CN110003928A - A kind of method of coal gasification reduction and liquid separation and recovery - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of reduction of coal gasification and the methods of liquid separation and recovery comprising step: fine coal drying, and the fine coal after drying enters cold slag humidification system after through level-one gasification reduction and second level gasification reduction and obtains product upgraded coal；The oil gas that I and II gasification reduction generates respectively successively obtains coal tar, waste water, lime-ash by gas solid separation and oil gas cooling；Oil gas rich gas after cooling enters electric fishing coke installation, obtains a certain amount of light oil and a small amount of lime-ash；Then rich gas enters liquefaction gas separating system liquefaction separation, obtains light oil and liquefied gas；Rich gas successively enters decompression tank and rich gas cabinet under the action of level-one, second depressurized device, rich gas from rich gas cabinet generates high-temperature flue gas by biomass gasification boiler, heat source is provided for I and II gasification reduction apparatus, the low-temperature flue gas generated after heat supply is merged into dehydration flue gas together with dehydration heat supply hot-air and provides heat source for pre-dehydration device.

Description

A kind of method of coal gasification reduction and liquid separation and recovery

Technical field

The present invention relates to coal substance cleaning pretreatment, comprehensive utilization, energy-conserving and emission-cutting technology fields, more particularly, to a kind of powder The method of coal gasification reduction and liquid separation and recovery.

Background technique

According to " Coal Clean efficiently utilizes action plan (2015-2020) " that National Energy Board issues, coal will be pushed Charcoal clean and effective using mechanism, building cleaning, efficient, low-carbon, sustainable clean coal utilization system, encourages low order coal grading Sub-prime technical research and demonstration.Coal is classified sub-prime and utilizes, and Main way is to do clean fuel and quality raw materials from now on, both can be only Vertical industrialization deep processing, and coal chemical industry can be coupled and change legacy paths.

The sub-prime classified utilization of coal is mainly for lump coal at present, and there are water consumptions for lump coal utilization greatly, recycling low efficiency, two Secondary seriously polluted equal bottlenecks.There are not mature industry production project, Zhejiang University's recirculating fluidized bed coal so far to the utilization of fine coal Charcoal staged conversion Poly-generation technology, Dalian University of Technology's solid thermal carriers (DG) technique, Shenhua modularization solid thermal carriers technology Pilot scale is completed in equal heat carriers, but industrial applications are also not implemented.Other fine coal that the on-the-spot investigation country has been built up are comprehensive It can not be separated online in the presence of oil, gas, dirt using project and lead to not continuous normal production, environmental protection caused by oil and gas leakage is pacified Full defect is difficult to overcome.Study carefully its core reasons or each key technique existing defects, especially core heat exchange, temperature control, remove Dirt and Pressure Control Technology are unqualified, and it is very big to lead to run difficult rectification difficulty.

Because of popularizing for machine instruction statement mining technology, fine coal ratio in coal is greatly improved, and fine coal clean and effective, which utilizes, becomes row Industry significant bottleneck, once breaking through is exactly huge industry opportunity.

Coal in China uses and reserves are in the majority with low-order coal, the main atmosphere total emission volumn coal such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides Contribution accounts for 2/3rds or more, and coal clean and effective is utilized and has become national strategy and inevitable choice.Clean and effective utilizes main two A direction, first is that end treatment, minimum discharge after coal combustion, second is that source clean utilization.Original will be done again after coal cleaning pretreatment Material or high-grade fuel change tradition and utilize path, can substantially change from economical and environmentally friendly angle existing using mode.

Coal material composition includes organic matter (hydrocarbon oxygen nitrogen sulphur etc.), inanimate matter (moisture and minerals) two major classes.Wherein, have Heat caused by the burning of machine matter is its energy value place, and moisture absorbs heat in coal substance combustion and becomes vapor, not only The calorific value of coal substance and market value are influenced, the hiding security risk that furnace pressure is unstable is more brought.

So the removal of moisture has the meaning that can not be despised for the comprehensive utilization of coal substance.Separate unit coal substance at present Drying equipment it is more, but integrated system equipment is less.Publication No. discloses a kind of clean for the patent of invention of CN107504789A Net drying device for molded coal, including drying oven, drying oven top are equipped with feed inlet, and bottom is equipped with discharge port, and drying oven passes through hot wind Pipeline connects pressure fan, and heat dissipation air supply tube is equipped in drying oven, and heat dissipation air supply tube helically rises shape, heat dissipation air supply tube connection heat Air piping, radiate air supply tube on be provided with several ventilation holes；Umbrella material separating disc is equipped in feed inlet on drying oven；Drying oven passes through Cleaning shaft connects suction ventilator, and suction ventilator air outlet connects recyclable device.The above vertical drying unit produces on one side, connects on one side Not can guarantee while continuous discharging coal sub-material is uniform, Medium Exchange sufficiently, moisture evaporation thoroughly, the coal substance by drying Water content tends not to reach expected standard.And the vertical preposition Transmission system gradient of drying unit is larger, equipment energy consumption is higher.

Publication No. is that CN101985558 discloses a kind of resolving device of coal substance, including one has feed inlet and goes out The closed kiln body of material mouth, the kiln body is interior to be arranged flame feed channel heating mechanism, the flame feed channel heating mechanism and kiln body inner wall Between the coal substance that is formed promote decomposition channels, the coal decomposition gas that setting is connected to coal substance propulsion decomposition channels in the kiln body Collecting pipe.The equipment can resolve into powder coal combustion gas, tar gas and the higher coal of calorific value, but treating capacity is small, is difficult to industrialize Using.

Meanwhile powder coal upgrading energy one side continuous production, high-temperature dust is efficiently removed on one side, and continuous mass production integrates Equipment is domestic almost without some is also the dust processing that stop production two weeks.

Summary of the invention

To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of reduction of coal gasification and liquid separation and recovery Method, by a series of advanced technologies, to realize that continuous mass production provides sufficient guarantee.It is big to improve value of the product Width is promoted, and has boundless economic significance and social effect.

The purpose of the present invention is reached by following measures:

The method of a kind of reduction of coal gasification and liquid separation and recovery, it is characterised in that include the following steps:

1) fine coal of smalls silo enters pre-dehydration device drying by orlop discharging device, and the fine coal after drying is through gasifying Feeding device enters level-one gasification reduction apparatus, and the solid material after reaction enters second level gasification also through closed high temperature resistant conveying device again Original device.

2) high-temperature material obtained after second level gasification reduction sufficiently reaction enters cold slag humidification system by discharging device Obtain product upgraded coal；The high-temperature oil gas that I and II gasification reduction generates is respectively successively cooling by gas solid separation and oil gas, most Enter putty separation system together afterwards and obtains coal tar, waste water, lime-ash；Coal tar and waste water enter tank respectively, and lime-ash returns again to two Grade gasification reduction reaction；Part oil gas cooling device exchanges heat to obtain hot-air or hot water by shell and tube, supplies other equipment.

3) oil gas on-condensible gas after cooling (i.e. rich gas) enters electric fishing coke installation, obtains a small amount of lime-ash and light oil, It, into liquefaction gas separating system liquefaction separation, is obtained under the power effect of compressibility under roots blower driving through desulphurization system To light oil and liquefied gas.

4) on-condensible gas successively enters decompression tank and rich gas cabinet under the action of level-one, second depressurized device；From rich gas The rich gas of cabinet generates high-temperature flue gas by biomass gasification boiler, provides heat source for I and II gasification reduction apparatus；What is generated after heat supply is low Warm flue gas is merged into dehydration flue gas together with dehydration heat supply hot-air and provides heat source for pre-dehydration device.

5) dust-laden, steam-laden flue gas of pre-dehydration device generation successively pass through cloth bag under the effect of air inducing mechanomotive force Dedusting and condensing recovery, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, qualified discharge after desulphurization denitration processing.

Gasify reduction technique, also referred to as reduction and gaseous technology, is using inverse recovery principle, in low temperature oxygen-free atmospheric pressure environment condition Under (temperature is generally 250 DEG C~550 DEG C, pressure≤30Kpa) formed by hydrocarbon from high molecular weight redox at low molecule Solid carbon, liquid oil and on-condensible gas, 100% recycling.By (being equivalent to the mixing of natural gas and liquefied gas to on-condensible gas Gas) purification, used as clean energy resource heat supply.

