CN110024618B - Cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus cooke - Google Patents
Cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus cooke Download PDFInfo
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- CN110024618B CN110024618B CN201910426551.7A CN201910426551A CN110024618B CN 110024618 B CN110024618 B CN 110024618B CN 201910426551 A CN201910426551 A CN 201910426551A CN 110024618 B CN110024618 B CN 110024618B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus cooke, which comprises the following steps: selecting fungus material tree species, manufacturing cut logs, performing alkali liquor disinfection and sterilization treatment on the cut logs, inducing polyporus rhinoceros sclerotium, inoculating the polyporus rhinoceros sclerotium to the cut logs for culture, putting the cultured cut logs containing the polyporus rhinoceros sclerotium into a planting furrow, covering the planted furrow with soil and performing field management; according to the method, a plurality of endophytic fungi are separated and purified from wild polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium, and the endophytic fungi and polyporusrhinocerus cooke are subjected to symbiotic culture and other treatments, so that the culture yield of polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium can be improved by performing cut-log culture on the polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium, and polyporusrhinocerus cooke with large individual volume and complete shape can be harvested.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polyporusrhinocerus cooke cultivation, in particular to a cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus cooke.
Background
The polyporusrhinocerus griseus is a medicinal and edible fungus widely used by native people in Malaysia, is a national treasure in Malaysia, always depends on limited wild resources, is an effective way for solving the problem of being in a pretty state, and has a wide development prospect.
The yield of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke planted by the existing polyporusrhinocerus cooke cultivation method is unstable, the grown polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium is small in individual volume, large in product form difference and low in quality, so that sales is affected, the generated economic benefit is reduced, and the polyporusrhinocerus cooke cultivation development is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating the cut-log of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke.A plurality of endophytic fungi are separated and purified from the sclerotium of the wild polyporusrhinocerus cooke, and the endophytic fungi and the polyporusrhinocerus cooke are subjected to symbiotic cultivation and other treatments, and the finally formed sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke is subjected to cut-log cultivation, so that the cultivating yield of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke can be improved, and the polyporusrhinocerus cooke with large individual.
The invention provides a cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus cooke, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting broad-leaved trees which are free from diseases and insect pests, withered and dead and have excellent tree forms as the fungus wood tree species;
step two: preparing log, selecting fungus tree species with the diameter of 3-15 cm for felling in the period from 12 months to 1 month of the next year, cutting the fungus tree species to prepare log, and performing alkali liquor disinfection and sterilization treatment on the log;
step three: inducing polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium, separating and purifying a plurality of endophytic fungi from wild polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium, carrying out symbiotic culture on the obtained endophytic fungi and polyporusrhinocerus cooke, then screening endophytic fungi which have a promoting effect on polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium formation, adding the endophytic fungi which have the promoting effect into a polyporusrhinocerus cooke pure culture, controlling the pH value to be 6-7, screening an inducer capable of promoting polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium formation, and carrying out endophytic fungus culture to form polyporusrhinocerus cooke scleroti;
step four: inoculating sclerotium of Polyporus Rhinoceros Linnaeus to the cut log for culturing for 65-75 days when the temperature is stabilized at 10-12 deg.C;
step five: selecting a greenhouse planting land in the late May to the early June, making furrows in the greenhouse planting land along the north-south direction, digging shallow trenches, horizontally placing the cultivated cut wood containing the sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke on the surfaces of the furrows, and covering the furrows with 3 cm of soil;
step six: and field management, namely after the cut log containing the sclerotium of the polyporum rolfsii is planted, ensuring that the greenhouse is planted in a scattered light environment in the early stage, ensuring that the light intensity range is 200-1000 lux, and ensuring that the greenhouse is planted in a strong light environment in the later stage, and ensuring that the temperature and the air humidity in the greenhouse are constant.
The further improvement lies in that: in the first step, the broad-leaved tree is any one of oak, maple, linden, elm, Japanese elm or juglans mandshurica.
The further improvement lies in that: and when the fungus seed trees in the second step are cut off, the length of the manufactured cut log is ensured to be 15-20 cm, the bark on the surface of the cut log is ensured to be not damaged, the cut surface of the cut log is ensured to be flat, and branches on the surface of the cut log are required to be cut flat.
The further improvement lies in that: and in the second step, during the sterilization treatment, the log is firstly placed into a polyethylene bag for sealing, and then normal-pressure steam sterilization treatment is adopted, wherein the sterilization temperature is 100 ℃, and the sterilization time is 8-10 hours.
The further improvement lies in that: and in the second step, the alkali liquor disinfection is carried out by leaching and disinfecting with an aqueous solution of plant ash and clear water, the mass ratio of the plant ash to the clear water is 1:10, and the plant ash and the clear water are mixed and then need to be stirred for 20-30 minutes.
