The system that a kind of sludge prepares activated carbon
Technical field
The utility model belongs to activated carbon preparing technical field, is specifically related to a kind of preparation as raw material with domestic sludge and lives
The system of property charcoal.
Background technology
Domestic sludge and other sticky carbonaceous materials (such as oil field oiliness sludge, mud containing mine dust, industrial sludge, dangerous waste liquid)
Thermochemical study (as carbonization, pyrolysis, gasification) solid-state, liquid and gaseous products can be produced, these products are made on demand can
Recovery, easily utilization, easily transport and the energy form of easy storage, can heat supply generating or the raw material as chemical industry and other industries.Root
The difference of different and heat treatment purpose according to raw material, can be anti-using carbonization, gasification, pyrolysis, liquefaction or other related heat chemistrys
Should and technique.If with domestic sludge as raw material, through that can produce fuel-displaced, gas and solid carbon after carbonization, part substitute coal, oil,
The resources such as natural gas.But, in order to ensure economic benefit, it is still desirable to develop to the suitable technique road of life pyrolyzing sludge phase
Line.
At temperatures of some hundreds of degrees celsius by charing, reactivation can prepare activated carbon to carbon containing material.Activated carbon is one
The outward appearance being made up of contenting carbon material is planted in black, internal pore structure is flourishing, specific surface area is big, a class crystallite of high adsorption capacity
Matter carbon materials.There are a large amount of invisible micropores in absorbent charcoal material.Activated carbon be mainly used in remove water in pollutant,
Decolouring, filtration, purification liquid, gas, are additionally operable to purified treatment, the waste gas recovery to air (such as to gas in chemical industry
The recovery of " benzene "), the recovery of precious metal and refine (such as to the absorption of gold), the dusty gas first distributed in room air
The volatilization gas suction-operated such as aldehyde, benzene, ammonia, toluene is preferable.The pyrolytic carbon that pyrolysis sludge is produced has highly developed hole knot
Structure and the surface negative charge added, but gap is very remote compared with the adsorption capacity of activated carbon, is used as activated carbon, it is necessary to enter
One step is activated.
However, the system for preparing activated carbon at present is present prepares the line clogging of activated carbon leading portion pyrolytic process, dust weight, heat
The problems such as solution effect difference, also exist and prepare activated-carbon device high energy consumption, serious heat loss, prepare that activated carbon is inferior to ask
Topic, and toxic and harmful can be produced in process of production.
Utility model content
In order to solve the above problems, pyrolysis oven and multi-stage oven are combined with sludge as raw material system the utility model proposes one kind
The system of standby activated carbon, it is poor to solve the problems, such as to occur in pyrolytic process line clogging, dust weight, pyrolysis effect, whole system
Energy consumption is low, heat waste is few, prevents the generation of toxic and harmful.
One of the purpose of this utility model is to provide the system that a kind of sludge prepares activated carbon, including:Pyrolysis oven, multistage
Stove, steam boiler and carbon dioxide separator;
The pyrolysis oven includes pyrolysis feed entrance, pyrolytic carbon outlet, pyrolysis oil gas vent, burner and rotatable Sheng
Sale at reduced prices, the burner includes fuel gas inlet and exhanst gas outlet, and the burner is located at the top of the pyrolysis oven, described to hold
Disk is located at the bottom of the pyrolysis oven;
The multi-stage oven includes the outlet of pyrolytic carbon entrance, gas access and activated carbon;
The steam boiler includes steam outlet;
The carbon dioxide separator includes smoke inlet and carbon dioxide outlet;
The pyrolytic carbon entrance of the pyrolytic carbon outlet connection multi-stage oven of the pyrolysis oven, the vapor of the steam boiler
The gas access of the outlet connection multi-stage oven, the exhanst gas outlet of the burner connects the flue gas of the carbon dioxide separator
Entrance, the carbon dioxide outlet of the carbon dioxide separator connects the gas access of the multi-stage oven.
Pyrolysis oven is used for the pyrolysis of sludge, and pyrolysis feed is held on disk into uniform being laid on after pyrolysis oven, pyrolysis feed
Relative to holding, disk is static, and time of the pyrolysis feed in pyrolysis oven is controllable.
