CN109967881B - Laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method - Google Patents
Laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109967881B CN109967881B CN201910277672.XA CN201910277672A CN109967881B CN 109967881 B CN109967881 B CN 109967881B CN 201910277672 A CN201910277672 A CN 201910277672A CN 109967881 B CN109967881 B CN 109967881B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
- B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cleaning-texturing combined machining method, which relates to a machining method and aims to solve the problems of poor surface quality, low machining efficiency and high operation cost of a material which needs to be subjected to laser texturing machining after laser cleaning or is manufactured by laser cleaning machining before laser texturing. Or two lasers are used for respectively generating two beams of laser, the two beams of laser are acted on the surface of the workpiece in tandem, the cleaning laser is in front, and the texturing laser is in back, so that the composite processing of material laser cleaning and texturing is realized. The purposes of saving time, improving efficiency, improving cleaning and texturing effects, improving material surface quality, reducing cost and the like are achieved. The invention is applied to the field of laser processing.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of laser processing.
Background
In 1969, Laser Cleaning (Laser Cleaning) concepts were first proposed by s.m. beamair and harold p.smith.jr of space science laboratories and nuclear engineering systems of berkeley university, california, and have been applied to a plurality of fields such as microelectronics, buildings, nuclear power plants, automobile manufacturing, medical treatment, cultural relics protection and the like through development of last fifty years. The laser cleaning technology has the following advantages:
(1) green: the laser cleaning technology is known as the green cleaning technology with the most development potential in the 21 st century, and no harmful chemical cleaning agent is needed in the cleaning process, so that no extra pollutant is produced.
(2) The cleaning effect is good: the laser cleaning adopts short pulse laser which is quickly acted on the surface of the material to cause numerous physical and chemical changes of dirt, thereby achieving the purpose of cleaning.
(3) The application range is wide: laser cleaning has been used in a number of industrial and domestic applications.
(4) Easy automation control: the laser has better focusing performance, and can realize accurate and automatic control on the cleaning part by matching with automatic systems such as a mechanical arm and the like, thereby improving the laser cleaning efficiency.
(5) The precision is high: the range of laser action is millimeter magnitude, and parts which are difficult to reach by the traditional method can be cleaned. And the laser cleaning can selectively clean the dirt on the surface of the material without damaging the internal composition and structure of the material.
(6) The surface properties are improved. The surface of the base material can be treated to a certain degree in the laser rust removal process, the appearance and the performance of the surface of the base material are improved, and better corrosion resistance is obtained.
(7) The laser decontamination equipment can be stably used for a long time, generally only needs electricity charge and maintenance cost, has low operation cost and can conveniently realize automatic operation.
Based on the outstanding advantages, laser cleaning is in sharp contrast to cleaning agents, ultrasonic waves and mechanical cleaning, and the traditional cleaning method is expected to be partially or completely replaced in the future.
Meanwhile, laser texturing (LTT) has gained increasing importance among numerous texturing techniques as a texturing technique that has emerged for over twenty years. In recent years, with the development of basic theory research of laser texturing technology, novel laser devices and laser sources are continuously emerged, the laser texturing technology is continuously mature and is popularized and applied in multiple levels, the laser texturing technology has penetrated into the fields of automobiles, household appliances, computers, biological medicine and the like, and the laser texturing technology shows a huge application prospect. As shown in table 1, the laser texturing technique exhibits advantages over other texturing techniques:
(1) the material with extremely high surface hardness can be roughened, and the method is hardly limited by the hardness of the material;
(2) determining the distribution mode of the texturing points, and controlling the appearance and the roughness of the texturing points;
(3) the laser texturing process is equivalent to rapid quenching of the base material, and can change the properties of the cleaned and textured material, such as hardness, wear resistance and the like;
(4) green and hardly produces pollution to the environment;
(5) the running cost is relatively low.
TABLE 1 comparison of several texturing techniques
In actual industrial production, the laser cleaning technology is gradually applied to cleaning of petroleum pipelines and high-speed rail vehicle bodies, and the purposes of being green and efficient can be achieved. However, after laser cleaning, because the metal surface is too smooth, paint can not be effectively attached to the wall of the oil pipeline and the body of a high-speed rail car, and troubles are brought to the paint spraying process. Therefore, after laser cleaning, the wall of the oil pipeline and the body of the high-speed railway are generally subjected to laser texturing treatment. Both are processed by laser, but the parameters of the laser, such as power, energy density, pulse width and frequency, are very different, so that two steps are needed to be carried out respectively, and sometimes, the cleaning and texturing are needed to be carried out at different places. This greatly reduces the efficiency of production and also causes a waste of many resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of poor surface quality, low processing efficiency and high running cost of materials (aluminum and alloys thereof, titanium and alloys thereof, high-strength steel and the like) which need to be subjected to laser texturing processing after laser cleaning or manufactured by laser cleaning processing before laser texturing. And provides a laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method.
