CN109959467B - Temperature setting method for universal dam - Google Patents
Temperature setting method for universal dam Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002790 cross-validation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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Abstract
The invention provides a global dam temperature setting method which comprises point temperature measurement, line temperature measurement and surface temperature measurement. The point, line and surface temperature measurement modes are combined for the first time, so that the internal and surface temperatures of the concrete dam can be monitored online and continuously, temperature interpolation can be carried out based on actually measured temperature data, a two-dimensional and three-dimensional real temperature field of the concrete dam can be reconstructed in real time, and the method has great significance. The invention improves the past method of arranging a point thermometer and a distributed optical fiber in a concrete dam by depending on experience, and provides a scientific embedding basis of a dam temperature monitoring instrument and a method for determining the temperature. The three temperature measurement modes have the advantages that the thermometer can be flexibly arranged in dam concrete, the temperature measurement optical fiber is resistant to electromagnetic interference, long in service life, high in sensitivity and precision, the thermal infrared imager is used for non-contact remote temperature measurement, the three are reasonably arranged, and the global point, line and surface temperatures of the dam can be efficiently, economically and accurately obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dam monitoring, in particular to a global dam temperature setting method.
Background
In the prior art, the temperature monitoring of mass concrete includes traditional thermocouple or thermal resistance thermometer monitoring, optical fiber monitoring based on distributed optical fiber temperature sensing technology, infrared temperature measurement based on infrared radiation theory and other means. The traditional point type thermometer can only carry out point type temperature measurement, the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology can monitor the temperature of concrete along an optical fiber, and the infrared temperature measurement technology can obtain the temperature distribution of the surface of an object through infrared radiation emitted by the surface of the detected object. However, most of conventional large-volume concrete temperature monitoring depends on thermometer monitoring, and a small amount of engineering uses distributed optical fibers for temperature monitoring, so that the reconstruction of a real temperature field in dam concrete cannot be realized. The mode of simultaneously combining the three temperature measuring methods is not realized in the large-volume concrete dam block at present; in addition, how to design and arrange the point thermometer and the distributed optical fiber in the concrete dam mainly depends on experience, and scientific embedding basis and a temperature determining method are lacked.
Therefore, a global temperature determination method for a concrete dam is urgently needed, and the arrangement mode and the path of a temperature monitoring instrument are scientifically and quantitatively determined, so that the temperature in the concrete dam can be accurately measured.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a global dam temperature fixing method, which is used for scientifically and reasonably embedding a thermometer and a temperature measuring optical fiber in a dam and combining infrared temperature measuring equipment to obtain the actual temperature of the internal points and lines of dam concrete and the surface of the dam, thereby reconstructing the actual temperature field of the dam and scientifically fixing the temperature of a concrete dam block.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the proposed solution is as follows:
a global dam temperature setting method comprises a point temperature measurement arrangement, a line temperature measurement arrangement and a surface temperature measurement arrangement, wherein the real temperatures of points, lines and the surface of a dam in dam concrete are obtained; wherein, the some temperature measurement is arranged to bury hydraulic digital thermometer underground in the dam, the some temperature measurement is arranged to include:
a. setting a dam block vertex coordinate as (x)i,yi,zi)，i＝1,2,3,4,…,n；
b. Within the dam block, randomly selecting m points (x)h,yhZh), h ═ 1,2,3, …, m, and an initial temperature value T is assignedhThen obtaining the known temperature point information (x)h,yh,zh,Th)；
c. Interpolating to obtain a temperature field of the whole dam block by using the temperature data of the m temperature points and adopting a 3-dimensional spatial interpolation method;
d. and (3) accuracy judgment standard of the reconstructed temperature field: adopting a cross-validation method, sequentially deleting one point from the initially selected m temperature points, and marking as (x)j,yj,zj) The other temperature points are kept unchanged, the temperature field of the whole dam block is interpolated by using the remaining m-1 temperature points, and (x) is calculatedj,yj,zj) Temperature reconstruction value T ofj ※And an initial value TjComparing to obtain the absolute value difference value delta T of the twoj＝|Tj ※-TjThen delete another point from all the initial temperature points and useReconstructing the temperature field of the rest temperature points, comparing the temperature field with the initial temperature value of the point, and repeating the steps until all the temperature points are compared once, thereby finally obtaining m delta TjCalculating the average difference value DeltaT※＝1/m∑ΔTjJ is 1,2,3, …, m; if Δ T※The smaller the reconstructed temperature field is, the more accurate the reconstructed temperature field is;
e. continuously adjusting the number m of initial temperature points and the position (xh, y) of temperature measuring pointsh,zh) To obtain the minimum Delta T※Obtaining the optimal hydraulic digital thermometer burying number m and the hydraulic digital thermometer burying position (x)h,yh,zh)。
Furthermore, the position of the temperature measuring point forms a buried circuit of the optical fiber, namely a line temperature measuring arrangement is obtained by the point temperature measuring arrangement.
