CN109952197A - 渗透物流动图型 - Google Patents

渗透物流动图型 Download PDF

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CN109952197A
CN109952197A CN201780068296.2A CN201780068296A CN109952197A CN 109952197 A CN109952197 A CN 109952197A CN 201780068296 A CN201780068296 A CN 201780068296A CN 109952197 A CN109952197 A CN 109952197A
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凯文·罗德里克
罗德尼·赫林顿
肯德尔·魏因加特
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Abstract

本发明的实施例提供了任意流动引导图型的集成，这些图型沉积或集成在位于螺旋卷绕膜分离元件中的多孔渗透物间隔件上或其中。

Description

渗透物流动图型
背景技术
技术领域本发明涉及一种用于分离流体成分的渗透膜***，具体地涉及螺旋卷绕膜渗透膜元件。本发明与于2013年2月28日提交的美国临时申请61/771,041以及PCT/IB2014/060705中描述的内容相关，这些专利通过援引并入本文。
相关技术说明
本领域公知的螺旋卷绕膜过滤元件由叠层结构组成，该叠层结构由密封到多孔渗透物间隔件上或其周围的膜片组成，形成了用于将通过膜的流体移除到中心管的路径，同时该叠层结构螺旋地缠绕在中心管周围并利用多孔进料间隔件与其自身间隔开，以允许流体轴向流过该元件。虽然这种进料间隔件对于维持叠层结构之间的开放且均匀的轴向流动是必要的，但它也是轴向流动通道内的流动限制和压降的来源，并且还存在流动限制的区域以及与膜接触的区域，这些区域通过生物生长、结垢和颗粒捕获而显著地促成膜污染。在压力延缓渗透(pressure retarded osmosis，PRO)、正向渗透(forward osmosis，FO)和反向渗透(reverse osmosis，RO)应用中，进料空间和渗透物间隔件中的流动路径有利于优化***运行。
Barger等人和Bradford等人已经披露了对螺旋卷绕元件设计的改进，其利用被直接沉积或压纹到膜的外表面或活性表面上的岛状物或突起物来代替进料间隔件。这种构型的优点在于其维持了通过元件的轴向流动的间隔，同时使流动通道内的阻塞最小化。它还去除了作为分离部件的多孔进料间隔件，从而简化了元件制造。题为“Improved SpiralWound Element Construction(改进的螺旋卷绕元件构造)”的通过援引并入本文的专利公开号US 2016-0008763-A1教导了将打印图型应用在膜片的活性表面的背侧上或直接应用在渗透物间隔件的表面上。
以下参考文献(其中每一个都通过援引并入本文)有助于理解本发明：US3962096、US 4476022、US 4756835、US 4834881、US 4855058、US 4902417、US 4861487、US 6632357、以及美国申请2016-0008763-A1。
发明内容
在涉及连续流过接连的元件的渗透物间隔件的一些螺旋卷绕膜分离应用中，比如在以上列出的PRO专利中，有利的是所具有的流动阻力比传统的编织渗透物间隔件织物展现出的流动阻力更低，同时在较高外部压力下维持包括变形阻力等其他特性。此外，能够在渗透物间隔件内定制任意形状的流动通道的能力可以允许通过渗透物间隔层的流动的可控分布。本发明的实施例提供了被打印、沉积或集成到多孔渗透物间隔件中以在渗透物间隔件中形成强制进料通道的特征。在附加的示例实施例中，形成通道的材料可以包括光聚合物、热熔聚烯烃、可固化聚合物或粘合剂或其他材料。
附图说明
图1示出了被打印到渗透物间隔网的间隙空间中的多种特征以及被打印到网内和网顶部上的特征的俯视图和侧视图。
图2是渗透物间隔件的间隙空间中的3D打印材料的截面视图，在相邻层之间具有传统的进料间隔件。
图3是3D打印材料的截面视图，该材料位于间隙空间中并突出于渗透物间隔件上方，其对膜片进行压纹以形成代替传统进料间隔件的流动通道。
图4是3D打印材料的截面视图，该材料位于间隙空间中并突出穿过位于两个进料间隔件夹片之间的渗透物间隔件，从而在相邻的渗透物间隔件之间产生更自由的流动路径，在相邻层之间具有传统的进料间隔件。
