CN110024522A - A kind of high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction method - Google Patents
A kind of high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110024522A CN110024522A CN201910285203.2A CN201910285203A CN110024522A CN 110024522 A CN110024522 A CN 110024522A CN 201910285203 A CN201910285203 A CN 201910285203A CN 110024522 A CN110024522 A CN 110024522A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B13/00—Irrigation ditches, i.e. gravity flow, open channel water distribution systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/20—Movable barrages; Lock or dry-dock gates
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction methods, belong to agricultural ecotechnique field, the present invention includes changing the building of precipitation position farmland ground subsystem and circular biological ditch breeding subsystem, specifically: circular biological ditch is excavated in high water level farmland, the soil excavated out, which is placed directly in, changes precipitation position tableland ground, is used for tableland crop-planting；Setting is used for the water outlet of control loop ecology ditch water level according to demand, adds irrigating facility in real time.The present invention passes through the ecological niche of rational deployment and abundant farmland sysrem; increase system biological diversity; maintain farmland ecosystem moisture, nutriment balance and circulation; reduce the application of fertilizer and pesticide; agricultural area source pollutants discharge is reduced, is purified water, downstream water Environmental security is protected; improve Farmland Landscape and ecological functions, enhances the ecology and economic value in farmland.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural ecotechnique fields, specifically, are related to a kind of high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system structure
Construction method.
Background technique
Since the water surface is higher in underground reservoir, abundant water, stain will occur for normal production and plantation in high water level farmland
Evil, seriously affects the normal growth of crop, substantially reduces the productivity in farmland.Farmland underground water buried depth generally should be greater than 0.7-
0.8m, to guarantee the normal growth of crop, and high water level farmland exist cannot normal anniversary farming, production and plantation the problems such as.
At present, the aquatic work such as crop sown in spring rice cultivation, arrowhead, lotus rhizome is mainly used for high water level farmland in production
Based on object, winter becomes Winter paddy field with regard to no longer being planted, because of water level height, with resulting in farmland soil in this way utilization rate and production
Power level substantially reduces, and virtually decreases the income of peasant.Due to Winter paddy field negligence of management, moisture is sufficient, and farmland becomes
Weeds, only disease pest does not provide hibernacle, increases the outburst probability of pest and disease damage, while being also crop sown in spring plot
Arrangement increase the use cost of herbicide, while causing environmental pollution.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, the present invention provides a kind of high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system structures
Construction method, the present invention not only can effectively solve high water level farmland Winter paddy field problem, moreover it is possible to greatly improve land utilization ratio and life
Force of labor is horizontal, using limited land resource, promotes peasant's increasing both production and income, upgrading synergy, while reducing pathogeny worm sources, cuts down miscellaneous
Grass effectively reduces the use of pesticide and herbicide, reduces production cost, improves agricultural ecological landscape, reduces environmental pollution.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction method, including change precipitation position farmland ground subsystem and circular biological
The building of ditch breeding subsystem, specifically: circular biological ditch is excavated in high water level farmland, for aquatic crops plantation or aquatic products
Cultivation, the soil excavated out, which is placed directly in, changes precipitation position tableland ground, is used for tableland crop-planting, and building changes the agriculture of precipitation position
Subsystem on field；Setting is used for the water outlet of control loop ecology ditch water level according to demand；Increase in real time according to demand and irrigates
Facility provides tableland irrigation, realizes entire high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system moisture using water storage in circular biological ditch as water source
With the cycling and reutilization of nutrient.
Preferably, determining circular biological ditch-water according to tableland crop and aquatic crops kinds of planting and kind cultivation wish
Face and the width for changing precipitation position tableland ground, being maximally utilized with the water surface and tableland ground is advisable.
Preferably, the ditch depth of circular biological ditch is not less than 40cm, water surface width is not less than 60cm, and the water surface is to changing precipitation position
The vertical range of tableland earth's surface is not less than 30cm.