Further, surface temperature measurement comprises infrared temperature measurement, and an infrared thermal imager is adopted and used for monitoring the temperatures of the upper surface, the lower surface and the upper surface of the dam.
Further, the dam block is any three-dimensional body.
Further, the 3-dimensional spatial interpolation method includes an inverse distance weighted interpolation method, a nearest neighbor interpolation method, a kriging interpolation method, a ternary higher-order function approximation method, and the like.
Further, the installation distance L between the thermal infrared imager and the dam1A calibrated distance L from the thermal imager2Satisfy L1≤L2。
Furthermore, the hydraulic digital thermometer comprises a temperature sensor, a temperature sensor lead, a first packaging tube, a second packaging tube and packaging materials, wherein the temperature sensor and a connecting end, connected with the temperature sensor, on the temperature sensor lead are packaged in the first packaging tube, the second packaging tube is packaged outside the first packaging tube, the second packaging tube surrounds the first packaging tube, a first packaging cavity is formed in the first packaging tube, a second packaging cavity is formed between the outer wall of the first packaging tube and the inner wall of the second packaging tube, and the packaging materials are packaged in the first packaging cavity and the second packaging cavity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the arrangement mode and the path of the temperature monitoring instrument are determined scientifically and quantitatively, the actual temperature of the concrete inner point, line and dam surface of the dam is obtained, the accurate measurement of the temperature in the concrete dam is realized, and the actual temperature field of the dam is reconstructed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and obviously, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings while the inventive work is performed below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a point temperature measurement coordinate correspondence according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall arrangement of the hydraulic digital thermometer, the temperature measuring optical fiber and the thermal infrared imager.
Wherein, 1 is optical fiber, 2 is a hydraulic digital thermometer, and 3 is a thermal infrared imager.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the problem of the temperature monitoring of dam concrete at present, the invention realizes the measurement of the point, line and surface temperature of the concrete dam by scientifically and quantitatively determining the arrangement mode and path of a temperature monitoring instrument, thereby reconstructing the real temperature field of the dam.
(I) point temperature measurement and line temperature measurement arrangement
1. As shown in FIG. 1, let a dam block vertex coordinate be (x)i,yi,zi) 1,2,3,4, …, n (note: the dam may be any three-dimensional body).
2. Inside the dam blockRandomly selecting m points, (x)h,yh,zh) H is 1,2,3, …, m, and is given an initial temperature value ThThen obtaining the known temperature point information (x)h,yh,zh,Th)。
3. And (3) interpolating to obtain the temperature field of the whole dam block by using the temperature data of the m temperature points and adopting a 3-dimensional spatial interpolation method (such as an inverse distance weighted interpolation method, a nearest neighbor interpolation method, a kriging interpolation method, a ternary high-order function approximation method and the like).
4. And (3) accuracy judgment standard of the reconstructed temperature field: adopting a cross-validation method, sequentially deleting one point from the initially selected m temperature points, and marking as (x)j,yj,zj) The other temperature points are kept unchanged, the temperature field of the whole dam block is interpolated by using the remaining m-1 temperature points, and (x) is calculatedj,yj,zj) Temperature reconstruction value T ofj ※And an initial value TjComparing to obtain the absolute value difference value delta T of the twoj＝|Tj ※-TjAnd then deleting another point (which is not deleted) from all the initial temperature points, reconstructing a temperature field by using the residual temperature points, comparing the temperature field with the initial temperature value of the point, and repeating the steps until all the temperature points are compared once, thereby finally obtaining m delta TjCalculating the average difference value DeltaT※＝1/m∑ΔTj，(j＝1,2,3,…,m)，ΔT※The smaller the reconstructed temperature field is.
5. Continuously adjusting the number m of initial temperature points and the position (x) of the temperature pointj,yj,zj) To obtain the minimum Delta T※Obtaining the optimal hydraulic digital thermometer burying number m and the hydraulic digital thermometer burying position (x)j,yj,zj) The position of the hydraulic digital thermometer can form an embedded line of optical fibers, namely a point temperature measurement arrangement obtains a line temperature measurement arrangement.
(II) surface temperature measuring arrangement
As shown in fig. 2, surface temperature measurement mainly includes infrared temperature measurement: the infrared temperature measuring equipment is commonly used as an infrared thermal imager, and can be used in dam engineeringAnd monitoring the temperature of the upper and lower surfaces of the dam and the pouring surface. In actual installation, in order to reduce the influence of the temperature measurement precision of the thermal infrared imager, the installation distance (L) between the thermal infrared imager and the dam is required to be reduced1) Distance (L) to thermal imager itself2) Remain the same or less than the nominal distance, i.e. L1≤L2. And the number and the positions of the thermal imagers are reasonably arranged according to the relationship between the range of the dam and the monitoring range of the thermal infrared imagers.