The further improvement lies in that: in the fourth step, the inoculation process of the sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke needs to be disinfected, 10 to 15 grams of sulfur is adopted in each cubic meter of space for fumigation and disinfection for 8 to 10 hours, and then atomized disinfectant is used for atomization and disinfection.
The further improvement lies in that: in the fourth step, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 60% in the inoculation process of the sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke, and ventilation treatment is needed in the inoculation period.
The further improvement lies in that: in the fifth step, the width of the ridge is controlled to be 1.0-1.3 meters, the depth is 0.l meter, and the planting distance is 3-5 centimeters.
The further improvement lies in that: in the sixth step, the temperature in the greenhouse planting field is controlled to be 28-33 ℃, the water content of the soil layer of the greenhouse planting field is ensured to be 70-75%, proper water is sprayed for 1-2 times every day, the air humidity is ensured to be constant to be 85% -95%, and harvesting is carried out in the beginning of 10 months.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through separating and purifying a plurality of endophytic fungi from wild polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium, and carrying out symbiotic culture and other treatments on the endophytic fungi and polyporusrhinocerus cooke, the finally formed polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium is subjected to cut-log cultivation, so that the cultivation yield of polyporusrhinocerus cooke can be improved, the consumption of other materials in the cultivation process is less, the cost investment is effectively saved, meanwhile, polyporusrhinocerus cooke with large individual volume and complete form can be harvested, and the economic benefit generated by the cultivation production of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, objectives and functions of the invention easy to understand, the invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example one
A cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus cooke comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting oak trees which are free from diseases and insect pests, withered and dead and have excellent tree forms as fungus material tree species;
step two: preparing log, selecting a log tree with the diameter of 12 centimeters for felling in the period of 12 months to 1 month of the next year, cutting the log tree, ensuring that the length of the prepared log is 18 centimeters when the log tree is cut, ensuring that the bark on the surface of the log is not damaged and the cut surface of the log is flat, cutting branches on the surface of the log to be flat to prepare the log, sterilizing the log by alkali liquor and sterilizing, sealing the log in a polyethylene bag, sterilizing by adopting normal-pressure steam at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 9 hours, leaching and sterilizing by adopting an aqueous solution of plant ash and clear water by adopting alkali liquor for alkali liquor sterilization, wherein the mass ratio of the plant ash to the clear water is 1:10, and stirring for 25 minutes after mixing the plant ash and the clear water;
step three: inducing polyporusrhinocerus sclerotium, separating and purifying a plurality of endophytic fungi from wild polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus sclerotium, carrying out symbiotic culture on the obtained endophytic fungi and polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus, then screening endophytic fungi which have a promoting effect on polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus sclerotium formation, adding the endophytic fungi which have the promoting effect into a polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus pure culture, controlling the pH value to be 6.5, screening an inducer capable of promoting the polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus sclerotium formation, and carrying out endophytic fungi culture to form polyporusrhinocer;
step four: when the temperature is stable at 11 ℃, inoculating polyporusrhinocerus to a cut log for culturing for 65 days, wherein sterilization treatment is required in the polyporusrhinocerus inoculation process, 12 g of sulfur is adopted in each cubic meter of space for fumigation and disinfection for 9 hours, then atomization disinfection is performed by using atomized disinfectant, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is 60% in the polyporusrhinocerus inoculation process, and ventilation treatment is required during inoculation;
step five: selecting a greenhouse planting land in the late May to the early June, making furrows in the greenhouse planting land along the north-south direction, digging shallow trenches, controlling the width of each furrow to be 1.2 meters, the depth to be 0.l meter and the planting distance to be 4 cm, horizontally placing the cultivated cut wood containing the sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus on the surfaces of the furrows, and covering by covering with 3 cm soil;
step six: and (2) field management, namely after planting the cut log containing the sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke, ensuring that the greenhouse is planted in a scattered light environment in the early stage and the light intensity range is 200 lux, ensuring that the greenhouse is planted in a strong light environment in the later stage and the temperature and the air humidity in the greenhouse planting field are constant, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse planting field to be 30 ℃, ensuring that the water content of a soil layer of the greenhouse planting field is 72%, spraying water for 2 times every day in a proper amount, ensuring that the air humidity is constant to be 90%, and harvesting in the early 10 months.