Based on the problems, the laser cleaning-texturing integrated composite processing method is provided, so that a complex two-step process is combined into one step, on one hand, the efficiency is improved, the processing space is saved, on the other hand, the energy utilization rate can be improved through the composite effect of two beams of laser, and a better texturing effect is obtained.
The invention relates to a laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method, which divides laser emitted by a laser into two beams by a laser optical system, wherein one beam is used as a laser cleaning beam to act on a material to be processed, and the other beam is used as a laser texturing beam to act on the material to be processed; the energy ratio of the laser cleaning beam to the laser texturing beam is 2: 1-1: 6; the power of the laser emitted by the laser is 50W-2000W;
the laser optical system consists of a light splitting system and a focusing system; the light splitting system is a semi-reflection and semi-transmission system, and the semi-reflection and semi-transmission system is composed of a semi-reflection and semi-transmission spectroscope; the focusing system is a lens focusing system, and the lens focusing system is composed of lenses; or the focusing system is a reflection focusing system which is formed by an off-axis paraboloid reflection focusing mirror.
The invention relates to a laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method, which divides laser emitted by a laser into two beams by a laser optical system, wherein one beam is used as a laser cleaning beam to act on a material to be processed, and the other beam is used as a laser texturing beam to act on the material to be processed; the energy ratio of the laser cleaning beam to the laser texturing beam is 1: 1-1: 9; the power of the laser emitted by the laser is 50W-2000W;
the laser optical system consists of a light splitting system and a focusing system; the light splitting system is a ridge light splitting system which is composed of a ridge reflector; the focusing system is a lens focusing system, and the lens focusing system is composed of lenses; or the focusing system is a reflection focusing system which is formed by an off-axis paraboloid reflection focusing mirror.
The invention relates to a laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method, which comprises the steps of emitting two beams of laser by two lasers, wherein the two beams of laser respectively act on a processed material; wherein one beam is used as cleaning laser and the other beam is used as texturing laser; and ensuring that the cleaning laser beam is in front and the texturing laser beam is in back according to the movement direction of the laser; the power of each laser is 50W-2000W.
The laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method of the invention has two schemes:
the first laser cleaning-texturing composite processing scheme comprises the following steps: the laser cleaning and texturing machine can be used for modifying the existing laser gun head and designing a light path, so that laser emitted by a laser is divided into two beams after passing through the gun head designed by the invention, one beam is used for laser cleaning, and the other beam is used for laser texturing, thereby realizing the composite processing of laser cleaning and texturing of materials. The method involves an optical system that includes a beam splitting system and a focusing system. There are two main types of spectroscopic systems: a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting type, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2; ridge type, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. The focusing system includes a reflective focusing type and a lens focusing type.
The laser gun head designed by the invention is applied to the existing laser, and has the following advantages: 1. the energy utilization rate is improved. By controlling the parameters of the cleaning laser, the preheating function can be realized on the surface of the base material, the laser absorption rate of the surface of the base material is improved, the ablation threshold value is reduced, and the laser energy required by texturing is reduced. By adopting the composite processing method, the same effect can be achieved when the single texturing is carried out only by 50-80% of laser power, and the energy loss is greatly reduced. 2. The time interval between the cleaning and the texturing process is greatly shortened, and the time interval is millisecond or even microsecond, so that the phenomenon that the cleaned surface generates oxide again is effectively avoided, and the surface of the workpiece is ensured to be clean during texturing. 3. Improving the texturing quality. When the cleaning laser removes dirt on the surface of the material, the heat effect generated by the cleaning laser can enable the surface of the base material to form a thin molten metal layer, and the molten metal is rapidly cooled after being affected by the impact force generated by the texturing laser, so that a surface rougher than single laser texturing can be obtained, and the paint adhesion or the next material processing is facilitated. 4. The process is simplified. The traditional method for setting laser parameters twice is avoided, and two corresponding beams of laser are directly obtained through a light splitting system and are used for laser cleaning and texturing. 5. And the cost is saved. Laser cleaning and texturing can be realized only by one laser, and the purchase of two different lasers is avoided. 6. Time is saved, and efficiency is improved. The invention realizes the integration of laser cleaning and laser texturing, the laser cleaning and the laser texturing can be carried out at the same station, the step of station replacement is omitted, and the processing time is greatly shortened. 7. The cleaning quality is improved. The laser used for texturing can also clean partial residual oxide and dirt, and further improve the cleaning quality.