The automatic transformation technology of oil gas and the online isolation technics of oil gas dirt: the hydrocarbon after decomposition does not coagulate flammable with largely Gas form exists, and adjusting ratio based on temperature can control oil gas to generate ratio.In the process section, the control of oil gas temperature is in design area In, final temperature control is room temperature after step cooling and recycling product, and during which, heavy oil, greasy filth enter reaction kettle, miscella into Enter oil storage tank as downstream raw material or fuel, purified on-condensible gas enters subsequent gas-electrotransformation device.Mixed oil and gas is dividing It is aided with oily spray in the step temperature-fall period of matter removing, the dust being mingled in oil gas is made to be wrapped by and stop and influence linear rise Speed, and then removed from gas phase.Greasy filth automatic fall-back containing dust realizes that oil gas dirt separates online to front reaction device.

Oil gas voltage stabilizing technique: oil gas conversion process section establishes normal pressure, three pieces of middle pressure, high pressure subregions, by oil gas in atmospheric reverse The instantaneous variation answered is converted into the faint variation in mesohigh area, passes through the storage of gas and release buffer system energy and pressure Change, solve maximum safety difficulties in the production of such process industry metaplasia --- the realization of pressure stabilizing operation.

The coal tar includes low temperature (450 DEG C~650 DEG C) retort tar, low temperature and (600 DEG C~800 DEG C) of medium temperature hairs Raw coke oven tar, medium temperature (900 DEG C~1000 DEG C) vertical coal tar, high temperature (1000 DEG C) coking tar.Signified coal tar of the invention Oil is coalite tar.Coalite tar is as coal or oil shale through oil product obtained by low temperature distillation.Brown.Have special smelly Taste.At room temperature, relative density about 0.85kg/m³.Main component is cycloalkane and alkane etc..Light oil, the sun can be obtained by being fractionated The fractions such as oil, gas oil, lubricating oil and residue pitch.It can be made into various liquid fuels and chemical industry raw material etc..Low temperature coal Tar appearance color is different, and high temperature coal-tar dark brown or black, coalite tar are faint yellow；Density is different, high temperature coal tar Oil density 1.1 or so, coalite tar is less than 1.0；There are also component differences, and up to 30%, C, H ratio connect coalite tar phenol content Nearly petroleum.Therefore coalite tar is a kind of good raw material.

The light oil, also known as light distillate, weak yellow liquid, main component are mixture of the C5 to C8 hydro carbons, and Containing a small amount of hydro carbons greater than C8, for fraction mostly between 20 DEG C~200 DEG C, volatility is good, is that production solvent naphtha is good Raw material.

In step 1), the smalls silo is exactly the storage tank for storing smalls.Coal partial size is below in 13mm Referred to as smalls, the technique are mainly ovendry power beans, and the Xinjiang surface Nao Maohu is based on smalls, so being smalls silo. The silo storehouse bottom structure had not only born the weight of material but also need to have material unloading function, therefore generallyd use infundibulate；Plate storehouse Though bottom simple structure needs fill slope, not only feed consumption but also weight gain, were only applicable to small-sized silo.The volume of silo according to production capacity and It is fixed, steel construction is in general used, was buffered for 2-3 hours.Smalls silo be divided into as needed twin production module and Single production module.

Roof scrubber is installed at the top of smalls silo, roof scrubber is that a kind of monomer dedusting of automatic ash removing structure is set It is standby, the dried dust of non-fiber or one kind in process flow recycling dry powder tiny in gas for filtering Cleaner.Roof scrubber efficiency of dust collection is up to 100%.

Preferably, funnel-shaped cylindrical shape structure can be selected in smalls silo, coal partial size is in 10mm or less.

Preferably, orlop discharging device, which can be selected, axis spiral, distance to guarantee powder coal from feed inlet leakproofness It is optional farther out to bury scraper plate and have the combination of axis spiral.Length is no more than 80 meters, setting maintenance gallery；

The pre-dehydration device includes the furnace drying methods such as waste heat flue gas drying or steam drying, it is therefore an objective to guarantee fine coal In the case where safety in production, its material is dried.

Preferably, waste heat flue gas drying selects direct hot wind to contact drying with powder coal.

For the leakproofness for guaranteeing roller both ends and hot wind inlet and hot-blast outlet, feeding seal is respectively set at roller both ends Case and discharging seal box, and discharging seal box and feeding seal case are connect with roller by dynamic and static sealing device respectively, are prevented out The phenomenon that junction of material seal box and feeding seal case and roller is leaked out, if any air leakage phenomena, is also easy to stacking material, Accumulation of heat, it is easy to which spontaneous combustion causes the safety accidents such as fire.Level-one dries starting material moisture and is no more than 24%, level-one drying outlet Material moisture is no more than 17%；Second level dries initial charge moisture and is no more than 17%, and outlet material moisture is no more than 6%.

Preferably, level-one drying starting material moisture is no more than 22%, outlet material moisture is no more than 15%；Second level It dries initial charge moisture and is no more than 15%, outlet material moisture is no more than 5%.

The top or side wall upper part of feeding seal case and discharging seal box are provided with entrance；Discharge outlet is set in discharging seal box There is the guide plate of two pieces of arrangements in a certain angle, which is conducive to the material in roller and enters in third conveying device；Into Expect that seal box and discharging seal box seal with roller cooperate respectively, powder coal enters in roller through the entrance of feeding seal case, so Roller is discharged from the outlet of discharging seal box bottom afterwards.

The method of control oxygen concentration, can overcome the moisture content of hot fume in the prior art provided by the technique, and Lower oxygen content carries out the drying of low humidity for the smalls for needing to control oxygen concentration, to realize higher thermal effect The essential safety of rate and drying course.Because of the ignition temperature of coal dust: 500~530 DEG C, autoignition temperature: 140~350 DEG C.Oxygen Concentration is fired in 15~17% or more, Yi Yinqi, is considered as inert gas less than 14%.It is not more than into the flue-gas temperature in roller 400 DEG C, if temperature is excessively high, can air distribution reduce flue-gas temperature, which may be from the exhaust gas of qualified discharge, because of the exhaust gas phase Oxygen content is lower for, while cooling and dehumidifying, condition needed for reaching production, is not surpassed after air distribution by online oxygen content concentration Cross 14% (volume ratio).Exit gas temperature is to avoid moisture condensation that from need to being higher than 15~30 DEG C of dew-point temperature, and general control is 70 ~85 DEG C, but when making the drying used time using kiln exit gas, because its water content is sometime up to 6%, outlet should be higher than that dew-point temperature 30~35 DEG C, general control is at 85~90 DEG C.It can be seen that its exit gas temperature is outside kindling or autoignition temperature range.

Preferably, the flue-gas temperature of residual heat drying entering to dry dry systems is advisable with 100 DEG C~250 DEG C, drying system out Flue-gas temperature be advisable with 70 DEG C~100 DEG C, air inlet oxygen content≤12%.

It is further preferred that the flue-gas temperature of residual heat drying entering to dry dry systems is advisable with 140 DEG C~180 DEG C, drying out is The flue-gas temperature of system is advisable with 80 DEG C~90 DEG C, air inlet oxygen content≤10%.

Inner wall of rotary drum is equipped with the lifting blade arranged in the shape of a spiral, and its section is L shape, and lifting blade guarantees that material is heated equal It is even, improve the drying efficiency and separative efficiency of whole device；The speed that material is advanced forward in addition to by roller revolving speed other than, also with The tilt angle of L-type lifting blade has much relations, specifically determines with the processing capacity of powder coal upgrading drying system.

The driving device of roller includes drum peripheral face ring gear, the support roller engaged with the ring gear and the electricity for driving Machine.

Preferably, limiting device can be arranged at support roller to prevent roller from gliding.Limiting device of the invention is optional It selects projection and the limiting slot matched with outer ring, the setting at outer ring is set in the ring-shaped step at support roller both ends, in support roller outer peripheral surface The forms such as groove, the retention bead cooperated in the setting of support roller outer peripheral surface with groove.

For the drying effect for guaranteeing powder coal, multi-stage drying device can be set up, it is poor in level-one drying unit effect In the case of, second level drying unit is set up, principle is as level-one drying unit.If the effect of second level drying unit still reaches not The requirement of system is utilized to subsequent coal high temperature, moisture content is higher, can set up three-level drying unit.And phase between multi-stage drying device It is mutually independent, can isolated operation, specific visual powder coal moisture content, weather temperature, humidity, depending on four seasons weather.