Example two
A cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus cooke comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting oak trees which are free from diseases and insect pests, withered and dead and have excellent tree forms as fungus material tree species;
step two: preparing log, selecting a log tree with the diameter of 12 centimeters for felling in the period of 12 months to 1 month of the next year, cutting the log tree, ensuring that the length of the prepared log is 18 centimeters when the log tree is cut, ensuring that the bark on the surface of the log is not damaged and the cut surface of the log is flat, cutting branches on the surface of the log to be flat to prepare the log, sterilizing the log by alkali liquor and sterilizing, sealing the log in a polyethylene bag, sterilizing by adopting normal-pressure steam at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 9 hours, leaching and sterilizing by adopting an aqueous solution of plant ash and clear water by adopting alkali liquor for alkali liquor sterilization, wherein the mass ratio of the plant ash to the clear water is 1:10, and stirring for 25 minutes after mixing the plant ash and the clear water;
step three: inducing polyporusrhinocerus sclerotium, separating and purifying a plurality of endophytic fungi from wild polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus sclerotium, carrying out symbiotic culture on the obtained endophytic fungi and polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus, then screening endophytic fungi which have a promoting effect on polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus sclerotium formation, adding the endophytic fungi which have the promoting effect into a polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus pure culture, controlling the pH value to be 6.5, screening an inducer capable of promoting the polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus sclerotium formation, and carrying out endophytic fungi culture to form polyporusrhinocer;
step four: when the temperature is stable at 11 ℃, inoculating polyporusrhinocerus to a cut log for culturing for 65 days, wherein sterilization treatment is required in the polyporusrhinocerus inoculation process, 12 g of sulfur is adopted in each cubic meter of space for fumigation and disinfection for 9 hours, then atomization disinfection is performed by using atomized disinfectant, the temperature is controlled at 28 ℃ in the polyporusrhinocerus inoculation process, the humidity is 60%, and ventilation treatment is required during inoculation;
step five: selecting a greenhouse planting land in the late May to the early June, making furrows in the greenhouse planting land along the north-south direction, digging shallow trenches, controlling the width of each furrow to be 1.2 meters, the depth to be 0.l meter and the planting distance to be 4 cm, horizontally placing the cultivated cut wood containing the sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus on the surfaces of the furrows, and covering by covering with 3 cm soil;
step six: and (2) field management, namely after planting the cut log containing the sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke, ensuring that the greenhouse is planted in a scattered light environment in the early stage and the light intensity range is 600 lux, ensuring that the greenhouse is planted in a strong light environment in the later stage and the temperature and the air humidity in the greenhouse planting field are constant, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse planting field to be 30 ℃, ensuring that the water content of a soil layer of the greenhouse planting field is 72%, spraying water for 2 times every day in a proper amount, ensuring that the air humidity is constant to be 90%, and harvesting in the early 10 months.
EXAMPLE III
A cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus cooke comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting oak trees which are free from diseases and insect pests, withered and dead and have excellent tree forms as fungus material tree species;
step two: preparing log, selecting a log tree with the diameter of 12 centimeters for felling in the period of 12 months to 1 month of the next year, cutting the log tree, ensuring that the length of the prepared log is 18 centimeters when the log tree is cut, ensuring that the bark on the surface of the log is not damaged and the cut surface of the log is flat, cutting branches on the surface of the log to be flat to prepare the log, sterilizing the log by alkali liquor and sterilizing, sealing the log in a polyethylene bag, sterilizing by adopting normal-pressure steam at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 9 hours, leaching and sterilizing by adopting an aqueous solution of plant ash and clear water by adopting alkali liquor for alkali liquor sterilization, wherein the mass ratio of the plant ash to the clear water is 1:10, and stirring for 25 minutes after mixing the plant ash and the clear water;
step three: inducing polyporusrhinocerus sclerotium, separating and purifying a plurality of endophytic fungi from wild polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus sclerotium, carrying out symbiotic culture on the obtained endophytic fungi and polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus, then screening endophytic fungi which have a promoting effect on polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus sclerotium formation, adding the endophytic fungi which have the promoting effect into a polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus pure culture, controlling the pH value to be 6.5, screening an inducer capable of promoting the polyporusrhinocerus rhinocerus sclerotium formation, and carrying out endophytic fungi culture to form polyporusrhinocer;
step four: when the temperature is stable at 11 ℃, inoculating polyporusrhinocerus to a cut log for culturing for 75 days, wherein sterilization treatment is required in the polyporusrhinocerus inoculation process, 12 g of sulfur is adopted in each cubic meter of space for fumigation and disinfection for 9 hours, then atomization disinfection is performed by using atomized disinfectant, the temperature is controlled at 30 ℃ in the polyporusrhinocerus inoculation process, the humidity is 60%, and ventilation treatment is required during inoculation;
step five: selecting a greenhouse planting land in the late May to the early June, making furrows in the greenhouse planting land along the north-south direction, digging shallow trenches, controlling the width of each furrow to be 1.2 meters, the depth to be 0.l meter and the planting distance to be 4 cm, horizontally placing the cultivated cut wood containing the sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus on the surfaces of the furrows, and covering by covering with 3 cm soil;
step six: and (2) field management, namely after planting the cut log containing the sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke, ensuring that the greenhouse is planted in a scattered light environment in the early stage and the light intensity range is 1000 lux, ensuring that the greenhouse is planted in a strong light environment in the later stage and the temperature and the air humidity in the greenhouse planting field are constant, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse planting field to be 30 ℃, ensuring that the water content of a soil layer of the greenhouse planting field is 72%, spraying water for 2 times every day in a proper amount, ensuring that the air humidity is constant to be 90%, and harvesting in the early 10 months.