Preferably, changing the drop water level protection ridge changing the setting of precipitation position tableland circumferential surface, it both can guarantee and changed the drop water level protection ridge
Water penetration, adjust and change the water balance in precipitation position tableland and circular biological ditch, and shield soil, beautiful effect can be played.As
It is neatly piled up it is preferred that changing the drop water level protection ridge using hollow concrete block with holes, hollow concrete block with holes can play infiltration
Water, permeable effect, while mode neatly is piled up without using any bonding auxiliary material, it both preferably ensure that and change drop water level protection
The water penetration on the ridge has adjusted the water balance for changing precipitation position tableland and circular biological ditch well, but can play shield soil, it is beautiful,
The effect to economize on resources, the hollow brick after disassembly can also repeat to recycle.
Preferably, tableland crop is usually based on industrial crops, cereal crops, vegetables, woods fruit.Preferably, tableland
When crop with woods fruit is main, woods fruit plants early period, can between make and interplanting herbage, green manure, vegetables and short plant type industrial crops, improve
Fertility and utilization rate are protected to produce to protect and be received；Later period woods fruit Feng Lin it is raw can to establish integrated farming farmland in hayashishita cultured birds
State system.
Preferably, the configuration of aquatic crops is carried out in a manner of relatively two rows of configurations to sky in circular biological ditch, plant
When need to reserve enough water flows, fishes and shrimps and the active tunnel of birds.This configuration mode can increase water flow in circular biological ditch
Retention time, slow down water velocity, fully absorbed conducive to the nutrient being lost in circular biological ditch from tableland by crop, convert
For new productivity.Simultaneously, moreover it is possible to which the extra nutrient that effectively control agricultural non-point source pollution generates flows into surrounding water and river, protects
Protect the ecological safety of water body.
Preferably, water outlet is the double-deck water level regulation water outlet, including sluice securing device, double-row hole protection sluice and
Three rounds protect sluice, are mainly used for the water level of control loop ecology ditch, and the purpose of double layer design is that more flexible adjusting follows
The height of water level in ring ecology ditch.The double-deck sluice securing device can make of mixed mud or other materials, it is therefore an objective to guarantee water
Consolidating for lock, can effectively adjust water level.Protect sluice that can use asbestos shingle, iron plate, plank, plastic or other material production.Double-row hole
Protection sluice and three rounds protection sluice are used alternatingly according to the needs of water level regulation.Drainage hole size and height can be according to aquatic products
Cultivation type needs to design, changeable, can be high or low.This water outlet function is to adjust circular biological ditch water level, prevents water
Cultivated animals escape is produced, not only can guarantee that there are the enough depth of waters in aquaculture phase circular biological ditch, but also can guarantee letting out for rainy season
The iirigation water source of flood and lowstand period.
Preferably, the kind and type of plantation or cultivation, preferentially select " the special soil of name is excellent " type that market prospects are good
Configuration is optimized, the output value of entire high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system is effectively improved.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention changes precipitation position farmland ground subsystem and circular biological ditch breeding subsystem by constructing in high water level farmland,
Water surface elevation in high water level farmland underground water-bearing layer is effectively reduced, solves the problems, such as high water level farmland Winter paddy field, moreover it is possible to mention significantly
High land utilization ratio and productivity level promote peasant's increasing both production and income, upgrading synergy using limited land resource.Pass through water
Breeding rational deployment in land enriches farmland sysrem ecological niche, increases the bio-diversity of farmland sysrem, reduces pathogeny worm sources, cuts down
Weeds improve Farmland Landscape and ecological functions, enhance the ecology and economic value in farmland.Using water storage in circular biological ditch as water
Source provides tableland irrigation, realizes the moisture of entire high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system and the cycling and reutilization of nutrient, maintains agriculture
Field system moisture and nutrient balance effectively reduce the use of pesticide and herbicide, reduce production cost, and it is dirty to reduce agricultural area source
Dye, purifies water, and protects downstream water ecological safety.It is proposed of the invention can effectively increase the added value of product of farmland sysrem,
The Ecological Development of Promote rural and agricultural promotes increasing peasant income, has preferable dissemination.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the plan view of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the plan view of embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the double-deck water level regulation water outlet.
Specific embodiment
It, below will be to preferred reality of the invention in order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects clearer
It applies example to be described in detail, to facilitate the technical staff to understand.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is mainly for short-term, the building of the high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system of Yi Biangeng planting patterns.
