petals and lotus throne of water lily genus delayed drug water lily by subcritical extraction technology. The water lily essential oil is light yellow, is rich in various active ingredients such as flavone, phenolic acid, alkaloid, lignan, polysaccharide and the like, has various biological activities such as oxidation resistance, antibiosis, anti-inflammation, radiation resistance, blood sugar reduction, blood pressure reduction and the like, and also has antibacterial effect when being used for skin care.
Folium artemisiae argyi is used as a medicinal material, and the folium artemisiae argyi extract is extracted from the leaves of folium artemisiae argyi in the genus of artemisia, has the effects of sterilizing, stopping bleeding, resisting allergic activity, beautifying and dredging internal organs.
The tea tree essential oil is extracted from leaves of Camellia japonica of Camellia. The tea tree essential oil has the functions of sterilizing, diminishing inflammation and astringing pores, and is suitable for conditioning and improving skin.
The water lily essential oil, the folium artemisiae argyi extract and the tea tree essential oil in the plant compound essential oil provided by the invention have certain bacteriostatic efficacy, and the components are compounded for use, and the proportion and the dosage of the components are optimized, so that the aim of effectively inhibiting bacteria can be achieved, the plant compound essential oil is safe and non-irritant, is harmless to human skin, and can be used for preparing bacteriostatic daily chemical articles.
Therefore, the invention requests to protect the application of the plant compound essential oil in preparing daily chemical products with bacteriostatic efficacy.
Preferably, the daily chemical product is handmade soap, shower gel, shampoo or hand sanitizer.
The invention also provides an essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap containing the plant compound essential oil.
Preferably, the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap consists of the following components in parts by volume: 5-7 parts of water lily essential oil, 1-2 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 1-2 parts of tea tree essential oil, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin E, 1-2 parts of coconut oil and 78-100 parts of soap base.
The coconut oil is a noble of a skin care plant essence, contains peculiar life tension of tropical plants, can improve the tightness of cells, strengthen the contraction capacity of pores, help to remove the outer layer of dead skin cells, recover damaged skin, enable the junction of epidermis and dermis of the skin to be healthier and smoother, generate new skin cells and improve dry and allergic skin.
More preferably, the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap consists of the following components in parts by volume: 5 parts of water lily essential oil, 1 part of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 2 parts of tea tree essential oil, 0.4 part of vitamin E, 1 part of coconut oil and 84 parts of soap base.
Further, the preparation method of the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing water lily essential oil, folium artemisiae argyi extract, tea tree essential oil, coconut oil and vitamin E in proportion, and oscillating for 5-15 s by ultrasonic waves to obtain composite essential oil;
s2, heating the soap in a water bath at 50-60 ℃, mixing the soap base and the compound essential oil according to the volume ratio after the soap base is dissolved, pouring the mixture into a mold, and cooling to obtain the soap.
Preferably, the water lily essential oil is extracted by adopting an ultrasonic-assisted subcritical fluid extraction technology; the folium artemisiae argyi extract is extracted by a hydrolat machine; the tea tree essential oil is extracted by a distillation extraction method.
More preferably, the preparation method of the folium artemisiae argyi extract comprises the following specific steps:
(1) cleaning 250g of dried folium artemisiae argyi, and filling the cleaned folium artemisiae argyi into a clean cloth bag; adding a rubber ring on the hydrolat machine, and placing a thermometer;
(2) adding water in the hydrologic plant to the maximum range; putting the cloth bag filled with folium Artemisiae Argyi into the device, and covering with a cover;
(3) electrifying the induction cooker to fire, adding the electromagnetic power to 1500W, and reducing the electromagnetic power to 1000W when the water is boiled; keeping the boiling state for 3h, wherein the boiling state is kept for preventing overflowing; collecting distillate after 3 hr, placing in brown glass bottle to obtain folium Artemisiae Argyi extract, and storing in refrigerator at 4 deg.C.