Used as the preferred scheme of the utility model, the burner includes multiple parallel and equally distributed heat accumulating type spokes
Penetrate pipe.Each heat accumulation type radiant tube internal-combustion atmosphere is completely separated with pyrolysis atmosphere in the pyrolysis oven burner hearth.
Utility model people has found, with sludge as raw material, pyrolysis oven and multi-stage oven is combined, and is with vapor and carbon dioxide
Activator, obtained activated carbon surface product is moderate, and pore size distribution is uniform.
Further, system of the present utility model also includes dryer, and the dryer includes sludge inlet and block material
Outlet, the pyrolysis feed entrance of the block material outlet connection pyrolysis oven.
Used as preferred scheme, the system also includes cooling separator, the cooling separator include pyrolysis oil gas entrance,
Pyrolysis gas outlet and pyrolytic behavior are exported, and the pyrolysis oil gas of the pyrolysis oil gas vent connection cooling separator of the pyrolysis oven enters
Mouthful, the pyrolysis gas outlet of the cooling separator connects the fuel gas inlet of the burner.
Further, system of the present utility model include oil water separator, the oil water separator include pyrolytic behavior entrance,
Pyrolysis oil export and pyrolysis water out, the pyrolytic behavior of the pyrolytic behavior outlet connection oil water separator of the cooling separator enter
Mouthful.
Further, the steam boiler in system includes fuel inlet and water inlet, the pyrolysis of the oil water separator
Oil export connects the fuel inlet of the steam boiler, and the pyrolysis water out of the oil water separator connects the steam boiler
Water inlet.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the system also include heater, the heater include gas access and
Gas vent, the steam outlet of the steam boiler and the carbon dioxide outlet of carbon dioxide separator connect the heater
Gas access, the gas vent of the heater connects the gas access of the multi-stage oven.
Another object of the present utility model is to provide a kind of above-mentioned system of utilization and prepares activated carbon by raw material of sludge
Method, comprises the following steps:
A, pyrolysis feed is sent into the pyrolysis oven carry out pyrolysis processing, obtain pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis oil gas;
B, the pyrolytic carbon is sent into the multi-stage oven, vapor, the carbon dioxide point are produced by the steam boiler
Carbon dioxide is isolated in the flue gas produced from burner from device, the vapor and carbon dioxide are sent into multi-stage oven to described
Pyrolytic carbon is activated, and obtains activated carbon.
Further, step is also included before the step A:Drying and processing is carried out to sludge, pyrolysis feed is obtained.
Preferably, method of the present utility model also includes step:The pyrolysis oil pneumatic transmission is entered into the cooling separator to enter
Row is separated, and obtains pyrolysis gas and pyrolytic behavior, and the pyrolysis gas are sent into the burner combustion of the pyrolysis oven;By the pyrolytic behavior
Feeding oil water separator is separated, and obtains pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis water;The pyrolysis oil is sent into the steam boiler to be fired
Burn, the pyrolysis water is sent into the steam boiler heating, obtain vapor.
Specifically, heated the vapor and carbon dioxide feeding heater in the step B, after heating
Vapor and carbon dioxide send into the multi-stage oven.
The utility model prepares the system and method for activated carbon with sludge as raw material, solves and prepares the pyrolysis of activated carbon leading portion
During line clogging, dust weight, pyrolysis effect difference problem;Solve that to prepare activated-carbon device high energy consumption, thermal loss tight
Again, the inferior problem of activated carbon is prepared;Whole process is simple, easy to operate, it can be ensured that the stability of operation, whole system Du
Exhausted toxic and harmful is produced;The pyrolysis gas for obtaining will be separated as fuel supplied burner, realize that heat is confessed;Effectively reduce
Tar content in pyrolytic carbon, so as to be conducive to follow-up multi-stage oven to prepare activated carbon.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system schematic of the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that utility model embodiment prepares active carbon method.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, specific embodiment of the present utility model is described in more details, with
Just better understood when the advantage of scheme of the present utility model and its various aspects.However, specific implementations described below side
Formula and embodiment are only descriptive purposes, rather than to limitation of the present utility model.