As shown in Figure 1, high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system includes changing precipitation position farmland ground subsystem, circular biological ditch
Plant subsystem, wherein changing precipitation position farmland ground subsystem includes changing precipitation position tableland and tableland crop, circular biological ditch kind
Planting subsystem includes circular biological ditch, aquatic crops, water outlet, is constructed especially by following steps:
1, it according to tableland crop and aquatic crops kinds of planting, determines the circular biological ditch water surface and changes the width on precipitation position tableland ground
Degree, being maximally utilized with the water surface and tableland ground is advisable.The soil for excavating circular biological ditch, is placed directly in and changes precipitation position platform
Ground ground, for crops such as planting vegetables, the ditch depth of circular biological ditch is not less than 40cm, and water surface width is not less than 60cm, the water surface
It is not less than 30cm to the vertical range for changing precipitation position tableland earth's surface.
2, tableland crop is usually based on the single croppings section crop such as industrial crops, cereal crops and vegetables, as corn, capsicum,
Eggplant, Chinese cabbage, lotus etc..
3, for circular biological ditch aquatic crops based on the single croppings crop such as rice, wild rice stem, arrowhead, planting patterns is conventional kind
It plants, without aquaculture.This configuration mode can increase retention time of the water flow in circular biological ditch, slow down water flow velocity
Degree, is fully absorbed by crop conducive to the nutrient being lost in circular biological ditch from tableland, is converted into new productivity.Meanwhile also
The extra nutrient that can be effectively controlled agricultural non-point source pollution generation flows into surrounding water and river, protects the ecological safety of water body.
4, tableland crop and aquatic crops kind, " the special soil of name the is excellent " kind that can preferentially select market prospects good optimize
Configuration, effectively improves the output value of entire high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system.
5, according to demand, increase the irrigating facilities such as sprinkling irrigation and trickle irrigation in real time to provide using water storage in circular biological ditch as water source
Tableland is irrigated, and realizes the moisture of entire high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system and the cycling and reutilization function of nutrient.
6, the height of water outlet, depending on the plantation depth of water demand of aquatic crops, common water outlet is just able to satisfy requirement.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is mainly used for the structure for the high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system that land area is concentrated, cropping pattern is steady in a long-term
It builds.
As shown in Fig. 2, high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system includes changing precipitation position farmland ground subsystem, circular biological ditch
Plant subsystem, wherein changing precipitation position farmland ground subsystem includes changing precipitation position tableland, changing drop the water level protection ridge, economic forest
Fruit, birds colony house, birds drinking fountain stand, storing room, protective door, roll guard, personnel and birds channel, circular biological ditch plantation
System includes circular biological ditch, aquatic crops growing area, aquatic crops, aquatic livestock, the double-deck water level regulation water outlet, is specifically led to
Cross following steps building:
1, it according to tableland crop and aquatic crops kinds of planting and kind cultivation wish, determines the circular biological ditch water surface and changes precipitation position
The width on tableland ground, being maximally utilized with the water surface and tableland ground is advisable.The soil of circular biological ditch is excavated, is directly placed
In changing precipitation position tableland ground, for kind of plantation fruit and crop, the ditch depth of circular biological ditch is not less than 60cm, and water surface width is not low
In 80cm, the water surface to the vertical range for changing precipitation position tableland earth's surface is not less than 30cm.
2, change the drop water level protection ridge neatly to be piled up with hollow concrete block with holes, hollow concrete block with holes can play
Infiltration, permeable effect, while mode neatly is piled up without using any bonding auxiliary material, it both preferably ensure that and changed precipitation position guarantor
The water penetration for protecting the ridge, has adjusted the water balance for changing precipitation position tableland and circular biological ditch well, and can play shield soil, beauty
The effect see, to economize on resources, the hollow brick after disassembly can also repeat to recycle.
3, the screening of tableland crop.Tableland crop is usually based on industrial crops, cereal crops, vegetables, woods fruit etc..Lin Guo
Plant early period (in 3 years), can between make and interplanting herbage, green manure, vegetables and short plant type industrial crops, improve fertility and benefit
With rate, protects to produce to protect and receive.After 3 years, woods fruit Feng Lin can be in hayashishita cultured birds, such as chicken, duck, goose.The period of poultry cultivation needs
It flexibly holds, the underproduction caused by preventing because of cultivation.