Whether steam drying uses second level to dry, specifically with the drying amount of material, residence time, steam drying machine size etc. Related, the moisture of fine coal includes Nei Shui and outer water, and outer water Drying Rates are fast, and interior water need to be to certain temperature, could be from coal substance Evolution, is then converted to steam, needs certain time, while drying that moisture is fewer, and the temperature of demand is higher, and the residence time is also longer.

As preferential, it is 7~8kg that steam drying machine, which selects steam pressure, and temperature is 140 DEG C~170 DEG C.Drying is initial Material moisture is no more than 24%, and outlet material moisture is no more than 6%, and every grade of residence time is not less than 60min, outlet mass temperatures Not less than 70 DEG C~90 DEG C.Generally require outer 105 DEG C ± 5 DEG C of drying temperature, 150 DEG C ± 10 DEG C of interior water drying temperature of the water of coal.

It is further preferred that if considering level-one steam drying in terms of the fine coal of 20~30t/h；If with 50~70t/h Fine coal meter, consider second steam drying it is more economical rationally.

The gasification feeding device includes that feeding device and dust-extraction unit are briefly the conveying device of material, The primary dust removing device of high-temperature steam when being also gasification reduction has achieved the effect that sufficient heat exchange and preliminary dust removal.Gas Changing feeding device includes the cylinder of bottom and the dust-extraction unit of upper end etc..

The middle part of feed barrel is connected to the bottom of an ash handling equipment, and the end of the feed barrel is compensated by metal Device, dynamic and static sealing device and reaction kettle connect.

Shaftless spiral blade is installed, the cross section of blade is not greater than the 3/ of cylinder internal diameter cross section inside feed barrel 4, important innovations exactly of the invention point, is the more reasonable diameter drawn on the basis of many experiments herein, into Expect that inner barrel pipeline is the outlet gas flow path of high-temperature oil gas and the feed path of powder coal, therefore, internal heat exchange journey Degree number, also determine the loss of reaction kettle energy.It is general 5~20 meters desirable, while heat-preservation cotton can be used on the outside of feed barrel Heat preservation, so that powder coal and the sufficient heat exchange of high-temperature oil gas.

Conveyor screw can be used shaftless screw and have axis spiral, it is proposed that use shaftless screw, because spiral is shaftless, material is not Easily blocking, discharge gate does not block, thus can operate compared with low velocity, steady to be driven, and reduces energy consumption；Conveying capacity is that same diameter passes System has 1.5 times of screw conveyor shaft；Not only can lower section discharging, but also can end discharging；Using special liner plate, which can be at high temperature Work.

Preferably, the shaftless screw of feed barrel has certain length, and it is 10~15 meters desirable, it is too short to be unfavorable for heat Exchange and sealing, too long conveying at high temperature are easily deformed, or even the problems such as fracture.

Internal diameter, thickness and the length scale of feed barrel can be determined according to the treating capacity of real reaction kettle；It actually used Cheng Zhong, shaftless screw are connected with driving motor.

The present invention using the outlet gap between the top and feed barrel inner wall of conveyor screw, in reaction kettle high-temperature oil gas from Feed end discharge, the advantage is that the temperature of powder coal after can control the upgrading of reaction kettle rear end, needed for reaching product, reduce reaction Temperature in kettle realizes continuous mass production, without stopping kettle operation.

Dust-extraction unit main function is the high-temperature oil gas containing dust of reaction kettle out under device effect, and dust is blocked Or capture, when high-temperature oil gas is by entering next refrigerated separation equipment, substantially increase the stability of follow-up equipment.Ash handling equipment Including gravitational dust collection, inertial dust collection, cyclone dust removal, electric precipitation etc..

The level-one gasification reduction apparatus is 360 ° of rotatable bedroom reaction kettles, and reaction kettle is Rotatable mechanism, can It is heated evenly the material in reaction kettle；Reaction kettle is externally provided with heater box.

Inclination arrangement and the helically deflector of structure are equipped in reaction kettle, deflector is divided into water conservancy diversion steel plate and water conservancy diversion is stainless Single coil configuration or double-spiral structure can be used in steel plate, can also single, double combination spiral stream guidance structure；In reaction kettle rotation In the process, the deflector of inclination arrangement has guide functions to the material in reaction kettle, and the material in reaction kettle is in deflector It is mobile to discharge port under effect, accelerate the discharge of material in reactor.

Reaction kettle in the present embodiment is progressive circulating continuous production reaction unit, built-in 6~15 wireless temperatures Controller, for monitoring the temperature in section, when equipment discharge port temperature does not also reach assigned temperature (400 DEG C~800 DEG C), tool The temperature of body is determined that temperature sensor sends computer and alarm device to by signal conveying by different products, reminds work Personnel, this is to illustrate that product does not reach Eligibility requirements also, is at this time taken measures main as follows, and reaction kettle can invert, and make fast Material to outlet is again introduced into reaction kettle and sufficiently reacts, and extends the residence time, while continuing to heat, reaction kettle reversing time is 30min-120min etc., then reaction kettle rotates forward, and when expecting to enter discharge port, sees whether temperature sensor alarms, if report Alert, reaction kettle inverts again, so repeats, and guarantees that product qualification is offline.If temperature sensor displays temperature is up to standard, fine coal enters Discharge port, into next program.

Driving device includes drum peripheral face ring gear, the support roller engaged with the ring gear and the motor for driving.As Preferably, to prevent roller from gliding, limiting device can be set at support roller.Projection may be selected in support roller in limiting device of the invention The ring-shaped step at both ends, in support roller outer peripheral surface setting matched with outer ring limiting slot, at outer ring setting groove, in outside support roller The forms such as circumferential surface setting and the retention bead of groove cooperation.

The length and diameter and inlet amount of reaction kettle, material kind etc. are related.

Preferably, level-one gasification reduction apparatus feeding temperature be 80 DEG C~120 DEG C, air outlet temperature be 180 DEG C~ 350 DEG C, drop temperature is 350 DEG C~500 DEG C.

The second level gasification reduction apparatus is 360 ° of rotatable reaction kettles, similar with level-one gasification reduction apparatus, only Be it is smaller than further device in structure, main function be together gasify reduction apparatus in can not gasify fixed substance (including Fine coal after gasification, solid impurity etc.) and the higher boilings oily such as a certain amount of pitch that can not gasify within certain residence time Object.Continue to gasify into second level gasification reduction apparatus, the yield of level-one gasification reduction apparatus can be significantly improved in this way.

Two gasification reduction apparatus realize the conveying of material, predominantly multistage spiral shell by closed conveying device resistant to high temperature It revolves structure to realize, including shaftless screw and has axis spiral.

Preferably, second level gasification reduction apparatus feeding temperature be 350 DEG C~500 DEG C, drop temperature be 400 DEG C~ 550 DEG C, air outlet temperature is 350 DEG C~500 DEG C.

In step 2), the gas solid separation system includes dust-extraction unit, dregs of fat automatic scraper filter device.Miscella Gas is controlled by temperature and oil spray melts down dust in oil gas and heavy oil cooling automatically；Process section oil gas temperature control exists 350 DEG C or so.Oil gas continues cool to 35 DEG C of room temperature, and light oil is separated with on-condensible gas；Light oil enters oil storage tank, fixed gas Body enters compressibility.

Dust-extraction unit is feeding device upper part of gasifying；Principle is that sedimentation theory, gas and dust are being encountered The different linear velocities formed when object fall road to make dust gather automatically, dust removal efficiency 80%；Dust-extraction unit is by multilayer L-type angle Steel composition, the number of plies are 6~20 layers, and bilevel is divided into 10cm~50cm；Every layer of angle steel quantity is 10~30, interval For 5cm~25cm.Dust-extraction unit can divide circular configuration or square structure, and the circular configuration coefficient of expansion is consistent, be unlikely to generate and split Seam etc., conducive to the overall performance of equipment；Square structure space utilization rate is high, furnishes conducive to the entirety of equipment, while every L-type angle Steel equal length, as long as weld seam is horizontal high, can customer service expansion when bring contractility, can specifically be made according to field demand different The device of shape.The height of dust-extraction unit is specifically related with throughput, dust concentration etc. with size.

The high-temperature oil gas intake air temperature of dust-extraction unit is 150 DEG C~350 DEG C, and air outlet temperature is 150 DEG C~350 DEG C, dedusting Device can be kept the temperature with heat-preservation cotton, and temperature is made to be unlikely to the too fast of decline as far as possible, in this way, 98% or more oil gas get enter into it is next Equipment, if temperature decline is too fast, diesel oil etc. forms liquid, and yield is caused to reduce.