Inventor has found, with sludge as raw material, by using the internal pyrolysis oven that heat accumulation type radiant tube is set with it is existing
Multi-stage oven directly carries out combination and prepares activated carbon, and without transforming existing multi-stage oven, you can will be produced in pyrolysis oven
Pyrolytic carbon deliver to multi-stage oven carry out activation produce activated carbon.With vapor and carbon dioxide as activator, obtained activated carbon
Surface area is moderate, and pore size distribution is uniform.
As shown in Figure 1, on the one hand, the utility model embodiment provides the system that a kind of sludge prepares activated carbon, including:Dry
Dry machine 100, pyrolysis oven 200, cooling separator 300, oil water separator 400, steam boiler 500, carbon dioxide separator 600,
Heater 700 and multi-stage oven 800.
Dryer 100 is dried domestic sludge to the block material of suitable pyrolysis oven treatment, so as to ensure that pyrolysis oven normally connects
Reforwarding turns, and improves pyrolysis efficiency.Dryer 100 includes sludge inlet 101 and block material outlet 102.
Pyrolysis oven 200 includes pyrolysis feed entrance 201, pyrolytic carbon outlet 202, pyrolysis oil gas vent 203, burner 204
Disk 205 is held with rotatable.Pyrolysis feed entrance 201 is arranged on the top of pyrolysis oven 200, and the block material with dryer is exported
102 connections.
More traditional use gas heat carrier or solid thermal carriers are compared as the pyrolytic reaction device of pyrolysis thermal source, this reality
Preheating unit and carrier separative element need not be set with the pyrolysis oven of new embodiment, pyrolysis can be greatly simplified and activation is anti-
Technological process is answered, so as to significantly reduce the fault rate of device.
Multiple pyrolysis oil gas vent 203 is arranged on the top of pyrolysis oven 200.Yield according to pyrolysis oil gas can be opened individually
Certain or multiple pyrolysis oil gas vents are opened, the stabilization of pyrolysis oven furnace pressure during oil-producing gas is realized.Whole pyrolysis oven is used
Water seal, pyrolysis oven pyrolysis feed entrance is sealed using two-stage Starlike valve, it is ensured that material is carried out under oxygen-free atmosphere in whole burner hearth
Pyrolysis, while so that residence time of the pyrolysis gas in whole burner hearth more than 3s, it is to avoid generation dioxins materials.
Burner 204 includes fuel gas inlet 206 and exhanst gas outlet 207.Burner 204 is located at the top of pyrolysis oven 200, with
Just pyrolysis feed is heated.The top of burner 204 is located on the pyrolysis vertical direction of oil gas vent 203.Burner 204 is wrapped
Include multiple parallel and equally distributed heat accumulation type radiant tubes.Each heat accumulation type radiant tube internal-combustion atmosphere and the pyrolysis oven
Pyrolysis atmosphere in burner hearth is completely separated, it is ensured that pyrolysis oil gas has calorific value higher, while effectively inhibiting poisonous and harmful
The generation of gas.
Due to using heat accumulation type radiant tube to provide thermal source for pyrolytic process in pyrolysis oven 200, storage can be passed through by adjustment
The flow of the combustion gas of hot type radiant tube realizes the accurate temperature controlling to pyrolytic process, and the heat accumulation type radiant tube can by
Quick commutation and heat storage type combustion are realized in two ends, it is ensured that the uniformity in temperature field in domestic sludge pyrolysis oven, such that it is able to notable
Improve the pyrolysis efficiency of sludge.Normal temperature air temperature highest can be brought up to 450 DEG C by regenerative radiant tube burner, while burning
The flue-gas temperature of generation can be down to less than 120 DEG C.
Disk 205 is held positioned at the bottom of pyrolysis oven 200.Disk 205 is held for holding pyrolysis feed, the disk that holds of rotation can
Ensure the thermally equivalent of pyrolysis feed.Pyrolysis feed is relative to hold disk transfixion, it is to avoid the product of flying dust in pyrolytic process
It is raw.