4, the configuration of circular biological ditch aquatic crops.The configuration of aquatic crops in a manner of relatively two rows of configurations to sky into
Row, when plantation, pay attention to reserving the active tunnel of enough water flows, fishes and shrimps and duck, goose.This configuration mode can increase water flow and follow
Retention time in ring ecology ditch, slows down water velocity, is filled conducive to the nutrient being lost in circular biological ditch from tableland by crop
Divide and absorb, is converted into new productivity.Simultaneously, moreover it is possible to which the extra nutrient that effectively control agricultural non-point source pollution generates flows into surrounding water
The ecological safety of water body is protected in body and river.
5, circular biological ditch aquaculture.Aquaculture usually based on fish, shrimp, meanwhile, duck, the goose etc. of hayashishita cultivation
Water surface activities can be realized by circular biological ditch.Fish need to select to adapt to local climate environment, and can improve the kind of the production output value
Based on class.
6, tableland crop, aquatic crops, hayashishita cultivation and aquaculture kind and type, can preferentially select market
Good " the special soil of name the is excellent " type of prospect optimizes configuration, effectively improves the output value of entire high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system.
8, according to demand, increase the irrigating facilities such as sprinkling irrigation and trickle irrigation in real time to provide using water storage in circular biological ditch as water source
Tableland is irrigated, and realizes the moisture of entire high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system and the cycling and reutilization function of nutrient.
9, birds colony house, birds drinking fountain stand, storing room, protective door, roll guard, personnel and birds channel can be according to reality
Demand is built, and the present invention does not make technical uniform requirement.
10, the building (see figure 3) of the double-deck water level regulation water outlet: this water outlet is mainly used for the water of control loop ecology ditch
Position, the purpose of double layer design are the height of water level in more flexible adjusting circular biological ditch.It can guarantee that the aquaculture phase is followed
There are the enough depth of waters in ring ecology ditch, and can guarantee the flood discharge in rainy season and the iirigation water source of lowstand period.
(1) the double-deck water level regulation water outlet is by 1 set of double-deck sluice securing device, 1 piece of double-row hole protection sluice and 1 piece of three row
Sluice composition is protected in hole.
(2) the double-deck sluice securing device can make of mixed mud or other materials, it is therefore an objective to guarantee the firm of sluice, energy
Effectively adjust water level.
(3) protection sluice can use asbestos shingle, iron plate, plank, plastic or other material production.Double-row hole protects sluice and three rows
Hole protection sluice is used alternatingly according to the needs of water level regulation.Drainage hole size and height can be according to the needs of aquaculture species
Design, it is changeable, it can be high or low.Its function is to adjust circular biological ditch water level, prevents aquiculture animal from escaping.
Implementation result analysis
1, in embodiment 1, by the foundation of this system, the effect obtained in terms of ecology and economic benefit is as follows:
(1) by the increased nutrient source of circular biological ditch, system nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer amount of application is made to reduce 20% or more.
(2) subsystem is planted to the agricultural area source pollutants such as nitrogen phosphorus in agricultural drain by giving full play to circular biological ditch
Ecological purification function is compared before establishing compared with this system, circular biological ditch be discharged the ammonium nitrogen of water, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen it is flat
Equal loss load cuts down 33% or more.
(3) this system is by increasing the plantation of winter vernal crop diversity, " the special soil of name is excellent " increased added value of agricultural and sideline product, and
Agriculture chemical subtracts the cost for applying saving, compares before establishing compared with this system, mu increases income 20% or more.
(4) weeds and wintering pest source in system are effectively controlled by this system anniversary supply, makes applications of pesticide amount
Reduce by 35% or more.
2, in embodiment 2, by the foundation of this system, the effect obtained in terms of ecology and economic benefit is as follows:
(1) by increased nutrient sources of measures such as circular biological ditch, poultry dung, aquaculture excrement and green manure interplantings, make system
Nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer amount of application reduces 25% or more.
(2) subsystem is planted to the agricultural area source pollutants such as nitrogen phosphorus in agricultural drain by giving full play to circular biological ditch
Ecological purification function is compared before establishing compared with this system, circular biological ditch be discharged the ammonium nitrogen of water, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen it is flat
Equal loss load cuts down 30% or more.
(3) pass through birds and aquaculture in this system, " the special soil of name is excellent " the increased added value of agricultural and sideline product and pesticide
Chemical fertilizer subtracts the cost for applying saving, compares before establishing compared with this system, mu increases income 43% or more.