Preferably, the number of plies of dust-extraction unit is 10~16 layers, 20~40cm is divided between upper and lower level；Every layer of L-type angle Steel quantity is 15~25, is divided into 10~20cm.The high-temperature oil gas intake air temperature of dust-extraction unit is 180 DEG C~350 DEG C, outlet Temperature is 180 DEG C~350 DEG C.

The dregs of fat automatic scraper filter device is to commonly use commercially available mature equipment, is filled primarily directed to second level cyclonic separation Set dust-laden, the aqueous oil of generation；Main purpose is that solid particle (i.e. the dregs of fat) is further separated with oil, and liquid is from filter Import flows into, and flows from up to down, flows to and exports through cartridge surface；When cartridge surface is collected into a certain amount of impurity, electricity The scraper of machine driving assembly corrector is close to cartridge surface rotation, strikes off impurity, and impurity is gathered in collecting chamber with descending liquid, when When accumulating a certain amount of impurity, automatic blowdown valve opens collecting chamber, and the liquid containing high concentration impurities is discharged, and discharge raffinate is again Into the processing of reaction kettle high temperature cabonization.

The oil gas cooling system includes water cooling tower, automatic scraper filter, plate heat exchanger, Sprayer Circulation Pump, the equipment such as oil water separator.

The water cooling tower is obliquely installed, and is equipped with multi-stage spray and is sprayed, and high-temperature gas mixture enters spraying cooling pipe, leads to The heat that a large amount of spray liquid absorbs high-temperature gas mixture is crossed, high-temperature gas mixture temperature is down to certain temperature, making to coagulate has unit Point and water recovery at liquid, while acidic materials of neutralized reaction product protect follow-up equipment, and pass through spray washing work With can effectively further remove the acid ingredients such as dust and SO2, NOX in on-condensible gas, be conducive to the combustion of subsequent fixed gas It burns and reduces exhaust emission and generate.

As preferential, the spray assembly in spraying cooling pipe is generally 5~10.The multistage spray of spraying cooling pipe installation The pressure gauge and thermometer of long-range control and field control, the oil water mixture temperature below scrubber condenser are installed on mist When rising, pressure spraying on spray refrigerator pipe is increased, while opening multiple sprayers, until slowly reducing scrubber condenser oil The temperature of aqueous mixtures；Conversely, pressure can be reduced when the oil water mixture temperature below scrubber condenser is too low, spray is closed Mist mitigates the pressure of oil water separator below.

Preferably, the outlet temperature of spraying cooling pipe is controlled at 160 DEG C~220 DEG C.

The automatic scraper filter, the oily waste water pumping that scrubber condenser lower part stores to automatic filter, And the pH value of waste water is automatically adjusted by automatic feeding lye before pumping simultaneously, automatic filter is the filtering of Full-automatic liquid scraper Device, liquid are flowed into from filter inlet, are flowed from up to down, are flowed to and are exported through cartridge surface；When cartridge surface is collected into one When quantitative impurity, the scraper that motor driven assembles corrector is close to cartridge surface rotation, strikes off impurity, impurity is with descending liquid It is gathered in collecting chamber, when a certain amount of impurity is arrived in accumulation, automatic blowdown valve opens collecting chamber, and the liquid containing high concentration impurities is arranged Out, discharge raffinate reenters the processing of reaction kettle high temperature cabonization.

The plate heat exchanger is that a series of one kind as made of sheet metal closed assemblies with certain corrugated shape is efficient Heat exchanger.Thin rectangular shape channel is formed between various plates, and heat exchange is carried out by plate.Plate heat exchanger be liquid-liquid, Liquid-vapour carries out the ideal equipment of heat exchange.It has heat exchange efficiency is high, heat loss is small, advantages of compact and light structure, occupied area are small, Be widely used, long service life the features such as.Under uniform pressure damaed cordition, ratio of heat transfer coefficient pipe heat exchanger is 3-5 times high, Occupied area is the one third of pipe heat exchanger, and heat recovery rate may be up to 90% or more.(again including detachable plate heat exchanger Be the plate heat exchanger with gasket seal), welded plate type heat exchanger, spiral heat exchanger, coiled sheet formula heat exchanger (be called honeycomb Formula heat exchanger).

Preferably, plate heat exchanger uses the plate heat exchanger with gasket seal.The air outlet temperature of plate heat exchanger Control is at≤35 DEG C, oil outlet temperature≤35 DEG C.Light oil is separated with on-condensible gas；Light oil enters oil storage tank, on-condensible gas into Enter subsequent transformation system.

The oil water separator is equipped with the internal structures such as entrance anti whip device, distribution wave resistance baffle, efficient coalescing-plate The waste water of part, automatic filter discharge enters oil water separator, can effectively fast implement water-oil separating, the oil slick of collection is as production Object is evacuated to oil storage tank automatically, and the waste water after oil removing is largely recycled and is used as spray liquid, and redundance drains into sewage automatically and sets Apply processing.

As preferential, efficiently coalesce plate material and use DTS coalescing-plate filler (also known as the coalescent pack of bipyramid parallel-plate), melt Current Conventional plate-type oil removing and coarse coalescence technology have been closed, has been a kind of high-efficiency liquid-liquid coarse separation filler, DTS coalescing-plate is filled out Material be by a series of continuous 45 ° biconial plates up and down, by certain gap up and down it is neat it is arranged in parallel made of advise Whole coalescent pack, it has the function and characteristic for greatly shortening the sinking time of the floating interval of floating dock of oil droplet and greasy filth, solid.Often A upward bellmouth is oil outlet, and each downward bellmouth is mud hole, has coarse grain per a piece of biconial board bottom EDS maps Change salient point, when oily wastewater passes through DTS coalescing-plate filler, these coarse salient points can catch very small oil droplet, pass through 45 ° of upward tapered surfaces make oil droplet change from small to big, and complete local oil droplet coalescence, to be easier coalescence under buoyancy Oil droplet floats on the water surface from upward bellmouth.Equally, 45 ° of DTS coalescing-plate filler are designed to inferior pyramidal slag-drip opening, make to gather Greasy filth and solid suspension after knot sink because of gravity, are coalesced by optic panel in downward taper recess and fall into lower part Separator settling zone, this design are very beneficial for the separation of greasy filth floccule and solid, it is therefore prevented that coalescing-plate filler blocks up Plug has extraordinary adaptability to viscous crude and the higher fluid of solid content.It has treatment effeciency it is high, it is applied widely, The features such as easy cleaning, easy to maintain, installation easy to operate, parallel-plate structure arrangement, separative efficiency is up to 99%.

As preferential, obtained waste water is transferred to sewage treatment plant after air-flotation process through oil removal.

Further preferential, obtained coal tar is mainly cycloalkane and alkane etc., and density is larger, is precipitated, and is filtered, point From rear, oil burning apparatus is squeezed by oil pump, can also squeeze into outside coal tar oil tank and sell.

Preferably, be the coal tar and gas mixture of middle low temperature (temperature≤220 DEG C) inside tubular heat exchanger, External agency is tap water or waste heat flue gas.The thermal efficiency is 92% or more, and obtained heat can supply publilc baths, can also supply baking Dry institute's calorific requirement, including waste heat flue gas drying or steam drying.

The tar ash disposal separation system mainly includes separator, greasy filth lime-ash device and ancillary equipment composition.Point It can be one or several compositions such as rectifying column, distillation still, centrifuge or plate compression from device.

The rectifying column is a kind of tower vapor-liquid contacting apparatus for carrying out rectifying.Rectifying is to utilize each component in mixture A kind of separation process that volatility is different and is separated each component, common equipment have plate distillation column and filling extract rectification Tower.Rectifying column requirement of the present invention is lower, and mainly light distillate and heavy distillate are separated, and remainder is greasy filth or coke Matter secondary can melt down reaction.

The distillation still, principle are to pass through desired fraction vaporization when heating, then lead to according to the difference of fraction boiling point It crosses condensation to collect, distillation can be completed.Distillation still is mainly to solve existing distillation still in process of production when containing in material There is the problem of need to being interrupted maintenance cleaning when decorating film and high boiling product and designs.Distillation still of the present invention is bedroom rotation knot Structure, low temperature distillation, temperature are 350 DEG C or less.