Fraction solids Logistics are with pyrolysis when the pyrolysis oven of the utility model embodiment can solve to use other pyrolysis installations
Gas causes to block and the heavy problem of dust into pipeline and dust pelletizing system, while the loss for solving solid can take away part heat
Amount, causes the problem that heat loss is serious.Conventional pyrolysis installation, residence time of the solid in pyrolysis installation difficult control, causes
Also thoroughly just from discharging opening discharge, can there is more tar in pyrolysis to partial thermal decomposition charcoal in pyrolytic carbon, and tar is existed for
Follow-up pyrolytic carbon activation increases difficulty, reduces the specific surface area of activated carbon.The pyrolysis oven of the utility model embodiment does not exist this
A little problems.
Cooling separator 300 includes that pyrolysis oil gas entrance 301, pyrolytic behavior exports 302 and pyrolysis gas outlet 303.Pyrolysis oven
The connection cooling separator pyrolysis of pyrolysis oil gas vent 203 oil gas entrance 301, the connection of cooling separator pyrolysis gas outlet 303 institute
State burner fuel gas inlet 206.Cooling separator 300 includes indirect cooler, electrical tar precipitator, devulcanizer and deammoniation tower.Heat
The pyrolysis gas mixture for producing is solved, obtaining pyrolysis gas by Oil-gas Separation burns and can provide heat for pyrolysis oven is pyrolyzed.
Oil water separator 400 includes pyrolytic behavior entrance 401, pyrolysis oil export 402 and pyrolysis water out 403.Refrigerated separation
Device pyrolytic behavior outlet 302 connects oil water separator pyrolytic behavior entrance 401.Activation is obtained by the way that oil water separator 400 is separable instead
Activator and water required thermal source oil that should be required, supply a large amount of thermals source and water, and then can solve existing system without outer
Standby activated carbon system operating cost is high, the problem of complex process.
Steam boiler 500 includes fuel inlet 501, water inlet 502 and steam outlet 503.Oil water separator pyrolysis oil
Outlet 402 connects steam boiler fuel inlet 501, the oil water separator pyrolysis connection steam boiler of water out 403 water inlet 502.
Steam boiler 500 heats pyrolysis water with the pyrolysis oil after separating, and the vapor obtained after heating sends into back segment by conveyance conduit.
Carbon dioxide separator 600 includes smoke inlet 601 and carbon dioxide outlet 602.It is pyrolyzed the flue gas of burner
Outlet 207 connects the smoke inlet 601 of carbon dioxide separator.Carbon dioxide separator 600 is used for the titanium dioxide in flue gas
Carbon is separated and delivers to back segment.
Heater 700 includes gas access 701 and gas vent 702, steam boiler steam outlet 503 and carbon dioxide
The connection heater air of separator carbon dioxide outlet 602 entrance 701.Heater 700 is used for the waste heat of gas, reaches gas
Reaction temperature needed for multi-stage oven activation.So as to greatly improve heat utilization efficiency, so that reducing energy consumption.In the utility model embodiment,
Heater 700 is storage heater.
Multi-stage oven 800 includes pyrolytic carbon entrance 801, gas access 802 and activated carbon outlet 803.Pyrolysis oven pyrolytic carbon goes out
Mouth 202 connects multi-stage oven pyrolytic carbon entrances 801, and heater air outlet 702 connects multi-stage oven gas accesses 802.Multi-stage oven 800
Pyrolytic carbon can be carried out activation process, so as to obtain activated carbon.Utility model people find, by by pyrolyzing sludge stove produce
The direct heat of pyrolytic carbon of heat delivers to multi-stage oven top and the reaction of activator counter current contacting, can not only ensure that multi-stage oven is directly prepared
Activated carbon, and capacity usage ratio can be significantly improved, and be conducive to the stability of the preparation activated carbon system.
As shown in Fig. 2 on the other hand, the offer of the utility model embodiment is a kind of to utilize above-mentioned system with sludge as raw material
The method for preparing activated carbon, comprises the following steps:
1st, sludge drying:By domestic sludge deliver to feeding dryer in, domestic sludge can be dried to moisture content and be less than
46%, obtain pyrolysis feed.