The second laser cleaning-texturing combined processing scheme is that two lasers can be used to respectively generate two beams of laser, the two beams of laser are applied to the surface of a workpiece in tandem, the cleaning laser is applied in front, and the texturing laser is applied in back, so that the material laser cleaning-texturing combined processing is realized, as shown in fig. 5. The purposes of saving time, improving efficiency, improving the cleaning texturing effect, improving the surface quality of the material, reducing cost and the like can be achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a semi-reflective and semi-transparent type beam splitting lens focusing system according to the present invention; wherein v is the speed of the laser in the moving direction;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a semi-reflective and semi-transmissive type light-splitting reflection focusing system according to the present invention; wherein v is the speed of the laser in the moving direction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a ridge type 1 beam splitting focusing system according to the present invention; wherein v is the speed of the laser in the moving direction;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a ridge type 2 beam splitting focusing system according to the present invention; wherein v is the speed of the laser in the moving direction;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a combined cleaning-texturing configuration of two laser machines of the present invention; wherein v is the speed of the laser in the moving direction;
FIG. 6 is an electron microscope image of the surface micro-topography of LF6 after cleaning and texturing in example 7;
FIG. 7 is an electron microscope image of the surface micro-topography after the laser cleaning-texturing hybrid process of example 1;
FIG. 8 is an electron microscope image of the surface micro-topography after the laser cleaning-texturing combined process of example 2.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, in which a laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method of the present embodiment divides laser light emitted from a laser into two beams by a laser optical system, one beam acts on a material to be processed as a laser cleaning beam, and the other beam acts on the material to be processed as a laser texturing beam; the energy ratio of the laser cleaning beam to the laser texturing beam is 2: 1-1: 6; the power of the laser emitted by the laser is 50W-2000W;
the laser optical system consists of a light splitting system and a focusing system; the light splitting system is a semi-reflection and semi-transmission system, and the semi-reflection and semi-transmission system is composed of a semi-reflection and semi-transmission spectroscope; the focusing system is a lens focusing system, and the lens focusing system is composed of lenses; or the focusing system is a reflection focusing system which is formed by an off-axis paraboloid reflection focusing mirror.
The material to be treated in this embodiment is aluminum and its alloy, titanium and its alloy, high-strength steel, or the like.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, and the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the semi-reflecting semi-transmitting spectroscope has ZnSe as substrate and 45 deg. set in the spectroscope.
The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, and the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: if the focusing system is a lens focusing system; the laser optical system comprises a semi-reflecting semi-permeable spectroscope I1, a focusing lens I2, a focusing lens II 4 and a plane reflector 3;
laser emitted by the laser is divided into a beam of transmitted light and a beam of reflected light by the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting spectroscope I1; the transmitted light is used as a laser cleaning beam to irradiate the focusing lens I2, and the laser beam is focused on a material I5 to be processed through the focusing lens I2; the reflected light irradiates on the plane reflector 3, is reflected to the focusing lens II 4 through the plane reflector 3, and is focused on the material I5 to be processed through the focusing lens II 4; the light beam acting on the material to be processed I5 through the focusing lens I2 is ensured to be in front, and the light beam acting on the material to be processed I5 through the focusing lens II 4 is ensured to be in back along the laser movement direction;
if the focusing system is a reflection focusing system, the laser optical system comprises a semi-reflection semi-transmission spectroscope II 11, a focusing lens 12 and a reflection focusing mirror 13;
the laser emitted by the laser is divided into a beam of transmitted light and a beam of reflected light by the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting spectroscope II 11; wherein, the transmitted light is used as a laser cleaning beam to irradiate on the focusing lens 12, and the laser beam is focused on the second material 14 to be processed through the focusing lens 12; the reflected light is reflected on the second material to be processed 14 through the reflection focusing mirror 13, and ensures that the light beam acting on the second material to be processed 14 through the focusing lens 12 is in front along the laser movement direction, and the light beam reflected on the second material to be processed 14 through the reflection focusing mirror 13 is behind.
The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, and the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: if the focusing system is a lens focusing system, the focal lengths of the cleaning beam and the texturing laser beam are both 50mm-500 mm; the distance between the cleaning light beam and the light spot of the texturing laser beam is 10mm-30 mm; the scanning speed is 200-3000 mm/s;
if the focusing system is a reflection focusing system, the focal lengths of the cleaning light beam and the texturing laser beam are both 200mm-1000mm, and the distance between the light spots of the cleaning light beam and the texturing laser beam is both 10mm-30 mm; the scanning speed is 200-3000 mm/s.