More preferably, the preparation method of the tea tree essential oil comprises the following specific steps:
(1) cleaning fresh tea leaves, placing into an oven, baking at 60 deg.C for 4 hr, taking out dried tea leaves, sealing with a sealing bag, and placing into a 4 deg.C refrigerator for refrigeration;
(2) accurately weighing 100g of dry tea leaves, placing the dry tea leaves into a 1000mL flask, adding 600mL of distilled water containing 10% sodium chloride, standing and soaking for 3h, connecting the flask to one end of a simultaneous distillation and extraction device, and heating by using an electric heating sleeve until a water phase is boiled; the other end of the device is connected into a 100mL flask filled with 50mL dichloromethane, and is heated to 50 ℃ by a constant-temperature water bath to boil; distilling and extracting for 3h simultaneously, taking down a 100mL flask filled with dichloromethane, filtering for multiple times, placing in a 50 ℃ oven to volatilize the solvent, placing the obtained tea tree essential oil in a glass bottle, and storing in a refrigerator in a dark place.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the plant compound essential oil provided by the invention is compounded with various plant essential oils according to a certain proportion, achieves an obvious synergistic effect and has a strong antibacterial effect. The essential oil antibacterial handmade soap is prepared by compounding the plant compound essential oil, the coconut oil, the vitamin E and the soap base according to a certain proportion, and has the advantages of rich and fine foam, strong cleaning and dirt-removing capability, good soap body stability, safety and no stimulation to skin during use, and long-term use. The essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap provided by the invention has convenient, safe and effective bactericidal effects and good application prospects.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific examples, which are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The test methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available reagents and materials.
Test strains: staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Example 1 bacteriostatic handmade soap containing essential oil and preparation method thereof
The essential oil antibacterial handmade soap comprises the following components in parts by volume: 5 parts of water lily essential oil, 1 part of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 2 parts of tea tree essential oil, 0.4 part of vitamin E, 1 part of coconut oil and 84 parts of soap base.
The preparation method of the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap comprises the following steps:
s1, taking 5 parts of water lily essential oil, 1 part of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 2 parts of tea tree essential oil, 1 part of coconut oil and 0.4 part of vitamin E, uniformly mixing in a glass or stainless steel container, and performing ultrasonic oscillation for 10s to obtain composite essential oil;
s2, heating the soap to be dissolved in a water bath at 55 ℃, taking 84 parts of soap base, uniformly mixing with 9.4 parts of the compound essential oil obtained in the step S1, pouring into a mold, and cooling to obtain the essential oil antibacterial handmade soap.
Example 2 essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap and preparation method thereof
The essential oil antibacterial handmade soap comprises the following components in parts by volume: 7 parts of water lily essential oil, 2 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 1 part of tea tree essential oil, 0.5 part of vitamin E, 2 parts of coconut oil and 100 parts of soap base.
The preparation method of the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap comprises the following steps:
s1, taking 7 parts of water lily essential oil, 2 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 1 part of tea tree essential oil, 2 parts of coconut oil and 0.5 part of vitamin E, uniformly mixing in a glass or stainless steel container, and performing ultrasonic oscillation for 10s to obtain composite essential oil;
s2, heating the soap base in a water bath at 60 ℃ until the soap base is dissolved, taking 100 parts of the soap base, uniformly mixing the soap base with 12.5 parts of the compound essential oil obtained in the step S1, pouring the mixture into a mould, and cooling to obtain the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap.
Example 3 antibacterial essential oil handmade soap and preparation method thereof
The essential oil antibacterial handmade soap comprises the following components in parts by volume: 6 parts of water lily essential oil, 1 part of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 2 parts of tea tree essential oil, 0.1 part of vitamin E, 1 part of coconut oil and 78 parts of soap base.
The preparation method of the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap comprises the following steps:
s1, taking 6 parts of water lily essential oil, 1 part of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 2 parts of tea tree essential oil, 1 part of coconut oil and 0.1 part of vitamin E, uniformly mixing in a glass or stainless steel container, and performing ultrasonic oscillation for 10s to obtain composite essential oil;
s2, heating the soap base in a water bath at 60 ℃ until the soap base is dissolved, taking 78 parts of the soap base, uniformly mixing the soap base with 11.1 parts of the compound essential oil obtained in the step S1, pouring the mixture into a mould, and cooling to obtain the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap.