(4) it is established by this system, poultry cultivation and system anniversary supply are effectively controlled weeds and disease in system
Insect pest makes applications of pesticide amount reduce by 40% or more.
In conclusion water surface elevation in high water level farmland underground water-bearing layer is effectively reduced in the present invention, solves high water level agriculture
Field Winter paddy field problem, moreover it is possible to greatly improve land utilization ratio and productivity level, using limited land resource, peasant be promoted to increase
Production increases income, upgrading synergy.By land and water breeding rational deployment, farmland sysrem ecological niche is enriched, the biology for increasing farmland sysrem is more
Sample reduces pathogeny worm sources, cuts down weeds, improves Farmland Landscape and ecological functions, enhances the ecology and economic value in farmland.With
Water storage is water source in circular biological ditch, provides tableland irrigation, realizes the moisture of entire high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system and supports
The cycling and reutilization divided maintains farmland sysrem moisture and nutrient balance, effectively reduces the use of pesticide and herbicide, reduces production
Cost reduces agricultural non-point source pollution, purifies water, and protects downstream water ecological safety.
It is proposed of the invention can effectively increase the added value of product of farmland sysrem, the ecology hair of Promote rural and agricultural
Exhibition promotes increasing peasant income, has preferable dissemination.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention rather than limits, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction method, it is characterised in that: including changing precipitation position farmland ground subsystem
The building of system and circular biological ditch breeding subsystem, specifically: circular biological ditch is excavated in high water level farmland, is used for aquatic work
Species are planted or aquaculture, and the soil excavated out, which is placed directly in, changes precipitation position tableland ground, are used for tableland crop-planting；Root
The water outlet of control loop ecology ditch water level is used for according to demand setting；Increase irrigating facility, in real time according to demand with circular biological
Water storage is water source in ditch, provides tableland irrigation, realizes the circulation of entire high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system moisture and nutrient again
It utilizes.
2. a kind of high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: according to platform
Ground crop and aquatic crops kinds of planting and kind cultivation wish, determine the circular biological ditch water surface and change the width on precipitation position tableland ground
Degree, being maximally utilized with the water surface and tableland ground is advisable.
3. a kind of high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: circulation life
The ditch depth of state ditch is not less than 40cm, and water surface width is not less than 60cm, and the water surface is not low to the vertical range for changing precipitation position tableland earth's surface
In 30cm.
4. a kind of high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: changing drop
Circumferential surface setting in water level tableland changes the drop water level protection ridge, both can guarantee the water penetration for changing the drop water level protection ridge, and adjusting changes precipitation position platform
The water balance on ground and circular biological ditch, and shield soil, beautiful effect can be played.
5. a kind of high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: change drop
It is neatly piled up using hollow concrete block with holes on the water level protection ridge.
6. according to claim 1 or a kind of 2 described in any item high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction methods, feature exist
In: tableland crop is usually based on industrial crops, cereal crops, vegetables, woods fruit.
7. according to claim 1 or a kind of 6 described in any item high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction methods, feature exist
When it is main that: tableland crop is with woods fruit, woods fruit plants early period, can between make and interplanting herbage, green manure, vegetables and short plant type economy are made
Object improves fertility and utilization rate, protects to produce to protect and receive；Later period woods fruit Feng Lin can establish integrated farming in hayashishita cultured birds
Farmland ecosystem.
8. according to claim 1 or a kind of 3 described in any item high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction methods, feature exist
In: the configuration of aquatic crops is carried out in a manner of relatively two rows of configurations to sky in circular biological ditch, and when plantation need to reserve enough
Active tunnel.
9. a kind of high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: water outlet
Sluice is protected for the double-deck water level regulation water outlet, including sluice securing device, double-row hole protection sluice and three rounds, function is
Circular biological ditch water level is adjusted, prevents aquiculture animal from escaping, both can guarantee that there are foots in aquaculture phase circular biological ditch
The enough depth of water, and can guarantee the flood discharge in rainy season and the iirigation water source of lowstand period.
10. a kind of high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system construction method according to claim 1-8, feature exist
In: the kind and type of plantation or cultivation, preferentially good " the special soil of name the is excellent " type of selection market prospects optimizes configuration, has
Effect improves the output value of entire high water level agricultural ecological agricultural system.
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