CN110031897B - Method and system for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater - Google Patents

Method and system for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater Download PDF

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CN110031897B
CN110031897B CN201910219002.2A CN201910219002A CN110031897B CN 110031897 B CN110031897 B CN 110031897B CN 201910219002 A CN201910219002 A CN 201910219002A CN 110031897 B CN110031897 B CN 110031897B
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王卿
朱希安
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Beijing Information Science and Technology University
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Abstract

Disclosed are a method and a system for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater. The method can comprise the following steps: calculating seawater physical parameter data; calculating geometric diffusion compensation factors of the seismic wave field according to the seawater physical parameter data; scanning the multi-component seismic gather, and calculating the incident angle of each channel; calculating the transmission coefficient of each seawater layer structure corresponding to the incident angle according to the seawater physical parameter data, and further calculating a transmission compensation factor; and performing channel separation compensation and correction on the amplitude energy in the multi-component seismic data according to the geometric diffusion compensation factor and the transmission compensation factor. The invention realizes the amplitude compensation and correction of the deep water multi-component seismic data by calculating the information of the velocity field and the density field of the seawater change and the geometric diffusion compensation factor.

Description

Method and system for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic waves, in particular to a method and a system for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater.
Background
For marine deepwater multi-component seismic exploration, as the depth of sea water involved in seismic exploration is continuously deepened, the propagation of a seismic wave field is more and more strongly influenced by the change of the speed and the density of the sea water. Due to the interference of the change of the physical properties of the seawater on the energy propagation of the seismic wave field, the deep energy of the seismic data is reduced, and the deep imaging of the deep reflection data is weakened. A more important effect is that the interference of the sea water with the seismic wavefield can cause the energy distribution distortion of the seismic data Amplitude variation with incidence Angle (AVA) gathers, resulting in the error of the seismic prestack inversion. Therefore, in deep water multi-component seismic processing, the depth energy of seismic data needs to be reasonably recovered, and the influence of the sea water layer on the amplitude of the seismic data along with the change of the incident angle is eliminated, so that the physical reflection characteristics of a medium can be more accurately reflected by the seismic data, and the precision of pre-stack inversion is improved.
The conventional sea water layer geometric diffusion compensation method is mainly adopted for processing the amplitude energy loss compensation and correction method of the deep water multi-component seismic data aiming at eliminating the influence of the sea water layer, and the speed value of sound waves in the sea water in compensation parameters is 1500 m/s. This approach has several drawbacks: (1) the fact that the compensation precision is too low and even the amplitude change characteristic is damaged due to the fact that the layering change of the seawater speed and density field in the deep water is not considered; (2) influence of sea water layer absorption reflection on amplitude energy of deep water multi-component seismic data is not considered, and amplitude distortion of AVA trace set data is caused; (3) the compensation problem for the four component seismic data is not considered. The deep effect of deep water multi-component seismic imaging is poor and the pre-stack inversion accuracy is reduced due to the existence of the problems. Therefore, there is a need to develop a method and system for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater, which can realize the compensation and correction of the amplitude energy of the deep water multi-component seismic data by calculating the information of a velocity field and a density field of seawater change and a geometric diffusion compensation factor.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater is provided. The method may include: calculating seawater physical parameter data; calculating a geometric diffusion compensation factor of a seismic wave field according to the seawater physical parameter data; scanning the multi-component seismic gather, and calculating the incident angle theta of each channel; calculating the transmission coefficient of each seawater layer structure corresponding to the incident angle according to the seawater physical parameter data, and further calculating a transmission compensation factor; and performing channel separation compensation and correction on the amplitude energy in the multi-component seismic data according to the geometric diffusion compensation factor and the transmission compensation factor.
Preferably, the seawater physical parameter data comprises seawater pressure, seawater sound wave velocity, seawater density variation data with depth, and seawater density under standard atmospheric pressure.
Preferably, the seawater sound wave velocity is calculated by formula (1):
Figure BDA0002002979770000021
wherein D is depth, S is salinity, T is temperature, and v is sea water sound wave velocity at different depths, salinity and temperature in sea water.
