CN109982911A - 用于对运输工具中的至少一个部件降温的方法和设备 - Google Patents
用于对运输工具中的至少一个部件降温的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于对运输工具(400)中的至少一个部件(410…470)降温的方法(100),具有步骤:求出(110)未来的与行驶路线相关的数据;根据所求出的数据降低(130)至少一个部件(410…470)的温度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于给运输工具中的至少一个部件降温的方法和设备。此外,本发明还涉及带有相应的设备的传动系和带有传动系的运输工具以及计算机程序和能机读的存储介质。
背景技术
用于道路交通的运输工具越来越多地自动化运行。由DE 10 2007 053 279 A1例如已知一种用于驱控混合动力运输工具的驱动***的方法。根据分别代表运输工具的邻近环境的一个方面的周围环境传感器和环境传感器的数据,如空气质量传感器、摄像机或通信***的数据,来驱控驱动***。随着运输工具的运行越来越自动化并且即使在运输工具的效率提升的情况下,也还存在改进这种方法和设备的需求。
发明内容
提供了一种用于对运输工具中的至少一个部件降温的方法。所述方法包括下列步骤:求出未来的与行驶路线相关的数据;根据所求出的数据降低至少一个部件的温度。
提供了一种方法,在该方法中,求出未来将要行驶的行驶路线的、与行驶路线相关的数据。在此涉及描述、代表和表征运输工具的未来的行驶路线或运输工具停放的地点的数据。这尤其是周围环境数据或环境数据,所述周围环境数据或环境数据尤其借助合适的传感器来检测或借助运输工具中可用的导航装置提供。倘若将要行驶的行驶路线已经公知、例如由驾驶员或服务提供商预定,并且带有拓扑地图的数据的运输工具的坐标和其它对运输工具的运行重要的数据被聚集起来,那么尤其可以借助导航装置就已经可以预先提供未来的与行驶路线相关的数据。根据这些求出的数据降低至少一个部件的温度。因此提供了一种用于对运输工具中的至少一个部件降温的方法。在运输工具中装有大量部件,它们在运输工具运行时会不同程度地变热。当个别部件过热时、例如当驱动装置过热时,该驱动装置的功率输出就减少,直至温度再次下降到一个允许的值。因此为了避免部件的功率输出的、特别是对抗驾驶员意愿或行驶策略的减少,按照一种方法,在存在针对未来将要行驶的行驶路线的相应的数据时,就已经预先这样降低所述部件的温度,从而可以在没有因产生的过高的温度导致功率下降的情况下完成未来的行驶路线的行驶。有利地提供一种用于对运输工具中的至少一个部件降温的方法,该方法实现了所述部件在运输工具中的有效的运行。因此实现了在未来的加速事件中所要求的运输工具加速。此外,尤其根据前瞻性的导航数据或周围环境数据,在电驱动的运输工具中通过对例如功率电子器件的、电池的或电机的降温为运输工具的未来的加速(推进运行,Boost-Betrieb)做好准备。
在用内燃机驱动的运输工具中,与此类似地借助降温使例如内燃机或法兰连接的涡轮增压器为未来的加速做好准备。部件尤其也因此较少地老化,因为在部件上出现了平均较小的温差和因此较小的温度负荷。
在本发明的另一种设计方案中,至少一个部件的温度的降低包括下列步骤中的至少一项:
降低运输工具的功率电子器件的驱控的时钟频率;
改变运输工具的功率电子器件的驱控方法;
提高通过部件的冷却器或冷却通道的冷却剂流量;
提高通风器转速以冷却部件;
提高用于对部件进行冷却的空调***的冷却功率;
关断运输工具的附加装置;
调整运输工具的变速器的传动比。
降低至少一个部件的温度包括下列步骤中的至少一项或者通过使用下列步骤中的至少一项完成:
针对例如包括功率电子器件的运输工具,特别是具有用于将直流电压转换成交流电压以例如用于驱动电机的变流器、或例如用于将高压电网的直流电压转换成低压电网或车载电网的低电压的直流电压变换器的运输工具,降低功率电子器件的驱控的时钟频率可能导致在功率电子器件内的功率半导体开关的开关损失变小。这导致了功率电子器件的温度的大幅下降。驱控方法的改变、例如脉宽调制到平顶运行(Flat-Top)或块运行(Blockbetrieb)的改变,优选也同样造成了功率电子器件的热损失的改变以及因此也造成运输工具中存在的功率电子器件的温度受到影响和下降。法兰连接在冷却器上的或者具有用于冷却部件的自集成的冷却通道或类似物的部件,优选为了降低温度而以较高的冷却剂流量运行。因此这些部件被更为迅速地冷却到较低的温度。在气冷的部件中,优选提高为此所设的通风器的通风器转速。借助优选在运输工具中存在的空调***来冷却的部件,优选通过提高空调***的冷却功率被更为强烈地冷却。因此所述部件的温度被降低。若部件例如用于运行或驱动多个装置或附加装置,那么优选关断至少一个附加装置。由此使所述部件受到较少的负荷并且因此达到了对所述部件的降温。此外,优选这样来调整运输工具的变速器的传动比,使得与变速器有效连接的部件的温度被降低。随着驱动装置的、例如电机的或内燃机的转速下降,驱动装置的热损失例如也减少。有利地提供了不同的可行方案来降低运输工具的至少一个部件的温度。
在本发明的另一种设计方案中,这样来选择或组合用于降温的步骤,从而确保了,运输工具的部件在行驶经过未来的行驶路线期间可靠地运行并且最小化了降温所需的能量。