The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, which is a laser cleaning-texturing combined processing method, in which laser light emitted from a laser is divided into two beams by a laser optical system, one beam acts on a material to be processed as a laser cleaning beam, and the other beam acts on the material to be processed as a laser texturing beam; the energy ratio of the laser cleaning beam to the laser texturing beam is 1: 1-1: 9; the power of the laser emitted by the laser is 50W-2000W;
the laser optical system consists of a light splitting system and a focusing system; the light splitting system is a ridge light splitting system which is composed of a ridge reflector; the focusing system is a lens focusing system, and the lens focusing system is composed of lenses; or the focusing system is a reflection focusing system which is formed by an off-axis paraboloid reflection focusing mirror.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, and is different from the specific embodiment in five points: if the focusing system is a lens focusing system, the laser optical system comprises a ridge beam splitter 21 and a first reflecting focusing mirror 22;
laser emitted by the laser is divided into two beams of reflected light by the roof beam splitter 21; the two beams of reflected light are respectively reflected on a third material 23 to be processed through a first reflection focusing mirror 22; according to the laser movement direction, the front laser beam is used as a cleaning laser beam, and the rear laser beam is used as a texturing laser beam;
if the focusing system is a reflection focusing system, the laser optical system comprises a plane reflecting mirror 31 and a second reflection focusing mirror 32;
the laser emitted by the laser is divided into two reflected lights by the plane mirror 31; the two beams of reflected light are respectively reflected on a fourth material to be processed 33 through a second reflecting focusing mirror 32; and according to the laser movement direction, the front laser beam is used as a cleaning laser beam, and the rear laser beam is used as a texturing laser beam.
The rest is the same as the fifth embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, and is different from the specific embodiment in five points: if the focusing system is a lens focusing system, the laser focal lengths of the cleaning beam and the texturing laser beam are both 200mm-1000mm, and the scanning speeds of the cleaning beam and the texturing laser beam are both 10-3000 mm/s; the distance between the cleaning beam and the light spot of the texturing laser beam is 0.1-20 mm;
if the focusing system is a reflection focusing system, the laser focal lengths of the cleaning beam and the texturing laser beam are both 200mm-1000mm, and the scanning speeds of the cleaning beam and the texturing laser beam are both 10-3000 mm/s; the distance between the cleaning light beam and the light spot of the texturing laser beam is 0.1-5 mm.
The rest is the same as the fifth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, and the present embodiment relates to a laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method, in which two lasers are used to emit two laser beams, and the two laser beams respectively act on a material to be processed; wherein one beam is used as cleaning laser and the other beam is used as texturing laser; and ensuring that the cleaning laser beam is in front and the texturing laser beam is in back according to the movement direction of the laser; the power of each laser is 50W-2000W.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, and is different from the specific embodiment in eight points: the distance between the cleaning beam and the spot of the texturing laser beam is 0.1-50 mm.
The rest is the same as the embodiment eight.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, and is different from the specific embodiment in eight points: the scanning speeds of the cleaning light beam and the texturing laser beam are both 10-3000 mm/s.
The rest is the same as the embodiment eight.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, and is different from the specific embodiment in eight points: the laser optical system comprises a first collimating mirror 41, a second collimating mirror 42, a first scanning galvanometer 43, a second scanning galvanometer 44, a third scanning galvanometer 45, a fourth scanning galvanometer 46, a first focusing lens 47 and a second focusing lens 48;
laser emitted by the laser passes through the first collimating mirror 41, is reflected on the second scanning galvanometer 44 through the first scanning galvanometer 43, is reflected on the first focusing lens 47 through the second scanning galvanometer 44, and is focused on the surface of a material to be processed five 49 through the first focusing lens 47 to serve as a laser cleaning beam; laser emitted by the other laser passes through the second collimating mirror 42, is reflected on the fourth scanning galvanometer 46 through the third scanning galvanometer 45, is reflected on the second focusing lens 48 through the fourth scanning galvanometer 46, and is focused on the surface of the fifth material to be processed 49 through the second focusing lens 48 to serve as laser texturing light beams; and ensures that the cleaning laser beam is in front and the texturing laser beam is in back according to the movement direction of the laser.