Preferably, the seawater pressure is calculated by equation (2):
Figure BDA0002002979770000022
wherein P is the data of the seawater pressure changing with the depth, C1In order to calculate the parameters of the device,
Figure BDA0002002979770000031
l is the latitude of the exploration area; calculating the seawater density at standard atmospheric pressure by equation (3):
Figure BDA0002002979770000032
wherein den0B0 ═ 8.24493e for sea water density at standard atmospheric pressure-1，b1＝-4.0899e-3，b2＝7.6438e-5，b3＝-8.2467e-7，b4＝5.3875e-9，c0＝-5.72466e-3，c1＝+1.0227e-4，c2＝-1.6546e-6，d0＝-8.2467e-7，den1＝ao+(a1+(a2+(a3+(a4+a5*T68)*T68)*T68)*T68)*T68，a0＝999.842594，a1＝-6.793952e-2，a2＝-9.09529e-3，a3＝1.001685e-4，a4＝-1.120083e-6，a5＝6.536332e-9。
Preferably, the seawater density variation with depth data is calculated by equation (4):
Figure BDA0002002979770000033
wherein den0The density of seawater under standard atmospheric pressure is pe ═ P/10, and K ═ K0+(A+B*P)*P，
Figure BDA0002002979770000034
f0＝+54.6746，f1＝-0.603459，f2＝+1.09987e-2，f3＝-6.1670e-5，g0＝+1.6483e-2，g1＝+1.6483e-2，g2＝-5.3009e-4，KW＝eo+(e1+(e2+(e3+e4T68)*T68)*T68)*T68，e0＝19652.21，e1＝+148.4206，e2＝-2.327105，e3＝+1.360477e-2，e4＝+5.155288e-5，
Figure BDA0002002979770000035
j0＝1.91075e-4，i0＝2.2838e-3，i1＝-1.0981e-5，i2＝-1.6078e-6，AW＝h0+(h1+(h2+h3*T68)*T68)*T68，h0＝+3.239908，h1＝+1.43713e-3，h2＝+1.16092e-4，h3＝-5.77905e-7，B＝BW+(m0+(m1+m2*T68)*T68)*S，m0＝-9.9348e-7，m1＝+2.0816e-8，m2＝9.1697e-10，BW＝k0+(k1+k2*T68)*T68，k0＝+8.50935e-5，k1＝-6.12293e-6，k2＝5.2787e-8。
Preferably, the geometric diffusion compensation factor is calculated by equation (5):
Figure BDA0002002979770000041
wherein D isiGeometric diffusion compensation factor for the ith sea water layer structure, VdAnd TdRoot mean square velocity and travel time of propagation, V, respectively, on the ray path of the sound waves propagating along the seaminIs the minimum value of the sea water sound wave velocity.
Preferably, the equivalent layer thickness of the seawater is determined according to the stack profile seismic source wavelet and the multi-component seismic frequency band, and then a plurality of seawater layer structures are determined.
Preferably, the transmission coefficient of each seawater layer structure corresponding to the incident angle is calculated by formula (6):
Tn＝Tρ+Tv(6)
wherein, TnTransmission coefficient, T, for each sea water layer structure corresponding to the angle of incidenceρIn order to stratify the transmission coefficient which changes with the incident angle according to the density of the seawater,
Figure BDA0002002979770000042
delta rho is the sea water density difference between the lower sea water layer structure and the upper sea water layer structure, and rho is the lower sea water layer structureSea water density, T, of structurevIn order to stratify the transmission coefficient which changes with the incident angle according to the speed of the sea water sound wave,
Figure BDA0002002979770000043
delta v is the sea water sound wave velocity difference of the lower sea water layer structure and the upper sea water layer structure, and v is the sea water sound wave velocity of the lower sea water layer structure; calculating the transmission compensation factor by equation (7):
Figure BDA0002002979770000044
wherein, TiIs the transmission compensation factor for the ith seawater layer structure.
Preferably, the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data is channel compensated by equation (8):
Sout1(t)n＝DiSin(t)n(8)
wherein S isin(t)nAmplitude energy, D, for multi-component seismic dataiGeometric diffusion compensation factor for the ith sea water layer structure, Sout1(t)nAmplitude energy of the compensated multi-component seismic data; the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data is channel corrected by equation (9):
Sout2(t)n＝TiSout1(t)n(9)
wherein S isout2(t)nTo compensate and correct for the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data, TiIs the transmission compensation factor of the ith sea water layer structure, and n is the component serial number.
According to another aspect of the invention, a system for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater is provided, which is characterized by comprising: a memory storing computer-executable instructions; a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of: calculating seawater physical parameter data; calculating a geometric diffusion compensation factor of a seismic wave field according to the seawater physical parameter data; scanning the multi-component seismic gather, and calculating the incident angle theta of each channel; calculating the transmission coefficient of each seawater layer structure corresponding to the incident angle according to the seawater physical parameter data, and further calculating a transmission compensation factor; and performing channel separation compensation and correction on the amplitude energy in the multi-component seismic data according to the geometric diffusion compensation factor and the transmission compensation factor.
Preferably, the seawater physical parameter data comprises seawater pressure, seawater sound wave velocity, seawater density variation data with depth, and seawater density under standard atmospheric pressure.
Preferably, the seawater sound wave velocity is calculated by formula (1):
Figure BDA0002002979770000053
wherein D is depth, S is salinity, T is temperature, and v is sea water sound wave velocity at different depths, salinity and temperature in sea water.