视现有的部件和部件的温度以及极限温度而定,按需根据与未来的行驶路线相关的数据来选择用于对运输工具中的部件进行降温而提到的不同措施。也根据部件的相应的温度和极限温度来选择所使用的措施的强度。借助对各个措施进行加权,优选根据为此所需的能量或与之关联的排放,来选择和组合将要实施的措施。因此在对为此额外所需的能量或与之关联所提高的排放进行最小化的同时,降低了部件的温度。这既适用于降低单个部件的温度,也适用于降低运输工具的多个部件的温度的情况。有利地提供了用于选择相应的将要使用的措施的选择策略。
在本发明的另一种设计方案中,对未来的与行驶路线相关的数据的求出包括下列步骤中的至少一项:
在行驶经过未来的路线区段时求出至少一个部件的有待预期的热损失;
在行驶经过未来的上坡路时,根据该上坡路的陡峭度和路线长度求出至少一个部件的有待预期的热损失;
求出至少一个部件针对即将到来的加速过程的有待预期的热损失;
在未来停放在一地点上时求出至少一个部件的有待预期的热损失;
在行驶经过未来的路线区段时,根据驾驶员意愿或自动化的运输工具的运行策略求出至少一个部件的有待预期的热损失。
求出未来的与行驶路线相关的数据优选包括下列步骤中的一项:
优选求出在行驶经过未来的路线区段时至少一个部件的有待预期的热损失。
优选在行驶经过未来的路线区段时,根据该路线区段的坡度和路线长度求出至少一个部件的有待预期的热损失。有待预期的热损失尤其随着坡度的增加和路线长度的增加而增加。优选求出至少一个部件针对即将到来的加速过程的有待预期的热损失。借助数据、例如借助导航***的地图数据尤其在至少半自动行驶的范畴内,并且借助相应的周围环境传感装置、例如运输工具彼此间的通信,例如将即将到来的超车过程或并线到快速路或高速公路上识别为加速过程。随着加速度的增加,预期有更高的热损失。在例如路线规划的范畴内所规划的行驶中断时、例如未来停放在一地点上时,预期有热损失。例如倘若部件、优选高压电池应当借助快速充电过程充电或运输工具例如在停车时开空调。特别是在此处,但也在其它所说明的措施中,将有待预期的外部温度计入到对有待预期的热损失的求出过程中。此外,在求出至少一个部件在行驶经过未来的路线区段时有待预期的热损失时,考虑到了驾驶员意愿或所学习的驾驶员的行驶模式(Fahrprofil)或自动化运输工具的、例如自动驾驶的运输工具的运行策略。有利地提供了不同的可行方案,用于求出未来的与行驶路线相关的数据。
在本发明的另一种设计方案中,部件至少是功率电子器件的、变压器的、电池的、电机的、内燃机的、内燃机部件的或内燃机排气系部件的一子部件。
运输工具中的应当被降温的部件,可以例如是功率电子器件或功率电子器件的至少一个子部件。这尤其可以是用于将直流电压转换成用于驱动电机的交流电压的变流器或转换器,优选也是存在其中的功率开关和二极管。优选地,带有同样存在其中的功率开关和导电的结构元件的变压器、特别是直流电压变换器,是有待冷却的部件。这例如用于将高电压转换成运输工具中的低电压。部件优选是电池或者电池的单个模块,尤其是用于电驱动运输工具的高压电池或动力电池。部件优选是例如用于驱动运输工具的电机或该电机的转子或定子。此外,部件可以是用于驱动运输工具的内燃机或者是该内燃机的子部件,例如内燃机的涡轮增压器,优选该涡轮增压器的驱动器或叶片作为子部件。部件也可以优选配设给内燃机的排气系,所述部件用于净化内燃机的排气。有利地提供了多种可能的部件的选择,所述部件的温度为了在全负荷下按规定运行而被预先冷却。
此外,本发明涉及一种计算机程序,该计算机程序设立用于实施迄今为止所说明的方法。
此外,本发明涉及一种能机读的存储介质,所说明的计算机程序存储在该存储介质上。
此外,本发明还涉及一种用于对运输工具中的至少一个部件降温的设备,其中,该设备设立用于,根据未来的行驶路线求出数据并且根据所求出的数据降低至少一个部件的温度。
有利地提供了一种设备,该设备实现了部件在未来的行驶路线上在全负荷下的运行,例如实现了在未来的加速事件时的最大限度的运输工具加速。根据前瞻性的导航数据或周围环境数据,通过部件的降温为随后的未来的加速做好准备。
此外,本发明涉及一种传动系,其带有所说明的设备和特别是带有功率电子器件、电池、电机、内燃机和/或排气系。这种传动系例如用于驱动运输工具。借助所述方法和所述设备实现了该传动系的有效的运行。
此外,本发明涉及一种运输工具,其带有所说明的传动系。有利地提供一种运输工具,该运输工具包括用于对所述运输工具的至少一个部件降温的设备。
当然,按本发明的方法的特征、特性和优点相应地适用或能使用到所述设备或所述传动系和所述运输工具上,反之亦然。
本发明的实施方式的其它的特征和优点由随后参照附图的说明得出。
附图说明
接下来应当借助一些附图详细阐释本发明,图中:
图1是带有传动系和用于对至少一个部件降温的设备的运输工具的示意图;