The rest is the same as the embodiment eight.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and one or a combination of several embodiments may also achieve the object of the invention.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are demonstrated by the following examples:
example 1
In the laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method of the embodiment, the second processing method (as shown in fig. 5) of the invention is adopted to process the surface of the LF6 aluminum alloy, that is, two beams of laser are emitted by different lasers, and are respectively irradiated on the surface of a workpiece in tandem, the cleaning laser is in front, and the texturing laser is in back; the power of the cleaning laser is 200W, the power of the texturing laser is only 400W, the distance between the light spots of the two laser beams is 5mm, and the moving speed of the light spots of the two laser beams is 2000 mm/min. The microstructure of the surface of the processed LF6 aluminum alloy is shown in FIG. 7, and the roughness is 4.0 μm. As can be analyzed from fig. 7, the same effect can be achieved by cleaning the materials with the same texturing, and the energy consumption can be reduced by about 30% by using the laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method.
Example 2
In the laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method of the embodiment, the second processing method (as shown in fig. 5) of the invention is adopted to process the surface of the LF6 aluminum alloy, that is, two beams of laser are emitted by different lasers, and are respectively irradiated on the surface of a workpiece in tandem, the cleaning laser is in front, and the texturing laser is in back; the power of the cleaning laser is 200W, the power of the texturing laser is only 600W, the distance between the light spots of the two laser beams is 5mm, and the moving speed of the light spots of the two laser beams is 2000 mm/min. The surface micro-morphology of the processed LF6 aluminum alloy is shown in FIG. 8, and the roughness is 7.8 μm.
Example 3
In the laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method of the embodiment, the surface of the LF6 aluminum alloy is processed by the first processing method (as shown in fig. 1) described in the present invention, the method divides the laser emitted by the laser into two beams by the laser optical system, one beam acts on the material to be processed as the laser cleaning beam, and the other beam acts on the material to be processed as the laser texturing beam;
the laser optical system consists of a light splitting system and a focusing system; the light splitting system is a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting system, and the system consists of a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting light splitting mirror; the focusing system is a lens focusing system, and the lens focusing system is composed of lenses;
the substrate of the semi-reflecting semi-transparent spectroscope is ZnSe, the surface of the semi-reflecting semi-transparent spectroscope is coated with a corresponding optical coating to change the polarization state of incident laser, in the actual operation, the spectroscope is placed at 45 degrees, and the coating of the spectroscope is changed according to different energy requirements of specific laser cleaning and laser texturing, so that the proportion of the energy of two divided beams of laser is controlled; the energy ratio of the laser cleaning beam to the laser texturing beam is 1: 6; the power of the laser emitted by the laser is 400W;
for the transmitted light, since it is used for laser cleaning, the laser energy is not large and is directly focused by a lens. In order to reduce the absorption rate of materials, reduce spherical aberration and generate the minimum collimation incident light focus, the invention adopts a convex-concave lens (crescent) to focus the transmitted light, for the reflected light, if the convex-concave lens is used for texturing metals with low melting point, such as the LF6 aluminum alloy in the embodiment, the required laser energy is not particularly large, in order to reduce the cost, the plane mirror and lens mode can be directly adopted for focusing, and as shown in figure 1, the selected lens focal length is 100 mm; the distance between the light spots is adjusted to be 10 mm; the scanning speed is 1000 mm/s;
the laser optical system (as shown in fig. 1) of the present embodiment includes a half-reflecting half-transmitting beam splitter 1, a focusing lens 2, a focusing lens 4 and a plane mirror 3; laser emitted by the laser is divided into a beam of transmitted light and a beam of reflected light by the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting spectroscope I1; the transmitted light is used as a laser cleaning beam to irradiate the focusing lens I2, and the laser beam is focused on a material I5 to be processed through the focusing lens I2; the reflected light irradiates on the plane reflector 3, is reflected to the focusing lens II 4 through the plane reflector 3, and is focused on the material I5 to be processed through the focusing lens II 4; and ensuring that the light beam acting on the first material to be processed 5 through the first focusing lens 2 is in front and the light beam acting on the first material to be processed 5 through the second focusing lens 4 is behind along the movement direction of the laser.
The roughness of the LF6 aluminum alloy in the embodiment can reach 0.5-8.0 μm, and the precision is 0.1 μm.