The centrifuge is to utilize each group in the mixture of centrifugal force, separation liquid and solid particle or liquid and liquid The machinery divided.Sedimentation-type centrifuge is the powerful centrifugal force generated by rotor high speed rotation, is accelerated not year-on-year in mixed liquor The sinking speed of weight ingredient separates the substance of sedimentation coefficients different in sample and buoyant density.Advantage is: continuous work, There is no filter cloth filter, never to shut down replacement filter medium halfway；High production efficiency；Simple to operate, oil is distinguished with slag It is automatic to exclude, without manually laborious etc..

Preferably, sedimentation-type centrifuge can be selected, concrete model can be according to the size and concentration of solid particle, solid It is determined with the characteristic of the density contrast of liquid, liquid viscosity, filter residue etc..

The plate compression is a kind of intermittent solid-liquid separating equipment, is to be arranged to make up filter chamber by filter plate, filter frame, defeated Under the pressure effect of material pump, feed liquid is sent into each filter chamber, is separated solid and liquid by filter medium.With separating effect The advantages that good, applied widely, easy to operate, small investment, the especially separation to thin material is sticked have incomparable superior Property.

Above several equipment are all technique protection scopes of the invention, preferably, optional centrifuge or plate compression, It is small with energy consumption, it is easy to operate, the advantages that small investment.

The greasy filth lime-ash device is mainly used to the greasy filth of interim storage other equipment generation, lime-ash etc..Gas solid separation The lime-ash oil content that device generates is few, and outlet temperature is up to 200 DEG C or more, but the grey quantity of slag is more, occupies all high-temperature oil gas and takes out of 90% or more the lime-ash come, it is main that second level gasification reduction apparatus is fed directly to by helix transporting device；Greasy filth is cooling and electric The greasy filth oil content for catching the generation of tar device is higher, reaches 80% or more, has certain mobility under room temperature, pass through pump or spiral It is delivered to greasy filth tank, certain amount to be gathered together is delivered to second level gasification reduction apparatus, and it is anti-that greasy filth enters second level gasification reduction It answers the conveying device inside kettle to realize by secondary seal, prevents high-temperature oil gas in reaction kettle from having herein because pressure difference escapes Special patent protection.

In step 3), the electric tar, that is, electrical tar precipitator, its working principle is that: electric field theory is pressed, cation is inhaled Electronegative corona discharge electrode is invested, anion is adsorbed in positively charged receiving electrode；All negative ions being ionized are each filled with corona Entire space between pole and receiving electrode.When the coal gas of the impurity such as droplet containing tar pass through the electric field when, adsorbed anion and The impurity of electronics is moved to after receiving electrode that release institute electrically charged under the action of electric field Coulomb force, and is adsorbed on receiving electrode, To achieve the purpose that purification gas, commonly referred to as charged phenomenon.When the impurity level being adsorbed on receiving electrode increases to greater than it When adhesive force, it can plow, be discharged from electrical tar precipitator bottom, net gas then leaves from electrical tar precipitator top and goes forward side by side to flowing down automatically Enter next procedure.

Influence the principal element of electric fishing performance: the density of dust and droplet, viscosity, specific resistance, gas temperature, pressure, wet Degree, flow velocity and miscellaneous concentration etc..The equipment is to select to commonly use commercially available mature equipment.Electricity spreads defocused on-condensible gas and is substantially free of ash Dirt.

Electrical tar precipitator mainly includes concentric circles electrical tar precipitator, tubular type electrical tar precipitator, cellular electrical tar precipitator etc. Three kinds of structures, the electrical tar precipitator of three kinds of structures is by shell, receiving electrode, corona discharge electrode, upper and lower hanger, gas redistribution plate, steaming The components such as vapour blowing pipe, insulated case and feeder box composition, the main distinction be the form of receiving electrode, corona discharge electrode arrangement mode, Insulated case and feeder box.Tar efficiency is caught up to 99%, 50mg/m3 or less can be down to by exporting tar fog content in coal gas.Production fortune When row, the surrounding space temperature of the insulator contacted with coal gas should keep stable, regularly wipe insulator.Remove its surface On foul.If the operation cycle of equipment can be extended in the surrounding space nitrogen charging hermetic seal of above-mentioned insulator.

Preferably, electrical tar precipitator is when conditions permit, cellular electrical tar precipitator is preferably selected.

The desulphurization system, i.e. cooled coal gas desulfurization can be generally divided into two methods of dry desulfurization and wet desulphurization, do Method desulfurization is wider with iron oxide process and activated carbon method application, and wet desulphurization is had much with arsenic alkaline process, ADA, modified ADA and tannin process It is representative.In the Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Technique of producer gas, widely used is tannin extract doctor treatment.It is using soda ash as Absorbent, using tannin extract as oxygen carrier, with NaVO₂For oxidant.The entire desulfurization of wet type desulfurizing tanning extract and regenerative process are continuous In line process, desulfurization carries out simultaneously with regeneration, does not need that spare desulfurizing tower is arranged；Coal gas desulfurization degree of purification can be according to enterprise It needs, by adjusting solution ratio adjustment, is controlled in due course, H in coal gas after purification₂S stable content.The disadvantage is that equipment compared with More, technological operation is also more complex, and equipment investment is larger.

Preferably, the invention uses wet type desulfurizing tanning extract, including wet desulfuration tower, lean liquid tank, regenerator, pump and Control system etc..

The rich gas compressibility includes roots blower, surge tank before compressing, compressor, high-pressure liquefaction tank, LPG storage Tank, low-voltage tube, rich gas tank, the devices such as control valve group composition.

Whole device divides atmospheric area, middle pressure area, higher-pressure region, and the pressure change of atmospheric area moment is become to the pressure of higher-pressure region Faint variation, to guarantee that the pressure of entire reaction system is constant.The pressure and energy balance of whole device are kept, oil gas is certainly Turn is critical system, has both undertaken the conduction of pressure, and the balance of energy is critical to divide C5, C6 in on-condensible gas From pressure release disturbing factor establishes stored energy source.On-condensible gas the process section carried out oil wash, alkali cleaning, essence filtering waited Journey becomes clean energy resource.It separates C5, C6 and its main component of purified on-condensible gas is natural gas, liquefied gas and dry gas, heat It is worth close to natural gas.It establishes center of energy and adjusts full factory's energy supply, automatically adjusted by the control to pressure, temperature variation The energy reserve of energy centre.

The roots blower performs relative motion to compress and convey in cylinder using two or three lobed rotors The rotary compressor of gas.This blower fan structure is simple, easily manufactured, and the gas suitable for low-pressure occasion conveys and adds Pressure.The requirement of air blower is that the air inlet medium temperature of conveying must not be higher than 40 DEG C；When conveying air biogas natural gas etc. is situated between 100mg/m is generally not to be exceeded in matter, dustiness³；The full-size of particle should be in 0.1mm or less.When using boosting, it must not surpass The rated boost pressure value for crossing defined on air blower nameplate, since Roots blower structure is special, with it in running requirements There are many differences for its blower, it has to be noted that.

Preferably, intake air temperature is≤35 DEG C；Tolerance is determined according to output；Holding roots blower forefront pressure≤ 8kpa by frequency conversion, increases exhausting amount when forefront pressure is more than 8kpa, when forefront pressure is lower than 8kpa, by frequency conversion, Reduce exhausting amount, as pressure≤1Kpa, voltage-stabilizing system starts at this time, and the gas of subsequent compression flows back into front end again, make its ≮ 0Kpa, in case outside air enters to form explosion.Roots blower rear end outlet pressure is generally 15kpa~50kpa.

The compressor is liquefied petroleum air compressor, is also gas compression pump, maximum output pressure 1.6Mpa.It is burnt Producer gas is mainly made of hydrogen and methane, accounts for 56% and 27% respectively, and has a small amount of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen Gas and other hydro carbons；The still low-carbon alkanes such as the ethane containing different number, propane, butane, pentane, hexane.Pass through compressor pressure Contracting, pressure ≯ 1.6Mpa can liquefy C5, C6 and carry out energy reserves, other not squeezable low heat value fuel gas are close Natural gas carries out subsequent cycle and burns as heat source.

In step 4), the level-one decompressor and second depressurized device are realized by pressure reducing valve, decompression Valve is inlet pressure to be reduced to the outlet pressure of a certain needs, and by the energy of medium itself, make outlet pressure by adjusting Automatically keep stable valve.From the viewpoint of hydrodynamics, pressure reducing valve is the restricting element that a local resistance can change, I.e. by changing orifice size, changes the kinetic energy of flow velocity and fluid, the different pressure losses is caused, to reach the mesh of decompression 's.Then by the adjusting of control and regulating system, so that the fluctuation of downstream pressure is balanced each other with spring force, make downstream pressure one It is kept constant in fixed error range.