Comparative examples 1-4 essential oil handmade soap and preparation method thereof
Comparative example 1 the same ingredients as in example 1 were used except that the handmade soap formulation did not contain the water lily essential oil.
Comparative example 2 the same ingredients as in example 1 were used except that no mugwort leaf extract was included in the handmade soap formulation.
Comparative example 3 the same ingredients as in example 1 were used except that the handmade soap formulation did not contain tea tree essential oil.
Comparative example 4 handmade soap formula: 3 parts of water lily essential oil, 0.5 part of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 0.8 part of tea tree essential oil, 0.1 part of vitamin E, 1 part of coconut oil and 84 parts of soap base.
Application example 1 quality evaluation
The essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soaps prepared in the examples 1-3 are subjected to sensory index and physicochemical index determination by referring to the national standard QB/T2485-.
1. Sense organ
Appearance: the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap has a correct shape, uniform color and no obvious impurities or stains, and meets the standard requirements.
Odor: the antibacterial handmade soap with the essential oil has stable fragrance, does not have bad peculiar smell such as grease rancidity and the like, and accords with the specified fragrance.
2. Physical and chemical properties
The results of measuring the physical and chemical performance indexes of the bacteriostatic handmade soap of the essential oil in the examples 1 to 3 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1-3 physicochemical property indexes of antibacterial handmade soap of essential oil
Application example 2 bacteriostatic test
In-vitro bacteriostasis tests are respectively carried out on the essential oil bacteriostasis handmade soaps of examples 1-3 and the composite essential oil in the handmade soaps of comparative examples 1-4 by adopting a paper diffusion method, and the bacteriostasis effects of the essential oil bacteriostasis handmade soaps of examples 1-3 and the handmade soaps of comparative examples 1-4 are detected by a hand test.
1. Paper diffusion method
(1) Step (ii) of
Respectively culturing strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) with beef extract peptone liquid culture medium, culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae with YPDA culture medium, and diluting each bacterial liquid with spectrophotometer to 1 × 10 before use8CFU/mL. Injecting the sterilized beef extract peptone agar culture medium and the YPDA culture medium into a culture dish with the diameter of 9cm, sucking 100 mu L of each bacterium liquid by using a pipette gun after the culture medium is solidified, uniformly smearing the bacterium liquid on a flat plate, taking three pieces of filter paper with the diameter of 6mm subjected to dry heat sterilization by using tweezers, flatly pasting the filter paper on the flat plate, and placing the filter paper in an equilateral triangle. And (3) filtering the compound essential oil and the Tween 80 solution through a 0.45-micron microporous filter membrane. 10 mu L of compound essential oil, Tween 80 solution and antibiotic (penicillin) solution are respectively transferred by a liquid transfer gun and dripped on a filter paper sheet of the same culture dish, and each treatment is repeated three times. Positive control antibiotic penicillin (10mg/mL) solution, and negative control Tween80 (0.1%) solution. After the essential oil is fully absorbed, the culture is carried out for 18h in an inverted way at the temperature of 37 ℃, the diameter of the inhibition zone is measured, and the average value of three measurements is taken.
(2) Results
TABLE 2 bacteriostatic diameter (mm) of the complex essential oils in the formulations of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 against different microorganisms
Note: the unit of the size of the bacteriostatic zone is mm, and the accuracy is 0.1mm
From the results of the bacteriostatic tests (table 2), it can be seen that the compound essential oil in the formula of the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap disclosed in embodiments 1-3 of the invention has a certain inhibitory effect on escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and saccharomyces cerevisiae, the bacteriostatic ability of the compound essential oil is generally higher than that of each single essential oil, the inhibitory effect on gram-negative bacteria is higher than that of gram-positive bacteria, and the effect of embodiment 1 is the best. The antibacterial effect of the compound essential oil in the formula of the handmade soap in the comparative examples 1-4 on each microorganism is higher than that of each single essential oil, but the antibacterial effect is not as good as that of the examples 1-3.