Preferably, the seawater pressure is calculated by equation (2):
Figure BDA0002002979770000051
wherein P is the data of the seawater pressure changing with the depth, C1In order to calculate the parameters of the device,
Figure BDA0002002979770000052
l is the latitude of the exploration area; calculating the seawater density at standard atmospheric pressure by equation (3):
Figure BDA0002002979770000061
wherein den0B0 ═ 8.24493e for sea water density at standard atmospheric pressure-1，b1＝-4.0899e-3，b2＝7.6438e-5，b3＝-8.2467e-7，b4＝5.3875e-9，c0＝-5.72466e-3，c1＝+1.0227e-4，c2＝-1.6546e-6，d0＝-8.2467e-7，den1＝ao+(a1+(a2+(a3+(a4+a5*T68)*T68)*T68)*T68)*T68，a0＝999.842594，a1＝-6.793952e-2，a2＝-9.09529e-3，a3＝1.001685e-4，a4＝-1.120083e-6，a5＝6.536332e-9。
Preferably, the seawater density variation with depth data is calculated by equation (4):
Figure BDA0002002979770000062
wherein den0The density of seawater under standard atmospheric pressure is pe ═ P/10, and K ═ K0+(A+B*P)*P，
Figure BDA0002002979770000063
f0＝+54.6746，f1＝-0.603459，f2＝+1.09987e-2，f3＝-6.1670e-5，g0＝+1.6483e-2，g1＝+1.6483e-2，g2＝-5.3009e-4，KW＝eo+(e1+(e2+(e3+e4T68)*T68)*T68)*T68，e0＝19652.21，e1＝+148.4206，e2＝-2.327105，e3＝+1.360477e-2，e4＝+5.155288e-5，
Figure BDA0002002979770000064
j0＝1.91075e-4，i0＝2.2838e-3，i1＝-1.0981e-5，i2＝-1.6078e-6，AW＝h0+(h1+(h2+h3*T68)*T68)*T68，h0＝+3.239908，h1＝+1.43713e-3，h2＝+1.16092e-4，h3＝-5.77905e-7，B＝BW+(m0+(m1+m2*T68)*T68)*S，m0＝-9.9348e-7，m1＝+2.0816e-8，m2＝9.1697e-10，BW＝k0+(k1+k2*T68)*T68，k0＝+8.50935e-5，k1＝-6.12293e-6，k2＝5.2787e-8。
Preferably, the geometric diffusion compensation factor is calculated by equation (5):
Figure BDA0002002979770000065
wherein D isiGeometric diffusion compensation factor for the ith sea water layer structure, VdAnd TdRoot mean square velocity and travel time of propagation, V, respectively, on the ray path of the sound waves propagating along the seaminIs the minimum value of the sea water sound wave velocity.
Preferably, the equivalent layer thickness of the seawater is determined according to the stack profile seismic source wavelet and the multi-component seismic frequency band, and then a plurality of seawater layer structures are determined.
Preferably, the transmission coefficient of each seawater layer structure corresponding to the incident angle is calculated by formula (6):
Tn＝Tρ+Tv(6)
wherein, TnTransmission coefficient, T, for each sea water layer structure corresponding to the angle of incidenceρIn order to stratify the transmission coefficient which changes with the incident angle according to the density of the seawater,
Figure BDA0002002979770000071
delta rho is the sea water density difference between the lower sea water layer structure and the upper sea water layer structure, rho is the sea water density of the lower sea water layer structure, TvIn order to stratify the transmission coefficient which changes with the incident angle according to the speed of the sea water sound wave,
Figure BDA0002002979770000072
delta v is the sea water sound wave velocity difference of the lower sea water layer structure and the upper sea water layer structure, and v is the sea water sound wave velocity of the lower sea water layer structure; calculating the transmission compensation factor by equation (7):
Figure BDA0002002979770000073
wherein, TiIs the transmission compensation factor for the ith seawater layer structure.
Preferably, the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data is channel compensated by equation (8):
Sout1(t)n＝DiSin(t)n(8)
wherein S isin(t)nAmplitude energy, D, for multi-component seismic dataiGeometric diffusion compensation factor for the ith sea water layer structure, Sout1(t)nAmplitude energy of the compensated multi-component seismic data; the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data is channel corrected by equation (9):
Sout2(t)n＝TiSout1(t)n(9)
wherein S isout2(t)nTo compensate and correct for the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data, TiIs the transmission compensation factor of the ith sea water layer structure, and n is the component serial number.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) by calculating the information of a speed field and a density field of the change of the seawater, the attenuation and the change of the energy of the seismic waves in the seawater layer with variable speed and density are accurately solved;
(2) by analyzing the seismic multi-component data, the geometric diffusion compensation factor and the transmission compensation factor of seismic wave propagation in the sea water layer with variable speed and density are obtained, so that the amplitude compensation and correction of the deep water multi-component seismic data are realized, the physical property information of the medium under the sea bottom is more accurately reflected by the deep water multi-component seismic data, and more accurate amplitude-preserving data are provided for the pre-stack inversion of the deep water seismic data.