Preferably, level-one decompressor forefront pressure is≤1.6Mpa, pressure is 100kpa or so, second level after decompression Pressure is 6kpa~15kpa after decompressor decompression.

The liquid gas storage tank is the storage tank for storing liquefied gas, inside pressure is very big when having liquefied gas, slightly grasp Make it is improper be possible to set off an explosion, belong to special equipment.Local environment must not exceed 35 DEG C, and product itself is that steel are made and gather around There is certain anti-pressure ability.The maximum pressure of bearing of liquid gas storage tank is 2.1Mpa.Preferably, liquid gas storage tank pressure is generally not More than 1.6Mpa, there are pressure relief device and warning device.

The decompression tank is P-V, the rich gas after major storage liquefaction, i.e., close to the coal gas of heating value of natural gas, pressure Force request is lower, generally≤0.4Mpa.

The rich gas cabinet, i.e. rich gas tank are that P-V can for storing the escaping gas after desulfurization and dedusting It is divided into low pressure gas holder and high-pressure tank two major classes.The former has wet type and two kinds of structures of dry type, material multiplicity again.The present invention is used System be front end gas he by compressor compresses enter liquefied pot, after depressurized again through level-one, second depressurized enters rich gas cabinet.It is wet Formula gas holder is made of water sealed tank and bell jar two parts.Bell jar is that do not have with the end, can be up and down cylindrical vessel.If storage When large-minded, bell jar can be changed to Multilayer sleeve by single layer, with the sealing of water seal annular groove between each section.

As preferential, after major storage liquefaction rich gas, i.e., close to the coal gas of heating value of natural gas, pressure requirements are lower, Generally≤50kpa.The dish gas holder of normal pressure cushioning control can be used in rich gas cabinet, and volume is the supply of 3~6t/h.

The oil tank includes light oil tank, coal tar oil tank.Because being located in inland, day and night temperature is larger, and winter time is long, temperature It spends low, it is proposed that select buried tank, highest pasta liquid level is lower than the minimum absolute altitude 0.2m of adjacent area, and tank in buried tank tank Thickness of earth covering is not less than the oil tank of 0.5m on top.This kind of tank outage is low, and the risk of kindling is small.Tank farm is by multiple oil tank groups At.Each tank farm generally stores a kind of oil product.Tank farm will have the facilities such as fire-fighting, lightning protection and antistatic.Simultaneously on the outside of oil tank Properly protect paint, and oil storage tank is mainly formed by by tank foundation, bottom plate, siding, top plate and tank accessories.In order to guarantee storage tank Safe handling is also equipped with following some attachmentes on storage tank, and manhole: manhole is an aperture above storage tank bottom plate, for into Personnel's disengaging when row installation and maintenance and cleaning；Loophole: tank deck is installed on for daylighting when cleaning and ventilation；Gauge hatch: tank Device at top for metering；Insure valve, passes in and out the safety device of oil；Breather valve, for oil product because day and night temperature produces Raw respiration and the safety device for protecting oil tank；Ladder and railing, the device etc. of the upper and lower oil tank of staff.Coal simultaneously Steam companions is installed, fuel feeding transfer is used inside tar tank.Light oil tank can not have to installation steam tracing because freezing point is low.

The torch burning is safety vent facility, it is desirable that in normal production or accident condition combustible gas can and When, it is safe and reliable by release flare discharge burning, and meet health, safety and environment requirement, guarantee in operational process Middle realization low noise smokeless combustion.Simultaneously by heat recovery waste heat flue gas drying, or by heating steam heating indirect drying, It need to be designed by designing institute.

The dehydration heat supply is rich gas after dehydration equipment is dehydrated, and the high temperature generated into gas burner burns is empty Gas and low-temperature flue gas enter pre-dehydration device together.

The purpose of rich gas dehydration is that gas is conveying in order to prevent, has water condensation to come out during working process and then brings Etching problem, while being also possible to prevent hydrate, ice production blocking pipeline and equipment.Dehydration generally comprises low temperature dewatering, solvent Absorption process dehydration, solid absorption method dehydration etc..Wherein the dehydration of solid absorption method, which can take off water to 0.1ppm or dew point, reaches -100 ℃.These solid absorbents are easy to regenerate by after water saturation.Common adsorbent has silica gel, activated alumina and molecular sieve.Point Son sieve dehydration is most mature one of the method for technology most extensively.

In step 5), the deduster is sack cleaner.In each place setting dust hood for emitting ash, pass through pipe Dusty gas is transported in dust-extraction unit by road gas circuit, after carrying out gas solid separation wherein, by dust collection in the dust-extraction unit It is interior, and clean gas is introduced into general pipeline or is directly discharged into the complete equipment of atmosphere, is dust pelletizing system, and deduster is that this is Important set part in system.From the point of view of dust removal by ventilation, dust is to the long period and is present in air in floating state In all solid granules, be a kind of dispersion, be called aerosol, wherein air be decentralized medium, solid particle be point Dephasing.Deduster is exactly the equipment that this solid granule is separated from aerosol.

The application of sack cleaner has over one hundred year history, its biggest advantage is that high dust collection efficiency, up to 99.99% with On, concentration of emission can reach 10mg/m³Hereinafter, and classification efficiency it is also very high, also have very well to 2.5 μm of fine particles below Arresting efficiency, therefore be widely used.

Preferably, sack cleaner can be selected in deduster of the invention.

The air-introduced machine is negative pressure to be generated by wheel rotation, and then a kind of equipment of air is extracted from system, generally It is mounted on the tail end of system, for the hot fume in extracting device.The present invention is mounted on the rear end of deduster, the heat in roller Gas in flue gas and deduster drives by air inducing machine negative pressure.The model and Fan Selection of air-introduced machine need to be dried according to the coal in roller Depending on dry ability.

Preferably, commercially available conventional air-introduced machine can be selected in air-introduced machine, meet production capacity.

The condensing recovery can be divided into condensation by contact (directly cooling) and surface condensation (indirectly cooling) two classes.It contacts cold Solidifying is that cooling medium directly contacts progress heat exchange with exhaust gas, and advantage is good cooling results, and equipment is simple, but requires in exhaust gas Component will not be chemically reacted with cooling medium, can not be dissolved each other, and otherwise be difficult to separate and recover.Direct condensing plant has injection Formula contact condenser, spray column or vapour-liquid contacting column, contact tower can be packed tower, sieve-plate tower etc..

Preferably, condensation by contact can be selected in condensing recovery, vapour-liquid contacting column is can be selected in equipment.

The described processing discharge, source exhaust gas: first is that after flue gas entering to dry dry systems, then into the gas of deduster；Second is that Absorbent charcoal activation furnace activates the gas that gas combustion heat supplying waste heat boiler generates.Processing discharge mainly includes denitration, dedusting, desulfurization etc. Technique is discharged after up to standard.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:

(1) pre-dehydration device of the invention is divided into waste heat flue gas drying or steam drying, and drying is divided into firsts and seconds baking It is dry, can also be connected and combination in parallel with series, parallel, specifically with drying effect and site layout project depending on.Waste heat dries Dry: the flue-gas temperature of entering to dry dry systems is advisable with 100 DEG C~250 DEG C, and the flue-gas temperature of drying system is out with 70 DEG C~100 DEG C Preferably, air inlet oxygen content≤14%.It is the safety knot opinion obtained on the basis of a large amount of pilot-plants, while on the basis of safety On, obtain optimal drying efficiency.It is 7~8kg that steam drying, which selects steam pressure, and temperature is 140 DEG C~170 DEG C, and every grade is stopped Stay the time not less than 60min, outlet mass temperatures are not less than 70 DEG C~90 DEG C.Steam drying is more from the point of view of safety Safety；Consider from thermal conversion efficiency angle, waste heat flue gas drying is more preferable.

(2) present invention uses level-one, and second level gasifies reduction apparatus to realize chemical reaction, level-one gasification reduction apparatus material Residence time in 2h or so, is nearly completed 90% gasification reduction reaction, and two gasification reduction apparatus pass through closed high temperature resistant Conveying device realize the conveying of material, predominantly multiple coil structure is realized, including shaftless screw and has axis spiral.It enters back into Second level gasifies reduction apparatus, and the volatile matter inside remaining solid material sufficiently gasifies reduction, substantially increases reaction efficiency, at double Improve yield.