2. Hand test
(1) Step (ii) of
The test subjects washed the fingers of the left and right hands with clean water, the essential oil handmade soaps of the examples and the comparative examples, and the commercially available antibacterial soaps, washed with running water, wiped with autoclaved non-woven fabrics, wiped dry, then wiped randomly with the non-woven fabrics within 0h, 1h, 2h, 3h, and 4h, and then put the anhydrous woven fabrics into a conical flask of broth LB culture medium, cultured for 18h in a constant temperature incubator, and recorded the bacterial number with an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The bacteriostatic efficacy was compared by bacterial concentration.
(2) Results
TABLE 3 bacterial concentration in the subject in four hours (. times.10)7CFU/mL) change
As can be seen from the above Table 3, with the increase of time, bacteria on hands of the testee washed with clear water and used by using the commercially available antibacterial soap obviously increase within a certain period of time, but the increase degree is different; the experiment starting stage (0-1 h), namely the stage of immediately sampling after cleaning, the number of bacteria on the hands of the subject 1 using the embodiment 1 is minimum; examples 2 and 3 had a higher number of bacteria at this stage than the commercial bacteriostatic soap, and the number of bacteria on the hands of the subjects in each proportion was higher than that of example 1 and lower than those of examples 2 and 3, indicating that the bacteriostatic effect of the essential oil soap was not significant in a short period of time; however, with the prolonging of time (within 1-3 h), the number of bacteria on the hands of each subject using the essential oil soap is kept equal to that of the commercially available antibacterial soap, and is finally slightly lower than that of the commercially available antibacterial soap, so that the continuous antibacterial capability of the essential oil soap is obvious; at the end of the experiment (3-4 h), the number of bacteria on the hands of all the testees using the essential oil soap is obviously lower than that of the commercially available antibacterial soap and that of the testees in each proportion, which indicates that the continuous antibacterial ability of the essential oil soap is obvious.
It should be finally noted that the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and that other variations and modifications based on the above description and thought may be made by those skilled in the art, and that all embodiments need not be exhaustive. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An application of a composition consisting of water lily essential oil, folium artemisiae argyi extract and tea tree essential oil in preparing daily chemical products with antibacterial effect is characterized in that the water lily essential oil is extracted from petals and rosette of delayed drug water lily by adopting an ultrasonic-assisted subcritical fluid extraction technology; the folium artemisiae argyi extract is extracted from the leaves of the folium artemisiae argyi of the artemisia genus by a hydrolat machine; the tea tree essential oil is extracted from leaves of camellia japonica of camellia by a distillation extraction method; the volume ratio of the water lily essential oil to the folium artemisiae argyi extract to the tea tree essential oil in the composition is 5: 1: 2, inhibiting escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or saccharomyces cerevisiae.
2. The use of claim 1, wherein the daily chemical product is a handmade soap, a body wash, a shampoo or a hand sanitizer.
3. An antibacterial essential oil handmade soap comprising the composition of claim 1 consisting of water lily essential oil, artemisia argyi leaf extract and tea tree essential oil.
4. The essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap according to claim 3, which is prepared from the following components in parts by volume: 5 parts of water lily essential oil, 1 part of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 2 parts of tea tree essential oil, 0.4 part of vitamin E, 1 part of coconut oil and 84 parts of soap base.
5. The preparation method of the essential oil bacteriostatic handmade soap as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing water lily essential oil, folium artemisiae argyi extract, tea tree essential oil, vitamin E and coconut oil in proportion, and oscillating for 5-15 s by ultrasonic waves to obtain a composition;
s2, heating the soap in a water bath at 50-60 ℃, mixing the soap base and the composition according to the volume ratio after the soap base is dissolved, pouring the mixture into a mold, and cooling to obtain the soap.
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