The method and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of a method for compensating and correcting amplitude energy in seawater for multicomponent seismic data according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic of a sea floor interfering with seismic data propagation, according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows a schematic of temperature and salinity as a function of depth in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a graphical representation of pressure, velocity, and density as a function of depth in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 5a, 5b, and 5c show schematic cross-sectional views of the original, compensated, and corrected seismic data amplitude energy compensation, respectively, of the X-component, according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 6a, 6b, and 6c show cross-sectional views of the original, compensated, and corrected seismic data amplitude energies of the Y component, respectively, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 7a, 7b, and 7c show cross-sectional views of the raw, compensated, and corrected seismic data amplitude energies of the Z component, respectively, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 8a, 8b, and 8C show cross-sectional views of the original, compensated, and corrected seismic data amplitude energies of the C-component, respectively, according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of a method for compensating and correcting amplitude energy in seawater for multicomponent seismic data according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, the method for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater according to the present invention may include: step 101, calculating seawater physical parameter data; 102, calculating geometric diffusion compensation factors of a seismic wave field according to seawater physical parameter data; step 103, scanning the multi-component seismic gather, and calculating the incident angle theta of each channel; 104, calculating the transmission coefficient of each seawater layer structure corresponding to the incident angle according to the seawater physical parameter data, and further calculating a transmission compensation factor; and 105, performing channel separation compensation and correction on the amplitude energy in the multi-component seismic data according to the geometric diffusion compensation factor and the transmission compensation factor.
In one example, the seawater physical parameter data includes seawater pressure, seawater acoustic velocity, seawater density versus depth data, seawater density at standard atmospheric pressure.
In one example, the seawater sonic velocity is calculated by equation (1):
Figure BDA0002002979770000091
wherein D is depth, S is salinity, T is temperature, and v is sea water sound wave velocity at different depths, salinity and temperature in sea water.
In one example, the seawater pressure is calculated by equation (2):
Figure BDA0002002979770000101
wherein P is the data of the seawater pressure changing with the depth, C1In order to calculate the parameters of the device,
Figure BDA0002002979770000102
l is the latitude of the exploration area; the seawater density at standard atmospheric pressure is calculated by equation (3):
Figure BDA0002002979770000103
wherein den0B0 ═ 8.24493e for sea water density at standard atmospheric pressure-1，b1＝-4.0899e-3，b2＝7.6438e-5，b3＝-8.2467e-7，b4＝5.3875e-9，c0＝-5.72466e-3，c1＝+1.0227e-4，c2＝-1.6546e-6，d0＝-8.2467e-7，den1＝ao+(a1+(a2+(a3+(a4+a5*T68)*T68)*T68)*T68)*T68，a0＝999.842594，a1＝-6.793952e-2，a2＝-9.09529e-3，a3＝1.001685e-4，a4＝-1.120083e-6，a5＝6.536332e-9The above parameters are calculation parameters, and are used for simplifying the formula.
In one example, the seawater density versus depth data is calculated by equation (4):
Figure BDA0002002979770000104
wherein den0The density of seawater under standard atmospheric pressure is pe ═ P/10, and K ═ K0+(A+B*P)*P，
Figure BDA0002002979770000105
f0＝+54.6746，f1＝-0.603459，f2＝+1.09987e-2，f3＝-6.1670e-5，g0＝+1.6483e-2，g1＝+1.6483e-2，g2＝-5.3009e-4，KW＝eo+(e1+(e2+(e3+e4T68)*T68)*T68)*T68，e0＝19652.21，e1＝+148.4206，e2＝-2.327105，e3＝+1.360477e-2，e4＝+5.155288e-5，
Figure BDA0002002979770000106
j0＝1.91075e-4，i0＝2.2838e-3，i1＝-1.0981e-5，i2＝-1.6078e-6，AW＝h0+(h1+(h2+h3*T68)*T68)*T68，h0＝+3.239908，h1＝+1.43713e-3，h2＝+1.16092e-4，h3＝-5.77905e-7，B＝BW+(m0+(m1+m2*T68)*T68)*S，m0＝-9.9348e-7，m1＝+2.0816e-8，m2＝9.1697e-10，BW＝k0+(k1+k2*T68)*T68，k0＝+8.50935e-5，k1＝-6.12293e-6，k2＝5.2787e-8The above parameters are metersParameters are calculated in order to simplify the formula.
In one example, the geometric diffusion compensation factor is calculated by equation (5):
Figure BDA0002002979770000111
wherein D isiGeometric diffusion compensation factor for the ith sea water layer structure, VdAnd TdRoot mean square velocity and travel time of propagation, V, respectively, on the ray path of the sound waves propagating along the seaminIs the minimum value of the sea water sound wave velocity.
In one example, the equivalent layer thickness of the seawater, and thus the plurality of seawater layer structures, is determined from the stacked profile source wavelet and the multi-component seismic band.