According to the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the polyporus rhinoceros sclerotium is inoculated on the cut log and cultured for 65-75 days, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the polyporus rhinoceros sclerotium inoculation process, the greenhouse is ensured to be in a scattered light environment in the early stage after the cut log containing the polyporus rhinoceros sclerotium is planted, the light intensity range is 200-1000 lux, the volume of the harvested polyporus rhinoceros is large, and the product form and the product are improved.
Through separating and purifying a plurality of endophytic fungi from wild polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium, and carrying out symbiotic culture and other treatments on the endophytic fungi and polyporusrhinocerus cooke, the finally formed polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium is subjected to cut-log cultivation, so that the cultivation yield of polyporusrhinocerus cooke can be improved, the consumption of other materials in the cultivation process is less, the cost investment is effectively saved, meanwhile, polyporusrhinocerus cooke with large individual volume and complete form can be harvested, and the economic benefit generated by the cultivation production of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus cooke is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting broad-leaved trees which are free from diseases and insect pests, withered and dead and have excellent tree forms as the fungus wood tree species;
step two: preparing log, selecting fungus tree species with the diameter of 3-15 cm for felling in the period from 12 months to 1 month of the next year, cutting the fungus tree species to prepare log, and performing alkali liquor disinfection and sterilization treatment on the log;
step three: inducing polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium, separating and purifying a plurality of endophytic fungi from wild polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium, carrying out symbiotic culture on the obtained endophytic fungi and polyporusrhinocerus cooke, then screening endophytic fungi which have a promoting effect on polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium formation, adding the endophytic fungi which have the promoting effect into a polyporusrhinocerus cooke pure culture, controlling the pH value to be 6-7, screening an inducer capable of promoting polyporusrhinocerus cooke sclerotium formation, and carrying out endophytic fungus culture to form polyporusrhinocerus cooke scleroti;
step four: inoculating sclerotium of Polyporus Rhinoceros Linnaeus to the cut log for culturing for 65-75 days when the temperature is stabilized at 10-12 deg.C;
step five: selecting a greenhouse planting land in the late May to the early June, making furrows in the greenhouse planting land along the north-south direction, digging shallow trenches, horizontally placing the cultivated cut wood containing the sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke on the surfaces of the furrows, and covering the furrows with 3 cm of soil;
step six: and field management, namely after the cut log containing the sclerotium of the polyporum rolfsii is planted, ensuring that the greenhouse is planted in a scattered light environment in the early stage, ensuring that the light intensity range is 200-1000 lux, and ensuring that the greenhouse is planted in a strong light environment in the later stage, and ensuring that the temperature and the air humidity in the greenhouse are constant.
2. The cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the broad-leaved tree is any one of oak, maple, linden, elm, Japanese elm or juglans mandshurica.
3. The cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus according to claim 1, characterized in that: and when the fungus seed trees in the second step are cut off, the length of the manufactured cut log is ensured to be 15-20 cm, the bark on the surface of the cut log is ensured to be not damaged, the cut surface of the cut log is ensured to be flat, and branches on the surface of the cut log are required to be cut flat.
4. The cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the second step, during the sterilization treatment, the log is firstly placed into a polyethylene bag for sealing, and then normal-pressure steam sterilization treatment is adopted, wherein the sterilization temperature is 100 ℃, and the sterilization time is 8-10 hours.
5. The cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the second step, the alkali liquor disinfection is carried out by leaching and disinfecting with an aqueous solution of plant ash and clear water, the mass ratio of the plant ash to the clear water is 1:10, and the plant ash and the clear water are mixed and then need to be stirred for 20-30 minutes.
6. The cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the inoculation process of the sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke needs to be disinfected, 10 to 15 grams of sulfur is adopted in each cubic meter of space for fumigation and disinfection for 8 to 10 hours, and then atomized disinfectant is used for atomization and disinfection.
7. The cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 60% in the inoculation process of the sclerotium of the polyporusrhinocerus cooke, and ventilation treatment is needed in the inoculation period.
8. The cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the width of the ridge is controlled to be 1.0-1.3 meters, the depth is 0.l meter, and the planting distance is 3-5 centimeters.
9. The cut-log cultivation method of polyporusrhinocerus according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the sixth step, the temperature in the greenhouse planting field is controlled to be 28-33 ℃, the water content of the soil layer of the greenhouse planting field is ensured to be 70-75%, proper water is sprayed for 1-2 times every day, the air humidity is ensured to be constant to be 85% -95%, and harvesting is carried out in the beginning of 10 months.
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