Example 4
In the laser cleaning-texturing combined machining method of the embodiment, the surfaces of the titanium alloy and the high-strength steel are machined by adopting the first machining method (shown in fig. 2) of the invention, the method divides laser emitted by a laser into two beams through a laser optical system, one beam is used as a laser cleaning beam to act on a material to be processed, and the other beam is used as a laser texturing beam to act on the material to be processed;
the laser optical system consists of a light splitting system and a focusing system; the light splitting system is a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting system, and the system consists of a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting light splitting mirror; the focusing system is a reflection focusing system, and the reflection focusing system is formed by an off-axis paraboloid reflection focusing mirror;
the substrate of the semi-reflecting semi-transparent spectroscope is ZnSe, the surface of the semi-reflecting semi-transparent spectroscope is coated with a corresponding optical coating to change the polarization state of incident laser, in the actual operation, the spectroscope is placed at 45 degrees, and the coating of the spectroscope is changed according to different energy requirements of specific laser cleaning and laser texturing, so that the proportion of the energy of two divided beams of laser is controlled; the energy ratio of the laser cleaning beam to the laser texturing beam is 2: 6; the power of laser emitted by the laser is 600W;
if the method is used for roughening metals with higher melting points, such as titanium alloy and high-strength steel, the lens is continuously used for focusing, so that the thermal lens effect is easily generated, the focal position is changed, and the light spot quality is influenced. If the power is too high, the lens is also at risk of optical damage. The reflected light is therefore focused using an off-axis parabolic mirror focusing mirror, as shown in figure 2. The reflector made of the copper substrate has high reflectivity, can bear extremely high laser power, can reflect and focus laser beams at 90 degrees, and has a laser focal length of 500 mm; the distance between the light spots is adjusted to be 20 mm; the scanning speed is 2000 mm/s;
the laser optical system (as shown in fig. 2) of the present embodiment includes a second half-reflecting and half-transmitting beam splitter 11, a focusing lens 12 and a reflecting and focusing mirror 13;
the laser emitted by the laser is divided into a beam of transmitted light and a beam of reflected light by the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting spectroscope II 11; wherein, the transmitted light is used as a laser cleaning beam to irradiate on the focusing lens 12, and the laser beam is focused on the second material 14 to be processed through the focusing lens 12; the reflected light is reflected on the second material to be processed 14 through the reflection focusing mirror 13, and ensures that the light beam acting on the second material to be processed 14 through the focusing lens 12 is in front along the laser movement direction, and the light beam reflected on the second material to be processed 14 through the reflection focusing mirror 13 is behind.
The roughness of the titanium alloy and the high-strength steel can reach 0.5-10.0 mu m by the roughening treatment of the titanium alloy and the high-strength steel, and the precision is 0.1 mu m.
Example 5
In the laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method of the embodiment, the method is a first processing method (as shown in fig. 3) for processing the surface of a metal material, the method divides laser emitted by a laser into two beams through a laser optical system, namely, the laser is completed by a ridge type reflecting device, and the laser is reflected on two surfaces respectively so as to realize light splitting; one laser beam is used as a laser cleaning beam to act on the material to be processed, and the other laser beam is used as a laser texturing beam to act on the material to be processed; roof reflecting mirror can change the proportion of both sides laser at certain angle internal rotation, realizes the adjustment of two bundles of laser energy proportions for two bundles of laser energy proportion control of laser cleaning and laser texturing are at: the energy ratio of the laser cleaning beam to the laser texturing beam is 1: 9; the distance between the two light spots can be changed to a certain degree while the laser rotates, the distance between the light spots is adjusted to be 10mm, and the power of laser emitted by the laser is 500W; the focal length is 400 mm; the scanning speed is 1000 mm/s;
the laser optical system consists of a light splitting system and a focusing system; the light splitting system is a ridge type light splitting system and consists of a ridge reflector; the focusing system is a lens focusing system, and the lens focusing system is formed by lenses. During processing, as shown in fig. 3, laser firstly passes through a ridge beam splitter 21 to split the laser into two beams with different energy, and then is reflected and focused by a reflection focusing mirror 3 respectively and then acts on the surface of a material to perform laser cleaning and texturing; the laser optical system (as shown in fig. 3) of the present embodiment includes a roof beam splitter 21 and a first reflective focusing mirror 22;
laser emitted by the laser is divided into two beams of reflected light by the roof beam splitter 21; the two beams of reflected light are respectively reflected on a third material 23 to be processed through a first reflection focusing mirror 22; and according to the laser movement direction, the front laser beam is used as a cleaning laser beam, and the rear laser beam is used as a texturing laser beam.
The roughness of the texturing of the metal material can reach 0.1-50.0 μm, and the precision is 0.1 μm.