In one example, the transmission coefficient of each seawater layer structure corresponding to the incident angle is calculated by equation (6):
Tn＝Tρ+Tv(6)
wherein, TnTransmission coefficient, T, for each sea water layer structure corresponding to the angle of incidenceρIn order to stratify the transmission coefficient which changes with the incident angle according to the density of the seawater,
Figure BDA0002002979770000112
delta rho is the sea water density difference between the lower sea water layer structure and the upper sea water layer structure, rho is the sea water density of the lower sea water layer structure, TvIn order to stratify the transmission coefficient which changes with the incident angle according to the speed of the sea water sound wave,
Figure BDA0002002979770000113
delta v is the sea water sound wave velocity difference of the lower sea water layer structure and the upper sea water layer structure, and v is the sea water sound wave velocity of the lower sea water layer structure; the transmission compensation factor is calculated by equation (7):
Figure BDA0002002979770000114
wherein, TiIs the transmission compensation factor for the ith seawater layer structure.
In one example, the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data is channel compensated by equation (8):
Sout1(t)n＝DiSin(t)n(8)
wherein S isin(t)nAmplitude energy, D, for multi-component seismic dataiGeometric diffusion compensation factor for the ith sea water layer structure, Sout1(t)nAmplitude energy of the compensated multi-component seismic data; the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data is channel corrected by equation (9):
Sout2(t)n＝TiSout1(t)n(9)
wherein S isout2(t)nTo compensate and correct for the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data, TiIs the transmission compensation factor of the ith sea water layer structure, and n is the component serial number.
Specifically, the method for compensating and correcting the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data in the seawater according to the invention can comprise the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of accurately acquiring dimension information of a seismic survey network area during seismic acquisition, acquiring data of the change of temperature and salinity of the seismic survey network area along with depth through open database information of the ocean of the American ocean administration, calculating seawater physical parameter data on the basis of the data, wherein the data comprises seawater pressure, seawater sound wave velocity, data of the change of seawater density along with depth and seawater density under standard atmospheric pressure, calculating the seawater sound wave velocity through a formula (1), calculating the seawater pressure through a formula (2), calculating the seawater density under standard atmospheric pressure through a formula (3), and further calculating the data of the change of seawater density along with depth through a formula (4).
And determining the equivalent layer thickness of the seawater according to the seismic source wavelets and the multi-component seismic frequency bands of the stacked profile, and further determining a plurality of seawater layer structures. FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a sea water layer interfering with seismic data propagation according to an embodiment of the present invention, SHOT representing a seismic source point, REI representing a reception point, HVFor the ocean at the point of shotThe vertical depth of (a) can be obtained by a seismic observation system or the like, HdThe length of the propagation path for the seismic wave to propagate to each geophone can be obtained from seismic data trace header information, viSea water sound wave velocity, t, representing the ith sea water layer structureiVertical time, v, representing the structure of the ith sea water layerdIs the root mean square velocity, p, along the ray path of the wave propagating in the seaiSea water density, T, representing the structure of the ith sea water layerdWhen traveling along a wave propagating on a ray path of the wave propagating in the sea, vd、Hd、TdAnd viSatisfy formulas (10), (11):
Figure BDA0002002979770000131
Figure BDA0002002979770000132
and (5) calculating a geometric diffusion compensation factor of the ith sea water layer structure of the seismic wave field according to the minimum value of the root mean square velocity, the propagation travel time and the sea water sound wave velocity.
Scanning the multi-component seismic gather, and calculating the incident angle theta of each channel; and (3) calculating the transmission coefficient of each sea water layer structure corresponding to the incident angle through a formula (6) according to the sea water physical parameter data, and further calculating the transmission compensation factor of the ith sea water layer structure through a formula (7). And (3) according to the geometric diffusion compensation factor and the transmission compensation factor, performing channel separation compensation on the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data of each sea water layer structure through a formula (8), and performing channel separation correction on the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data of each sea water layer structure through a formula (9).
The method realizes amplitude compensation and correction of deep water multi-component seismic data by calculating the information of a velocity field and a density field of seawater change and geometric diffusion compensation factors.
Application example
To facilitate understanding of the solution of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, a specific application example is given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
One embodiment of the invention is described with reference to fig. 3 and 4, and fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of temperature and salinity as a function of depth, according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 4 shows a graphical representation of pressure, velocity, and density as a function of depth in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
The method for compensating and correcting the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data in the seawater can comprise the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of acquiring dimension information of a seismic network area during seismic acquisition, acquiring data of the change of temperature and salinity of the seismic network area along with depth through open database information of the ocean of the American ocean administration as shown in figure 3, calculating seawater physical parameter data on the basis of the data, including seawater pressure, seawater sound wave velocity, data of the change of seawater density along with depth and seawater density under standard atmospheric pressure, calculating the seawater sound wave velocity through a formula (1), calculating the seawater pressure through a formula (2), calculating the seawater density under standard atmospheric pressure through a formula (3), as shown in figure 4, and further calculating the data of the change of seawater density along with depth through a formula (4).