The hydraulic digital thermometer comprises a temperature sensor, a temperature sensor lead, a first packaging tube, a second packaging tube and packaging materials, wherein the temperature sensor and a connecting end, connected with the temperature sensor, on the temperature sensor lead are packaged in the first packaging tube, the second packaging tube is packaged on the outer side of the first packaging tube, the second packaging tube surrounds the first packaging tube, a first packaging cavity is formed in the first packaging tube, a second packaging cavity is formed between the outer wall of the first packaging tube and the inner wall of the second packaging tube, and the packaging materials are packaged in the first packaging cavity and the second packaging cavity.
The invention has the advantages and effects that:
1. the invention combines point, line and surface temperature measurement modes for the first time, can not only monitor the internal and surface temperatures of the concrete dam continuously and automatically in real time, but also carry out temperature interpolation based on actually measured temperature data and reconstruct a two-dimensional and three-dimensional real temperature field of the concrete dam in real time, and has great significance.
2. The traditional method for arranging a point thermometer and a distributed optical fiber in a concrete dam by depending on experience is improved, and a scientific burying basis of a temperature monitoring instrument and a method for determining the temperature are provided.
3. The three temperature measurement modes have the advantages that the thermometer can be flexibly arranged in dam concrete, the temperature measurement optical fiber is resistant to electromagnetic interference, long in service life, high in sensitivity and precision, the thermal infrared imager is used for non-contact remote temperature measurement, and the like, the three are reasonably arranged, and therefore the point, line and surface temperatures of the dam universe can be efficiently, economically and accurately obtained.
Finally, it should also be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the device-like embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of methods, apparatus, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart and block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more computer-executable instructions for implementing the logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
Claims (6)
1. A global dam temperature setting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises a point temperature measurement arrangement, a line temperature measurement arrangement and a surface temperature measurement arrangement, wherein the real temperatures of points, lines and the surface of the dam in the dam concrete are obtained; wherein, the some temperature measurement is arranged to bury hydraulic digital thermometer underground in the dam, the some temperature measurement is arranged to include:
a. setting a dam block vertex coordinate as (x)i,yi,zi)，i＝1,2,3,4,…,n；
b. Within the dam block, randomly selecting m points (x)h,yh,zh) H is 1,2,3, …, m, and is given an initial temperature value ThThen obtaining the known temperature point information (x)h,yh,zh,Th)；
c. Interpolating to obtain a temperature field of the whole dam block by using the temperature data of the m temperature points and adopting a 3-dimensional spatial interpolation method;
d. and (3) accuracy judgment standard of the reconstructed temperature field: adopting a cross-validation method, sequentially deleting one point from the initially selected m temperature points, and marking as (x)j,yj,zj) The other temperature points are kept unchanged, the temperature field of the whole dam block is interpolated by using the remaining m-1 temperature points, and (x) is calculatedj,yj,zj) Temperature reconstruction value T ofj ※And an initial value TjComparing to obtain the absolute value difference value delta T of the twoj＝|Tj ※-TjAnd then deleting another point from all the initial temperature points, reconstructing a temperature field by using the residual temperature points, comparing the temperature field with the initial temperature value of the point, and repeating the steps until all the temperature points are compared once, thereby finally obtaining m delta TjCalculating the average difference value DeltaT※＝1/m∑ΔTjJ is 1,2,3, …, m; if Δ T※The smaller the reconstructed temperature field is, the more accurate the reconstructed temperature field is;
e、continuously adjusting the number m of initial temperature points and the position (x) of the temperature measuring pointh,yh,zh) To obtain the minimum Delta T※Obtaining the optimal hydraulic digital thermometer burying number m and the hydraulic digital thermometer burying position (x)h,yh,zh)。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the positions of the temperature measuring points form the buried lines of the optical fibers, namely the line temperature measuring arrangement is obtained by the point temperature measuring arrangement.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the surface temperature measurement comprises infrared temperature measurement, and an infrared thermal imager is adopted for monitoring the temperatures of the upper surface, the lower surface and the upper surface of the dam.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the dam block is any three-dimensional body.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the 3-dimensional spatial interpolation method comprises an inverse distance weighted interpolation method, a nearest neighbor interpolation method, a kriging interpolation method and a ternary high-order function approximation method.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein: mounting distance L between thermal infrared imager and dam1A calibrated distance L from the thermal imager2Satisfy L1≤L2。
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| CN110440950B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2020-11-03 | 湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院 | Large-volume concrete temperature monitoring visualization system and method based on optical fiber temperature measurement |
| CN112082673A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-15 | 清华大学 | Long-term wireless temperature measurement system of dam |
| CN113984245A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 湖南大学 | Method and system for detecting temperature and reconstructing temperature field of data center machine room |
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| JP2005344437A (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2005-12-15 | Okumura Corp | Concrete curing method |
| CN102829894B (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2014-05-07 | 中国长江三峡集团公司 | Movable real-time multipoint temperature acquisition device for dam |
| CN104809334A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-29 | 河海大学 | Calculating method of large-volume concrete cooling temperature field |
| CN106768432A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-05-31 | 南通四建集团有限公司 | A kind of mass concrete real time temperature monitoring, method for early warning based on BIM |
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