Example 6
In the laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method of the embodiment, the method is a first processing method (as shown in fig. 4) for processing the surface of a metal material, the method divides laser emitted by a laser into two beams through a laser optical system, namely, the laser is completed by a ridge type reflecting device, and the laser is reflected on two surfaces respectively so as to realize light splitting; one laser beam is used as a laser cleaning beam to act on the material to be processed, and the other laser beam is used as a laser texturing beam to act on the material to be processed; roof reflecting mirror can change the proportion of both sides laser at certain angle internal rotation, realizes the adjustment of two bundles of laser energy proportions for two bundles of laser energy proportion control of laser cleaning and laser texturing are at: the energy ratio of the laser cleaning beam to the laser texturing beam is 1: 5; the distance between the two light spots can be changed to a certain degree while rotating, the distance between the light spots is adjusted to be 3mm, and the power of laser emitted by a laser is 1000W; the focal length is 800 mm; the scanning speed is 2000 mm/s; the laser optical system of the present embodiment (as shown in fig. 4) includes a plane mirror 31 and a second reflection focusing mirror 32;
the laser emitted by the laser is divided into two reflected lights by the plane mirror 31; the two beams of reflected light are respectively reflected on a fourth material to be processed 33 through a second reflecting focusing mirror 32; and according to the laser movement direction, the front laser beam is used as a cleaning laser beam, and the rear laser beam is used as a texturing laser beam. During processing, the laser is reflected by the plane mirror 31 and then reaches the combined reflection focusing mirror, is reflected and focused at the upper part for laser cleaning, and is reflected and focused at the lower part for laser texturing.
The roughness of the texturing of the metal material can reach 0.1-50.0 μm, and the precision is 0.1 μm.
Example 7
In this example, as a comparative example, the LF6 aluminum alloy was laser cleaned and then laser roughened. The laser cleaning beam power is 200W, the laser texturing beam power is 600W, and the moving speed of a light spot is 2000 mm/min. The microstructure of the surface of the processed aluminum alloy is shown in FIG. 6, and the surface roughness of the LF6 aluminum alloy is 4.2 μm.
Compared with the separate processing of cleaning and texturing, the composite processing method can obtain better texturing effect and obtain a rougher aluminum alloy surface under the same laser power, and is beneficial to the adhesion of the coating.
Claims (5)
1. A laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method is characterized in that the processing method divides laser emitted by a laser into two beams through a laser optical system, one beam acts on a material to be processed as a laser cleaning beam, and the other beam acts on the material to be processed as a laser texturing beam; the energy ratio of the laser cleaning beam to the laser texturing beam is 2: 1-1: 6; the power of the laser emitted by the laser is 50W-2000W;
the laser optical system consists of a light splitting system and a focusing system; the light splitting system is a semi-reflection and semi-transmission system, and the semi-reflection and semi-transmission system is composed of a semi-reflection and semi-transmission spectroscope; the focusing system is a lens focusing system, and the lens focusing system is composed of lenses; or the focusing system is a reflection focusing system which is formed by an off-axis paraboloid reflection focusing mirror; if the focusing system is a lens focusing system, the focal lengths of the cleaning beam and the texturing laser beam are both 50mm-500 mm; the distance between the cleaning light beam and the light spot of the texturing laser beam is 10mm-30 mm; the scanning speed is 200-3000 mm/s; if the focusing system is a reflection focusing system, the focal lengths of the cleaning light beam and the texturing laser beam are both 500mm, and the distance between the light spots of the cleaning light beam and the texturing laser beam is both 10 mm; the scanning speed is 1000 mm/s; or the focusing system is a reflection focusing system, and the distances between the cleaning light beam and the light spots of the textured laser beam are both 20 mm; the scanning speed is 2000 mm/s; the workpiece processed by the processing method is aluminum and alloy thereof, titanium and alloy thereof or high-strength steel.
2. The laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate of the semi-reflecting semi-transparent spectroscope is ZnSe, and the spectroscope is placed at 45 °.