And determining the equivalent layer thickness of the seawater according to the seismic source wavelets and the multi-component seismic frequency bands of the stacked profile, and further determining a plurality of seawater layer structures. And (3) respectively calculating the root mean square velocity and the propagation travel time along the ray path of the wave propagating in the sea water through the formulas (10) and (11), and calculating the geometric diffusion compensation factor of the ith sea water layer structure of the seismic wave field through the formula (5) according to the minimum value of the root mean square velocity, the propagation travel time and the sea water sound wave velocity.
Scanning the multi-component seismic gather, and calculating the incident angle theta of each channel; and (3) calculating the transmission coefficient of each sea water layer structure corresponding to the incident angle through a formula (6) according to the sea water physical parameter data, and further calculating the transmission compensation factor of the ith sea water layer structure through a formula (7). And (3) according to the geometric diffusion compensation factor and the transmission compensation factor, performing channel compensation on the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data through a formula (8), and performing channel correction on the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data through a formula (9).
FIGS. 5a, 5b, and 5c show schematic cross-sectional views of the original, compensated, and corrected seismic data amplitude energy compensation, respectively, of the X-component, according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 6a, 6b, and 6c show cross-sectional views of the original, compensated, and corrected seismic data amplitude energies of the Y component, respectively, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 7a, 7b, and 7c show cross-sectional views of the raw, compensated, and corrected seismic data amplitude energies of the Z component, respectively, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 8a, 8b, and 8C show cross-sectional views of the original, compensated, and corrected seismic data amplitude energies of the C-component, respectively, according to one embodiment of the invention.
As can be seen from the figure, after the compensation of each component, the amplitude energy of the position with weak original amplitude energy is enhanced, and the corrected amplitude energy is recovered along with the change of the offset distance, so that the amplitude influence caused by seawater is eliminated.
In conclusion, the amplitude compensation and correction of the deep water multi-component seismic data are realized by calculating the information of the velocity field and the density field of the seawater change and the geometric diffusion compensation factor.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a system for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater is provided, which is characterized by comprising: a memory storing computer-executable instructions; a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of: calculating seawater physical parameter data; calculating geometric diffusion compensation factors of the seismic wave field according to the seawater physical parameter data; scanning the multi-component seismic gather, and calculating the incident angle theta of each channel; calculating the transmission coefficient of each seawater layer structure corresponding to the incident angle according to the seawater physical parameter data, and further calculating a transmission compensation factor; and performing channel separation compensation and correction on the amplitude energy in the multi-component seismic data according to the geometric diffusion compensation factor and the transmission compensation factor.
In one example, the seawater physical parameter data includes seawater pressure, seawater acoustic velocity, seawater density versus depth data, seawater density at standard atmospheric pressure.
In one example, the seawater sonic velocity is calculated by equation (1):
Figure BDA0002002979770000151
wherein D is depth, S is salinity, T is temperature, and v is sea water sound wave velocity at different depths, salinity and temperature in sea water.
In one example, the seawater pressure is calculated by equation (2):
Figure BDA0002002979770000152
wherein P is the data of the seawater pressure changing with the depth, C1In order to calculate the parameters of the device,
Figure BDA0002002979770000161
l is the latitude of the exploration area; the seawater density at standard atmospheric pressure is calculated by equation (3):
Figure BDA0002002979770000162
wherein den0B0 ═ 8.24493e for sea water density at standard atmospheric pressure-1，b1＝-4.0899e-3，b2＝7.6438e-5，b3＝-8.2467e-7，b4＝5.3875e-9，c0＝-5.72466e-3，c1＝+1.0227e-4，c2＝-1.6546e-6，d0＝-8.2467e-7，den1＝ao+(a1+(a2+(a3+(a4+a5*T68)*T68)*T68)*T68)*T68，a0＝999.842594，a1＝-6.793952e-2，a2＝-9.09529e-3，a3＝1.001685e-4，a4＝-1.120083e-6，a5＝6.536332e-9The above parameters are calculation parameters, and are used for simplifying the formula.
In one example, the seawater density versus depth data is calculated by equation (4):
Figure BDA0002002979770000163
wherein den0The density of seawater under standard atmospheric pressure is pe ═ P/10, and K ═ K0+(A+B*P)*P，
Figure BDA0002002979770000164
f0＝+54.6746，f1＝-0.603459，f2＝+1.09987e-2，f3＝-6.1670e-5，g0＝+1.6483e-2，g1＝+1.6483e-2，g2＝-5.3009e-4，KW＝eo+(e1+(e2+(e3+e4T68)*T68)*T68)*T68，e0＝19652.21，e1＝+148.4206，e2＝-2.327105，e3＝+1.360477e-2，e4＝+5.155288e-5，
Figure BDA0002002979770000165
j0＝1.91075e-4，i0＝2.2838e-3，i1＝-1.0981e-5，i2＝-1.6078e-6，AW＝h0+(h1+(h2+h3*T68)*T68)*T68，h0＝+3.239908，h1＝+1.43713e-3，h2＝+1.16092e-4，h3＝-5.77905e-7，B＝BW+(m0+(m1+m2*T68)*T68)*S，m0＝-9.9348e-7，m1＝+2.0816e-8，m2＝9.1697e-10，BW＝k0+(k1+k2*T68)*T68，k0＝+8.50935e-5，k1＝-6.12293e-6，k2＝5.2787e-8The above parameters are calculation parameters, and are used for simplifying the formula.