图2是用于对至少一个部件降温的方法的示意性示出的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于对运输工具400中的至少一个部件410…470或所述至少一个部件的子部件降温的设备490。所述设备490设立用于,根据未来的行驶路线求出数据。设备490为此与传感器装置和数据检测装置495连接。设备490根据所述数据来驱控运输工具的、导致至少一个部件410…470的温度下降的另外的装置。示意性示出了在变压器420和设备490之间的连接。变压器420为设备490供应低电压作为运行电压。变压器420为此将电池430的电压、优选高压电池的例如300伏的高电压转换成低电压,例如转换到48伏或12伏。电池430通过功率电子器件410、特别是变流器,与电机440连接。另一个在图1中未示出的部件、特别是升压变换器,优选设置在电池430和功率电子器件410之间,以将电池430的电压转换到、特别是升高到功率电子器件410的输入电压,例如从300伏到600伏或800伏。功率电子器件410提供电能以供应电机440。为此,功率电子器件410将功率电子器件410的输入电压转换成交流电压。电机能通过联接结构445、优选通过离合器与内燃机450连接。在内燃机450上优选为了提升功率而对涡轮增压器460进行法兰连接。为了内燃机450的排气净化,设有排气系,所述排气系包括排气系的部件470。借助变速器455、优选换挡变速器或自动变速器,使两个驱动装置,即内燃机450和电机440能与输出轴484联接,该输出轴通过桥482驱动轮480。传动系300包括设备490和所说明的部件410…470中的至少一个部件。运输工具400在此被示意性示出,带有在另一个桥486上的另外两个轮480。但运输工具400也可以涉及陆上、水上或空中的单轮驱动的、双轮驱动的或多轮驱动的运输工具。
图2示出了用于对运输工具400中的至少一个部件410…470降温的方法100的示意性的流程。用步骤105开始所述方法。在步骤110中求出未来的与行驶路线相关的数据。这可以以多种多样的方法完成,因而例如在步骤112中求出在行驶经过未来的路线区段时至少一个部件410…470的有待预期的热损失,有待预期的热损失尤其与未来的或与预计所需的功率需求相关联。优选在步骤114中,在行驶经过未来的路线时根据该路线的坡度和路线长度求出至少一个部件410…470的有待预期的热损失。优选在步骤116中求出针对即将到来的加速过程的有待预期的热损失。优选在步骤118中求出在未来停放在一地点上时有待预期的热损失。优选在步骤122中根据驾驶员意愿或自动化的运输工具的运行策略求出在行驶经过未来路线区段时的有待预期的热损失。除这些方法步骤外,还有另一些方法步骤也是可能的,这通过在步骤110内的点序列示出。在步骤130中,根据所求出的数据降低至少一个部件410…470的温度。为此多个步骤又是可能的。例如在步骤132中降低运输工具的功率电子器件的时钟频率。优选在步骤134中改变运输工具的功率电子器件的驱控方法,例如从正弦形的脉宽调制切换到块运行(矩形驱控或平顶运行)。优选在步骤135中例如借助功率电子器件的功率开关的栅极串联电阻(Gatevorwiderstand)的改变来改变功率电子器件的开关动态。开关动态的改变在上下文中尤其指的是,功率开关用来从接通的状态切换到断开的状态和从断开的状态切换到接通的状态所需的持续时间的改变。优选在步骤136中提高通过部件的冷却器或冷却通道的冷却剂流量。优选在步骤138中提高用于冷却部件的通风器的通风器转速。优选在步骤142中提高空调***的冷却功率,所述空调***用于冷却部件。优选在步骤144中关断运输工具的附加装置并且进一步在步骤146中优选调整运输工具的变速器的传动比,以降低至少一个部件410…470的温度。也可以在步骤130中考虑其它的措施,这在附图中通过步骤130中的点序列示出。用步骤150结束所述方法。
Claims (10)
1.用于对运输工具(400)中的至少一个部件(410…470)降温的方法(100),具有步骤:
求出(110)未来的与行驶路线相关的数据;
根据所求出的数据降低(130)至少一个部件(410…470)的温度。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中,至少一个部件(410…470)的温度的降低(130)包括下列步骤中的至少一项:
降低(132)所述运输工具的功率电子器件的驱控的时钟频率;
改变(134)所述运输工具的功率电子器件的驱控方法;
改变所述功率电子器件的开关动态(135);
提高通过部件的冷却器或冷却通道的冷却剂流量(136);
提高通风器转速(138)以冷却部件;
提高用于对部件进行冷却的空调***的冷却功率(142);
关断(144)所述运输工具的附加装置;
调整(146)所述运输工具的变速器的传动比。
3.按照权利要求2所述的方法,其中,这样来选择或组合用于降低温度的步骤(132…144),从而保证了,在行驶经过未来的行驶路线期间所述运输工具(400)的部件(410…470)可靠运行,并且最小化了用来降低(130)温度所需的能量。
4.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,对未来的与行驶路线相关的数据的求出(110)包括下列步骤中的至少一项:
在行驶经过未来的路线区段时,求出至少一个部件(410…470)的有待预期的热损失(112);
在行驶经过未来的路线时,根据该路线的坡度和路线长度求出至少一个部件(410…470)的有待预期的热损失(114);
求出至少一个部件(410…470)针对即将到来的加速过程的有待预期的热损失(116);
求出在未来停放在一地点上时至少一个部件(410…470)的有待预期的热损失(118);