(3) gasification feeding device realizes three functions, and first, the cylinder of bottom realizes continuous automatic feed, simultaneously The integral type of continuous air-out embodies, and utilizes the outlet gap between the top and feed barrel inner wall of conveyor screw.It is high in reaction kettle Warm oil gas is discharged from feed end, the advantage is that the temperature of powder coal after can control the upgrading of reaction kettle rear end, needed for reaching product, The temperature in reaction kettle is reduced, continuous mass production is realized, without stopping kettle operation.Second, continuous feed, self-emptying is same It is realized in cylinder, by relative motion, heated the temperature of charging, realize energy exchange, while the portion of dust-laden high-temperature oil gas Divide dust to be blocked, there is certain dustproof function.Third, the upper end for the feeding device that gasifies are equipped with integrated dedusting device, main Acting on is the high-temperature oil gas containing dust of reaction kettle out under device effect, and dust is blocked or captured, high-temperature oil gas is logical When crossing the next refrigerated separation equipment of entrance, the stability of follow-up equipment is substantially increased.

(4) utilization of rich gas compressibility, whole device divide atmospheric area, middle pressure area, higher-pressure region, by the pressure of atmospheric area moment Power becomes the faint variation of pressure of higher-pressure region, to guarantee that the pressure of entire reaction system is constant.On-condensible gas is in the work Skill section has carried out the processes such as oil wash, alkali cleaning, essence filtering, becomes clean energy resource.Separate its master of C5, C6 and purified on-condensible gas Wanting ingredient is natural gas, liquefied gas and dry gas, and calorific value is close to natural gas.It establishes center of energy and adjusts full factory's energy supply, pass through To the energy reserve of the control automatic adjustment energy centre of pressure, temperature variation.

(5) energy regenerating of tubular heat exchanger greatly reduces the loss of heat, can supply waste heat boiler or waste heat Flue gas is heated to material；The setting of putty separator, further reduced the dustiness of coal tar, reduce the viscous of coal tar Degree, improves product quality and value.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of coal gasification reduction and liquid separation and recovery of the invention.

Fig. 2 is coal clean utilization process flow total figure of the invention.

Specific embodiment

As shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2, a kind of method of coal gasification reduction and liquid separation and recovery, including the following steps:

(1) fine coal of smalls silo enters pre-dehydration device drying by orlop discharging device, and the fine coal after drying is through gas Change feeding device and enter level-one gasification reduction apparatus, the solid material after reaction enters second level gasification through closed high temperature resistant conveying device again Reduction apparatus.

It is stored in the coal Yi Yangchen of smalls silo, so being equipped with orlop deduster at top, it is therefore an objective to prevent dust from escaping Out, smalls silo storage volume is 1500T/ days, and material is gone out by the discharging device that orlop buries the combinations such as scraper plate and helical feed Material takes single production module 30t/h, enters pre-dehydration device under the effect of feeding seal case, and 1) utilize waste heat flue gas drying skill Art, level-one drying, second level drying, level-one dry starting material moisture and are no more than 22%, and outlet material moisture is no more than 15%；Two Grade drying initial charge moisture is no more than 15%, and outlet material moisture is no more than 5%.The flue-gas temperature of entering to dry dry systems is with 140 DEG C~180 DEG C be advisable, the flue-gas temperature of drying system is advisable out with 80 DEG C~90 DEG C, air inlet oxygen content≤6%.Drying unit peace Equipped with L-type lifting blade, under the action of the drive mechanism, the rotation of 360 ° of bedroom, under the influence of lifting blade and 3% gradient, material to Preceding push finally enters reduction and gaseous system.2) utilize steam drying technology, steam drying machine select steam pressure be 7~ 8kg, temperature are 140 DEG C~170 DEG C.It dries starting material moisture and is no more than 24%, outlet material moisture is no more than 6%, every grade Residence time is not less than 60min, and outlet mass temperatures are not less than 70 DEG C~90 DEG C.In terms of the fine coal of 30t/h, level-one steam is considered Drying.

The feeding device that gasifies includes the cylinder of bottom and the dust-extraction unit of upper end etc..It is mended by metal the end of feed barrel Device, dynamic and static sealing device and reaction kettle is repaid to connect.Feed barrel length takes 7 meters, can be kept the temperature with heat-preservation cotton on the outside of cylinder, so that powder Beans and the sufficient heat exchange of high-temperature oil gas.Conveyor screw uses shaftless screw, and length and cylinder cooperate.

Level-one, second level gasify reduction apparatus as 360 ° of rotatable bedroom reaction kettles, and reaction kettle is externally provided with heater box；

The feeding temperature of level-one gasification reduction apparatus is 80 DEG C~120 DEG C, and air outlet temperature is 180 DEG C~350 DEG C, out material temperature Degree is 350 DEG C~500 DEG C.

Two gasification reduction apparatus realize the conveying of material, predominantly multistage spiral shell by closed conveying device resistant to high temperature It revolves structure to realize, including shaftless screw and has axis spiral.

The feeding temperature of second level gasification reduction apparatus is 350 DEG C~500 DEG C, and drop temperature is 400 DEG C~550 DEG C, outlet Temperature is 350 DEG C~500 DEG C.

(2) high-temperature material obtained after second level gasification reduction sufficiently reaction enters cold slag humidification system by discharging device Obtain product upgraded coal；The high-temperature oil gas that I and II gasification reduction generates is respectively successively cooling by gas solid separation and oil gas, most Enter putty separation system together afterwards and obtains coal tar, waste water, lime-ash；Coal tar and waste water enter tank respectively, and lime-ash returns again to two Grade gasification reduction reaction；Part oil gas cooling device exchanges heat to obtain hot-air or hot water by shell and tube, supplies other equipment.

Gas solid separation system includes dust-extraction unit, dregs of fat automatic scraper filter device.

The high-temperature oil gas intake air temperature of dust-extraction unit is 150 DEG C~350 DEG C, and air outlet temperature is 150 DEG C~350 DEG C, dedusting Device can be kept the temperature with heat-preservation cotton, and temperature is made to be unlikely to the too fast of decline as far as possible, in this way, 98% or more oil gas get enter into it is next Equipment, if temperature decline is too fast, diesel oil etc. forms liquid, and yield is caused to reduce.The number of plies of dust-extraction unit is 10~16 layers, on 20~40cm is divided between lower layer；Every layer of L-type angle steel quantity is 15~25, is divided into 10~20cm.The high temperature of dust-extraction unit Oil gas intake air temperature is 180 DEG C~350 DEG C, and air outlet temperature is 180 DEG C~350 DEG C.

Oil gas cooling system includes water cooling tower, automatic scraper filter, plate heat exchanger, Sprayer Circulation pump, grease Separator etc..

The outlet temperature of optional 6 of spray assembly in spraying cooling pipe, spraying cooling pipe is controlled at 160 DEG C~220 DEG C.

Plate heat exchanger uses the plate heat exchanger with gasket seal.The air outlet temperature of plate heat exchanger is controlled≤35 DEG C, oil outlet temperature≤35 DEG C.Light oil is separated with on-condensible gas；Light oil enters oil storage tank, and on-condensible gas enters subsequent transformation System.

Efficient coalescence plate material in oil water separator uses DTS coalescing-plate filler, has merged current Conventional plate-type oil removing With coarse coalescence technology, separative efficiency is up to 99%；Obtained waste water is transferred to sewage treatment after air-flotation process through oil removal Factory.Coal tar is precipitated, and filtering after separation, squeezes into oil burning apparatus by oil pump, can also be squeezed into outside coal tar oil tank and be sold.

Tubular heat exchanger can be used U-shaped tubular heat exchanger, inside be middle low temperature (temperature≤220 DEG C) coal tar and Gas mixture, external agency are tap water, the thermal efficiency 93%, and obtained heat can supply publilc baths, can also supply drying institute Calorific requirement, including waste heat flue gas drying or steam drying.

(3) oil gas on-condensible gas after cooling (i.e. rich gas) enters electric fishing coke installation, obtains a certain amount of light oil and a small amount of Lime-ash；Through desulphurization system under roots blower driving, under the power effect of compressibility, into liquefaction gas separating system liquid Change separation, obtains light oil and liquefied gas.

Electrical tar precipitator preferably selects cellular electrical tar precipitator.99% or more efficiency of dust collection.