In one example, the geometric diffusion compensation factor is calculated by equation (5):
Figure BDA0002002979770000171
wherein D isiGeometric diffusion compensation factor for the ith sea water layer structure, VdAnd TdRoot mean square velocity and travel time of propagation, V, respectively, on the ray path of the sound waves propagating along the seaminIs the minimum value of the sea water sound wave velocity.
In one example, the equivalent layer thickness of the seawater, and thus the plurality of seawater layer structures, is determined from the stacked profile source wavelet and the multi-component seismic band.
In one example, the transmission coefficient of each seawater layer structure corresponding to the incident angle is calculated by equation (6):
Tn＝Tρ+Tv(6)
wherein, TnTransmission coefficient, T, for each sea water layer structure corresponding to the angle of incidenceρIn order to stratify the transmission coefficient which changes with the incident angle according to the density of the seawater,
Figure BDA0002002979770000172
delta rho is the sea water density difference between the lower sea water layer structure and the upper sea water layer structure, rho is the sea water density of the lower sea water layer structure, TvIn order to stratify the transmission coefficient which changes with the incident angle according to the speed of the sea water sound wave,
Figure BDA0002002979770000173
delta v is the sea water sound wave velocity difference of the lower sea water layer structure and the upper sea water layer structure, and v is the sea water sound wave velocity of the lower sea water layer structure; the transmission compensation factor is calculated by equation (7):
Figure BDA0002002979770000174
wherein, TiIs the transmission compensation factor for the ith seawater layer structure.
In one example, the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data is channel compensated by equation (8):
Sout1(t)n＝DiSin(t)n(8)
wherein S isin(t)nAmplitude energy, D, for multi-component seismic dataiGeometric diffusion compensation factor for the ith sea water layer structure, Sout1(t)nAmplitude energy of the compensated multi-component seismic data; the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data is channel corrected by equation (9):
Sout2(t)n＝TiSout1(t)n(9)
wherein S isout2(t)nTo compensate and correct for the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data, TiIs the transmission compensation factor of the ith sea water layer structure, and n is the component serial number.
The system realizes amplitude compensation and correction of deep water multi-component seismic data by calculating the information of a velocity field and a density field of seawater change and geometric diffusion compensation factors.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims (10)

1. A method for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating seawater physical parameter data;
calculating a geometric diffusion compensation factor of a seismic wave field according to the seawater physical parameter data;
scanning the multi-component seismic gather, and calculating the incident angle theta of each channel;
calculating the transmission coefficient of each seawater layer structure corresponding to the incident angle according to the seawater physical parameter data, and further calculating a transmission compensation factor;
and performing channel separation compensation and correction on the amplitude energy in the multi-component seismic data according to the geometric diffusion compensation factor and the transmission compensation factor.
2. The method for compensating and correcting amplitude energy in seawater of multicomponent seismic data of claim 1, wherein the seawater physical parameter data comprises seawater pressure, seawater acoustic velocity, seawater density-depth variation data, seawater density at standard atmospheric pressure.
3. The method for amplitude energy compensation and correction of multicomponent seismic data according to claim 2, wherein the sea acoustic velocity is calculated by equation (1):
Figure FDA0002496894840000011
wherein D is depth, S is salinity, T is temperature, and v is sea water sound wave velocity at different depths, salinity and temperature in sea water.
4. The method for amplitude energy compensation and correction of multicomponent seismic data in seawater as claimed in claim 2, wherein the seawater pressure is calculated by equation (2):
Figure FDA0002496894840000012
wherein P is the data of the seawater pressure changing with the depth, C1In order to calculate the parameters of the device,
Figure FDA0002496894840000021
l is the latitude of the exploration area;
calculating the seawater density at standard atmospheric pressure by equation (3):
Figure FDA0002496894840000022
wherein den0The seawater density under standard atmospheric pressure is T68-T1.00024, b 0-8.24493 e-1，b1＝-4.0899e-3，b2＝7.6438e-5，b3＝-8.2467e-7，b4＝5.3875e-9，c0＝-5.72466e-3，c1＝+1.0227e-4，c2＝-1.6546e-6，d0＝-8.2467e-7，den1＝ao+(a1+(a2+(a3+(a4+a5*T68)*T68)*T68)*T68)*T68，a0＝999.842594，a1＝-6.793952e-2，a2＝-9.09529e-3，a3＝1.001685e-4，a4＝-1.120083e-6，a5＝6.536332e-9D is depth, S is salinity, and T is temperature.