2nd, charging feedstock:During pyrolysis feed sent into pyrolysis oven, holding on disk, thickness of feed layer is material uniform distribution
100-200mm。
3rd, displacement and air-leakage test:Ensure entirely to prepare the unlatching of activated carbon system internal valves, each equipment is communicated, to
System one end is passed through a certain amount of nitrogen or vapor, and whole system is entered into line replacement, air in system of draining, and shuts vent valve,
Ensure that the air-tightness of whole system is good.
4th, it is pyrolyzed:Pyrolysis feed is carried out into pyrolysis processing in pyrolysis oven, pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis oil gas is obtained.
5th, Oil-gas Separation:Pyrolysis oil pneumatic transmission is entered into cooling separator to be separated, pyrolysis gas and pyrolytic behavior is obtained, will be pyrolyzed
Pneumatic transmission enters the burner combustion of pyrolysis oven.
6th, water-oil separating:Pyrolytic behavior feeding oil water separator is separated, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis water is obtained.
7th, prepared by vapor:By in isolated pyrolysis water and pyrolysis oil feeding steam boiler, filled with pyrolysis oil direct combustion
Put and pyrolysis water is heated, 180 DEG C of Low pressure steam is obtained.
8th, carbon dioxide separation:The flue gas feeding carbon dioxide separator that burner is produced will be pyrolyzed, flue gas will be isolated
In carbon dioxide.
9th, gas preheating:The vapor and carbon dioxide that will be obtained are heated in being passed through heater, and gas temperature is carried
Height reaches reaction temperature needed for multi-stage oven activation to 700~900 DEG C.
10th, activated carbon is prepared:Gas after pyrolytic carbon and heating is sent into multi-stage oven, pyrolytic carbon is activated, obtained
Activated carbon.
Embodiment
With domestic sludge as raw material, carried out using domestic sludge preparation activated carbon system as follows the step of prepared by activated carbon:
(1) domestic sludge of 12 tons of moisture content about 80% is carried out into drying and processing, obtains pyrolysis of the moisture content less than 46%
Raw material;
(2) pyrolysis feed feeding pyrolysis oven is pyrolyzed, holding on disk, thickness of feed layer is material uniform distribution
100mm.It is 560 DEG C that pyrolysis obtains pyrolytic carbon temperature, and pyrolysis oil temperature degree is 650 DEG C, and the pyrolytic carbon that will be produced sends into multi-stage oven;
(3) the pyrolysis oil pneumatic transmission for producing will be pyrolyzed enter cooling separator and be separated and purified, so as to obtain the heat of cleaning
Vent one's spleen and pyrolytic behavior;
(4) will be burnt in isolated pyrolysis gas feeding burner, burner uses heat-storage type burner, can be by
Normal temperature air temperature highest brings up to 350 DEG C;
(5) will be separated in isolated pyrolytic behavior feeding oil water separator, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis water are obtained respectively;
(6) it is that pyrolysis water heat supply obtains water with pyrolysis oil direct combustion by pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis water feeding steam boiler plant
Steam;
(7) flue gas for producing burner sends into carbon dioxide separator, isolates the carbon dioxide in flue gas;
(8) the carbon dioxide feeding heater that the vapor and step (7) for obtaining step (6) are obtained is heated, will
Gas feeding multi-stage oven after heating;
(9) pyrolytic carbon that the gas that will be obtained in step (8) is obtained with step (2) is in the reverse haptoreaction system of multi-stage oven
Activated carbon is obtained, multi-stage oven reaction temperature is controlled at 860 DEG C.
Process described in the utility model can long-term smooth operation, above-mentioned domestic sludge prepare activated carbon yield and its
Main character is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
It should be noted that each embodiment above by reference to described by accompanying drawing is only used to illustrate the utility model rather than limit
Scope of the present utility model is made, it will be understood by those within the art that, do not departing from spirit of the present utility model and model
The modification carried out to the utility model on the premise of enclosing or equivalent, all should cover within the scope of the utility model.
Additionally, signified outer unless the context, the word for occurring in the singular includes plural form, and vice versa.In addition, removing non-specifically
Explanation, then all or part of of any embodiment can combine all or part of of any other embodiment and use.