Desulphurization system uses wet type desulfurizing tanning extract, including wet desulfuration tower, lean liquid tank, regenerator, pump and control system Deng.

Rich gas compressibility includes roots blower, surge tank before compressing, compressor, high-pressure liquefaction tank, LPG storage tank, low pressure Pipe, rich gas tank, the devices such as control valve group composition.

Whole device divides atmospheric area, middle pressure area, higher-pressure region, and the pressure change of atmospheric area moment is become to the pressure of higher-pressure region Faint variation, to guarantee that the pressure of entire reaction system is constant.Separate C5, C6 and purified on-condensible gas its main component For natural gas, liquefied gas and dry gas, calorific value is close to natural gas.

Roots blower intake air temperature is≤35 DEG C；Tolerance is determined according to output；Holding roots blower forefront pressure≤ 8kpa, roots blower rear end outlet pressure are generally 15kpa~50kpa.

Compressor is liquefied petroleum air compressor, maximum output pressure 1.6Mpa.By compressor compresses, pressure ≯ 1.6Mpa can liquefy C5, C6 and carry out energy reserves, other not squeezable low heat value fuel gas close to natural gas, into Row subsequent cycle burns as heat source.

(4) on-condensible gas successively enters decompression tank and rich gas cabinet under the action of level-one, second depressurized device；From rich gas The rich gas of cabinet generates high-temperature flue gas by biomass gasification boiler, provides heat source for I and II gasification reduction apparatus；What is generated after heat supply is low Warm flue gas is merged into dehydration flue gas together with dehydration heat supply hot-air and provides heat source for pre-dehydration device.

Level-one decompressor forefront pressure is≤1.6Mpa, and pressure is 100kpa or so after decompression, and second depressurized device subtracts Pressure is 6kpa~15kpa after pressure.

Decompression tank is P-V, the rich gas after major storage liquefaction, i.e., close to the coal gas of heating value of natural gas, pressure requirements It is lower, generally≤0.4Mpa.

Rich gas cabinet, the rich gas after storage liquefaction, i.e., close to the coal gas of heating value of natural gas, pressure requirements are lower, generally≤ 50kpa.The dish gas holder of normal pressure cushioning control can be used in rich gas cabinet, and volume is the supply of 3~6t/h.

Be dehydrated heat supply be rich gas after dehydration equipment is dehydrated, into gas burner burns generate high temperature air with it is low Warm flue gas enters pre-dehydration device together.

The purpose of rich gas dehydration is that gas is conveying in order to prevent, has water condensation to come out during working process and then brings Etching problem, while being also possible to prevent hydrate, ice production blocking pipeline and equipment.

(5) dust-laden, steam-laden flue gas of pre-dehydration device generation successively pass through cloth bag under the effect of air inducing mechanomotive force Dedusting and condensing recovery, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, qualified discharge after desulphurization denitration processing.

Sack cleaner can be selected in deduster.In each place setting dust hood for emitting ash, by pipeline gas circuit by dust-laden Gas is transported in dust-extraction unit.

Air-introduced machine is negative pressure to be generated by wheel rotation, and then a kind of equipment of air is extracted from system, and air-introduced machine is optional With commercially available conventional air-introduced machine, meet production capacity.

Condensation by contact can be selected in condensing recovery, and vapour-liquid contacting column can be selected in equipment.

Processing discharge, source exhaust gas, first is that after flue gas entering to dry dry systems, then into the gas of deduster；Second is that active carbon Activation furnace activates the gas that gas combustion heat supplying waste heat boiler generates.Processing discharge mainly includes the techniques such as denitration, dedusting, desulfurization, Meet national standard discharge.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of method of coal gasification reduction and liquid separation and recovery, it is characterised in that include the following steps:

1) fine coal of smalls silo enters pre-dehydration device drying by orlop discharging device, and the fine coal after drying is fed through gasification Device enters level-one gasification reduction apparatus, and it is also original-pack that the solid material after reaction enters second level gasification through closed high temperature resistant conveying device again It sets；

2) material obtained after second level gasification reduction sufficiently reaction obtains product into cold slag humidification system by discharging device Upgraded coal；The oil gas that I and II gasification reduction generates is respectively successively cooling by gas solid separation and oil gas, eventually enters oil Grey separation system obtains coal tar, waste water, lime-ash；Coal tar and waste water enter tank respectively, and it is anti-that lime-ash returns again to second level gasification reduction It answers；Part oil gas cooling device exchanges heat to obtain hot-air or hot water by shell and tube, supplies other equipment；

3) oil gas rich gas after cooling enters electric fishing coke installation, obtains a certain amount of light oil and a small amount of lime-ash；It is driven in blower It is lower, into liquefaction gas separating system liquefaction separation, to obtain light oil and liquid under the power effect of compressibility through desulphurization system Change gas；

4) on-condensible gas successively enters decompression tank and rich gas cabinet under the action of level-one, second depressurized device；From rich gas cabinet Rich gas generates high-temperature flue gas by biomass gasification boiler, provides heat source for I and II gasification reduction apparatus；The low temperature cigarette generated after heat supply Gas is merged into dehydration flue gas together with dehydration heat supply hot-air and provides heat source for pre-dehydration device；

5) dust-laden, steam-laden flue gas of pre-dehydration device generation successively pass through bag-type dust under the effect of air inducing mechanomotive force And condensing recovery, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, qualified discharge after desulphurization denitration processing.

2. the method for a kind of coal gasification reduction according to claim 1 and liquid separation and recovery, which is characterized in that described Smalls silo in coal partial size be≤13mm, roof scrubber is installed at the top of smalls silo.

3. the method for a kind of coal gasification reduction according to claim 1 and liquid separation and recovery, which is characterized in that described Pre-dehydration device include waste heat flue gas drying or steam drying.

4. the method for a kind of coal gasification reduction according to claim 3 and liquid separation and recovery, which is characterized in that described It is 100 DEG C~250 DEG C that the I and II of waste heat flue gas drying, which is dried into flue-gas temperature, and flue-gas temperature is 70 DEG C~100 DEG C out, into Gas oxygen content≤13%, level-one dry starting material moisture and are no more than 24%, and level-one dries outlet material moisture and is no more than 17%； The second level drying initial charge moisture is no more than 17%, and outlet material moisture is no more than 6%；The steam of the steam drying Pressure is 7~8kg, and temperature is 140 DEG C~170 DEG C, and drying starting material moisture is no more than 24%, and outlet material moisture is no more than 6%, every grade of residence time is not less than 60min, and outlet mass temperatures are not less than 70 DEG C~90 DEG C.

5. the method for a kind of coal gasification reduction according to claim 1 and liquid separation and recovery, which is characterized in that described The feeding temperature of level-one gasification reduction apparatus be 80 DEG C~120 DEG C, air outlet temperature is 180 DEG C~350 DEG C, and drop temperature is 350 DEG C~500 DEG C, the feeding temperature of the described second level gasification reduction apparatus is 350 DEG C~500 DEG C, drop temperature is 400 DEG C~ 550 DEG C, air outlet temperature is 350 DEG C~500 DEG C.

6. the method for a kind of coal gasification reduction according to claim 1 and liquid separation and recovery, which is characterized in that described The number of plies of the device of dedusting is 10~16 layers, and 20~40cm is divided between upper and lower level；Every layer of L-type angle steel quantity is 15~25, Between be divided into 10~20cm.The high-temperature oil gas intake air temperature of dust-extraction unit is 180 DEG C~350 DEG C, and air outlet temperature is 180 DEG C~350 ℃。

7. the method for a kind of coal gasification reduction according to claim 1 and liquid separation and recovery, which is characterized in that described Oil gas cooling system include water cooling tower, automatic scraper filter, plate heat exchanger, Sprayer Circulation pump and water-oil separating Device.

8. the method for a kind of coal gasification reduction according to claim 7 and liquid separation and recovery, which is characterized in that described Level-one decompressor forefront pressure be≤1.6Mpa, after decompression pressure be 90-110kpa, second depressurized device decompression after pressure For 6kpa~15kpa.

9. the method for a kind of coal gasification reduction according to claim 1 and liquid separation and recovery, which is characterized in that separation Coal tar out is coalite tar, brown, relative density about 0.85kg/m³, main component is cycloalkane and alkane etc., separation Light oil out is weak yellow liquid, and main component is mixture of the C5 to C8 hydro carbons, fraction mostly 20 DEG C~200 DEG C it Between.