5. The method for amplitude energy compensation and correction in seawater of multicomponent seismic data of claim 4, wherein the seawater density versus depth data is calculated by equation (4):
Figure FDA0002496894840000023
wherein den0The density of seawater under standard atmospheric pressure is pe ═ P/10, and K ═ K0+(A+B*P)*P，
Figure FDA0002496894840000024
f0＝+54.6746，f1＝-0.603459，f2＝+1.09987e-2，f3＝-6.1670e-5，g0＝+1.6483e-2，g1＝+1.6483e-2，g2＝-5.3009e-4，KW＝eo+(e1+(e2+(e3+e4T68)*T68)*T68)*T68，e0＝19652.21，e1＝+148.4206，e2＝-2.327105，e3＝+1.360477e-2，e4＝+5.155288e-5，
Figure FDA0002496894840000025
j0＝1.91075e-4，i0＝2.2838e-3，i1＝-1.0981e-5，i2＝-1.6078e-6，AW＝h0+(h1+(h2+h3*T68)*T68)*T68，h0＝+3.239908，h1＝+1.43713e-3，h2＝+1.16092e-4，h3＝-5.77905e-7，B＝BW+(m0+(m1+m2*T68)*T68)*S，m0＝-9.9348e-7，m1＝+2.0816e-8，m2＝9.1697e-10，BW＝k0+(k1+k2*T68)*T68，k0＝+8.50935e-5，k1＝-6.12293e-6，k2＝5.2787e-8。
6. The method for amplitude energy compensation and correction of multicomponent seismic data in seawater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the geometric dispersion compensation factor is calculated by equation (5):
Figure FDA0002496894840000031
wherein D isiGeometric diffusion compensation factor for the ith sea water layer structure, VdAnd TdRoot mean square velocity and travel time of propagation, V, respectively, on the ray path of the sound waves propagating along the seaminIs the minimum value of the sea water sound wave velocity.
7. The method for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multi-component seismic data in seawater as claimed in claim 6, wherein the equivalent layer thickness of seawater is determined according to the stack profile source wavelet and the multi-component seismic frequency band, thereby determining a plurality of seawater layer structures.
8. The method for compensating and correcting amplitude energy in sea water of multicomponent seismic data as claimed in claim 7, wherein the transmission coefficient of each sea water layer structure corresponding to the incident angle is calculated by formula (6):
Tn＝Tρ+Tv(6)
wherein, TnTransmission coefficient, T, for each sea water layer structure corresponding to the angle of incidenceρFor penetration according to the change of incident angle of sea water density stratificationThe coefficient of the radiation is,
Figure FDA0002496894840000032
delta rho is the sea water density difference between the lower sea water layer structure and the upper sea water layer structure, rho is the sea water density of the lower sea water layer structure, TvIn order to stratify the transmission coefficient which changes with the incident angle according to the speed of the sea water sound wave,
Figure FDA0002496894840000033
delta v is the sea water sound wave velocity difference of the lower sea water layer structure and the upper sea water layer structure, and v is the sea water sound wave velocity of the lower sea water layer structure;
calculating the transmission compensation factor by equation (7):
Figure FDA0002496894840000041
wherein, TiIs the transmission compensation factor for the ith seawater layer structure.
9. The method for compensating and correcting amplitude energy in sea water of multicomponent seismic data as claimed in claim 8, wherein the amplitude energy of the multicomponent seismic data is channel compensated by equation (8):
Sout1(t)n＝DiSin(t)n(8)
wherein S isin(t)nAmplitude energy, D, for multi-component seismic dataiGeometric diffusion compensation factor for the ith sea water layer structure, Sout1(t)nAmplitude energy of the compensated multi-component seismic data;
the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data is channel corrected by equation (9):
Sout2(t)n＝TiSout1(t)n(9)
wherein S isout2(t)nTo compensate and correct for the amplitude energy of the multi-component seismic data, TiIs the transmission of the ith sea water layer structureAnd n is a component serial number.
10. A system for compensating and correcting amplitude energy of multicomponent seismic data in seawater, the system comprising:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of:
calculating seawater physical parameter data;
determining the equivalent layer thickness of the seawater according to the seismic source wavelets of the stacking section and the multi-component seismic frequency band, and further determining a plurality of seawater layer structures;
calculating a geometric diffusion compensation factor of a seismic wave field according to the seawater physical parameter data;
scanning the multi-component seismic gather, and calculating the incident angle theta of each channel;
calculating the transmission coefficient of each seawater layer structure corresponding to the incident angle according to the seawater physical parameter data, and further calculating a transmission compensation factor;
and performing channel separation compensation and correction on the amplitude energy in the multi-component seismic data according to the geometric diffusion compensation factor and the transmission compensation factor.
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