3. The laser cleaning-texturing compound processing method according to claim 1, wherein if the focusing system is a lens focusing system; the laser optical system comprises a semi-reflecting semi-permeable spectroscope I (1), a focusing lens I (2), a focusing lens II (4) and a plane reflector (3);
laser emitted by the laser is divided into a beam of transmitted light and a beam of reflected light by the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting spectroscope I (1); the transmitted light is used as a laser cleaning beam to irradiate on the first focusing lens (2), and the laser beam is focused on the first material (5) to be processed through the first focusing lens (2); the reflected light irradiates on the plane reflector (3), is reflected to the focusing lens II (4) through the plane reflector (3), and is focused on the material I (5) to be processed through the focusing lens II (4); and ensuring that the light beam acting on the material I (5) to be processed through the focusing lens I (2) is in front and the light beam acting on the material I (5) to be processed through the focusing lens II (4) is behind along the movement direction of the laser;
if the focusing system is a reflection focusing system, the laser optical system comprises a semi-reflection semi-transmission spectroscope II (11), a focusing lens (12) and a reflection focusing mirror (13);
the laser emitted by the laser is divided into a beam of transmitted light and a beam of reflected light by a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting spectroscope II (11); wherein, the transmitted light is used as a laser cleaning beam to irradiate on a focusing lens (12), and the laser beam is focused on a second material (14) to be processed through the focusing lens (12); the reflected light is reflected on the second material to be processed (14) through the reflecting focusing mirror (13), and the light beam acting on the second material to be processed (14) through the focusing lens (12) is ensured to be ahead along the laser movement direction, and the light beam reflected on the second material to be processed (14) through the reflecting focusing mirror (13) is ensured to be behind.
4. A laser cleaning-texturing composite processing method is characterized in that the processing method divides laser emitted by a laser into two beams through a laser optical system, one beam acts on a material to be processed as a laser cleaning beam, and the other beam acts on the material to be processed as a laser texturing beam; the energy ratio of the laser cleaning beam to the laser texturing beam is 1: 1-1: 9; the power of the laser emitted by the laser is 50W-2000W;
the laser optical system consists of a light splitting system and a focusing system; the light splitting system is a ridge light splitting system which is composed of a ridge reflector; the focusing system is a lens focusing system, and the lens focusing system is composed of lenses; or the focusing system is a reflection focusing system which is formed by an off-axis paraboloid reflection focusing mirror; if the focusing system is a lens focusing system, the laser focal lengths of the cleaning beam and the texturing laser beam are both 100mm, and the scanning speeds of the cleaning beam and the texturing laser beam are both 1000 mm/s; the distance between the cleaning light beam and the light spot of the texturing laser beam is 10 mm; or the focusing system is a lens focusing system, and the scanning speeds of the cleaning light beam and the texturing laser beam are both 2000 mm/s; the distance between the cleaning beam and the spot of the texturing laser beam was 3 mm.
5. The laser cleaning-texturing compound processing method as claimed in claim 4, wherein if the focusing system is a lens focusing system, the laser optical system comprises a roof beam splitter (21) and a first reflecting focusing mirror (22);
laser emitted by the laser is divided into two beams of reflected light by a roof beam splitter (21); the two beams of reflected light are respectively reflected on a third material (23) to be processed through a first reflecting focusing mirror (22); according to the laser movement direction, the front laser beam is used as a cleaning laser beam, and the rear laser beam is used as a texturing laser beam;
if the focusing system is a reflection focusing system, the laser optical system comprises a plane reflecting mirror (31) and a second reflection focusing mirror (32); laser emitted by the laser is divided into two reflected lights by a plane reflector (31); the two beams of reflected light are respectively reflected on a material four (33) to be processed through a second reflecting focusing mirror (32); and according to the laser movement direction, the front laser beam is used as a cleaning laser beam, and the rear laser beam is used as a texturing laser beam.
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| CN110420935B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-11-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser cleaning-texturing composite processing head |
| CN110449417B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2024-01-19 | 南京先进激光技术研究院 | Multifocal laser belt cleaning device |
| CN111195775A (en) * | 2020-03-07 | 2020-05-26 | 深圳市汇泽激光科技有限公司 | Combined type laser cleaning terminal and processing method |
| CN112317458B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-03-25 | 深圳信息职业技术学院 | Composite processing equipment and method for laser cleaning and laser shock peening |
| CN112427411B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-04-12 | 厦门理工学院 | Laser cleaning light path |
| CN113681150A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-23 | 浙江华电器材检测研究所有限公司 | Method and device for multi-beam laser welding of nano modified aluminum alloy |
| CN114589390A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-06-07 | 中机智能装备创新研究院(宁波)有限公司 | Ultrasonic laser welding method and metal material |
| CN114653686A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-06-24 | 江苏大学 | Paint laser cleaning method |
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| DE102012218103A1 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2014-02-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | System for cleaning e.g. piezoelectric actuator from wood resin, has positioning and/or moving device positioning and/or moving laser device relative to component surface, and laser device adjusting emitted laser beam for cleaning surface |
| CN107297365B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-06-14 | 温州职业技术学院 | A kind of desk-top laser accurate cleaning device of dual wavelength composite energy profile |
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| CN109226098A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of laser cleaning original position electric deposition device and method |
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