根据驾驶员意愿或自动化的运输工具的运行策略,在行驶经过未来的路线区段时求出至少一个部件(410…470)的有待预期的热损失(122)。
5.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述部件(410…470)至少是功率电子器件(410)的、变压器(420)的、电机(440)的电池(430)的、内燃机(450)的、或所述内燃机的部件(460)的、或所述内燃机的排气系的部件(470)的一子部件。
6.计算机程序,其设立用于实施按照权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法(100)。
7.能机读的存储介质,按照权利要求6所述的计算机程序存储在该能机读的存储介质上。
8.用于对运输工具中的至少一个部件(410…470)降温的设备(490),其中,所述设备(490)设立用于,根据未来的行驶路线求出数据并且根据所求出的数据降低至少一个部件的温度。
9.传动系(300),具有按照权利要求8所述的设备(490)。
10.运输工具(400),具有按照权利要求9所述的传动系(300)。
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- 2016-11-23 DE DE102016223173.1A patent/DE102016223173A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2017
- 2017-10-04 WO PCT/EP2017/075193 patent/WO2018095629A1/de unknown
- 2017-10-04 EP EP17781075.1A patent/EP3544871A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-10-04 CN CN201780072374.6A patent/CN109982911A/zh active Pending
- 2017-10-04 US US16/463,213 patent/US20200070832A1/en not_active Abandoned
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WO2011057847A2 (de) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-19 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Verfahren und anordnung zum betrieb von fahrzeugen mit elektrischem antrieb sowie ein entsprechendes computerprogramm und ein entsprechendes computerlesbares speichermedium |
DE102011119378A1 (de) * | 2011-11-25 | 2013-05-29 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Temperierung von Komponenten eines Hochspannungsantriebssystems eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Kraftfahrzeug |
CN103978890A (zh) * | 2013-02-07 | 2014-08-13 | 曼卡车和巴士股份公司 | 优化冷却循环冷却的电动部件的动力可用性的方法和组件 |
DE102014001645A1 (de) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-14 | Suzuki Motor Corporation | Kühlungssteuerungsvorrichtung für elektrisch angetriebenes Fahrzeug |
WO2015088423A1 (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2015-06-18 | Scania Cv Ab | Method in connection with a fan control system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20200070832A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
WO2018095629A1 (de) | 2018-05-31 |
EP3544871A1 (de) | 2019-10-02 |
DE102016223173A1 (de) | 2018-05-24 |
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