图5是3D打印材料的截面视图，该材料位于间隙空间中并突出于两个进料间隔件夹片之间的渗透物间隔件上方，从而在相邻的渗透物间隔件之间产生更自由的流动路径。与膜片相邻的突起物对膜进行压纹，以形成代替传统进料间隔件的流动通道。
图6是沉积在螺旋卷绕PRO膜元件内的渗透物间隔件的间隙空间中的流动控制特征的视图。
本发明的实施模式以及工业适用性
首先参考图1，单个沉积特征或多个沉积特征10(比如柱、岛状物、直的、弯曲的或成角度的线段或连续的线、或其他复杂的形状)可以被沉积到渗透物间隔网12的表面中16、或穿其而过或沉积到其上、或者被打印或以其他方式施加到渗透物间隔件的间隙空间中以在渗透物间隔件中形成任意流动路径14，或者可以在多孔渗透物间隔层的制造过程中被引入到渗透物间隔件中。在渗透物间隔件中形成的流动通道还可以包含突出于渗透物间隔件的表面上方的特征，以在渗透物间隔件18的顶部形成突起物。如图3所示，这样的突起物可以用于对与渗透物间隔件20相邻的膜片的表面进行压纹30，以利用相邻层的平底膜22而在膜与间隔件之间形成分隔。如图4所示，它们可以用于对通过渗透物载网的流动26进行引导，并且还可以用作渗透物间隔件的相邻堆叠片材之间的间隔件，以使得通过该渗透物间隔件堆叠层的流体流动40的阻力更低。此外，如图4和图5所示，可以通过将具有被打印在间隔件中、或透印或打印在其上的特征的一个层堆叠在具有被透印或打印在其上的特征的渗透物间隔层的顶部上以形成间隙空间42而产生更厚的双层渗透物间隔件，从而使得通过渗透物间隔件之间的这些空间的流动比通过渗透物隔物网本身的流动自由得多。
参考图6，在螺旋卷绕PRO元件的一些设计中，包含流动分离器62的中心管60有助于液流从入口流68穿过入口孔70流到渗透物间隔网中。所打印的特征用于对通过渗透物间隔件的流动进行引导和调节，以便在返回的渗透物流通过中心管64中的出口孔返回并加入来自中心管66的出口流之前对渗透物间隔件内的液体与横流进料之间的流动和质量传递进行优化。在使用由一层上的凸起特征所分离的两层间隔网的情况下，这些层之间的空间将形成低流动阻力的路径，并且因而形成了沿着这些通路降低的压降，同时仍然允许足够的通过渗透物间隔件到膜表面的流动来提供足够的质量传递。
在示例实施例中，沉积特征用于形成通过渗透物间隔件的任意流动路径，并且传统的进料间隔网用于使螺旋卷绕元件内的相邻层分离。
在示例实施例中，沉积特征用于形成通过渗透物间隔件的任意流动路径，并且压纹特征在盐水进料通道中形成空间，这些空间代替当前用于螺旋卷绕膜元件制作领域的进料间隔网材料。
在示例实施例中，两个渗透物间隔层彼此上下堆叠、而不是使用具有沉积特征的单个层，从而形成通过渗透物间隔件的任意流动路径，并且沉积在一层或两层上的突起物在层之间形成空间，该空间形成了比渗透物间隔件材料本身低得多的流体流动阻力，同时传统的进料间隔网用于使螺旋卷绕元件内的相邻层分离。
在示例实施例中，两层渗透物间隔件彼此上下堆叠、而不是使用具有沉积特征的单个层，从而形成通过渗透物间隔件的任意流动路径，并且沉积在一层或两层上的突起物在这些层之间形成空间，该空间形成了比渗透物间隔件材料本身低得多的流体流动阻力，同时压纹特征在盐水进料通道中形成了空间，其代替了当前用于螺旋卷绕膜元件制作领域的进料间隔网材料。
这些特征的高度和形状可以被构造成在渗透物间隔件内提供流动路径，并且为适合于在其各自的流型中自由流动的压纹特征或突出特征提供间隔。这些特征不需要是完全实心的，并且可以包含一定程度的渗透性，取决于所使用的打印材料和技术。一定的渗透量是可以接受的，因为制成这些图型来引导流动、而不需要使流动完全分离。在一些应用中，不会显著影响整体流动的少量的通过图型的流动或扩散是可以接受的。
本领域技术人员应理解，这些特征可以由与分离的流体和渗透物间隔件相容的多种材料(包括但不限于热塑性塑料、反应性聚合物、蜡或树脂)组成。此外，与分离的流体相容但不与渗透物间隔件的直接沉积物相容的材料(包括但不限于高温热塑性塑料、金属或陶瓷)可以预成型、铸造或切割成合适的尺寸，并且使用与渗透物间隔件相容的粘合剂粘附至渗透物间隔件的表面。
本领域技术人员应理解，这些特征可以通过多种技术进行沉积。传统的印刷技术(比如胶印、凹版印刷和丝网印刷)可能是合适的，尽管这些沉积技术可能具有厚度和几何形状的限制。较厚的特征可以通过微喷涂、喷墨印刷、熔融沉积或通过使用粘合剂进行涂敷来进行沉积，可以包括片材的辊式转移或单个特征的拾取和放置。
已经结合多种不同的示例实施例对本发明进行了描述。应当理解的是，以上描述仅仅是对本发明原理的应用的说明，其范围将由根据说明书所考虑的权利要求来确定。本发明的其他变型和修改对于本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的。

Claims (20)

1.一种被构造用于反渗透过滤器的渗透物间隔件，该渗透物间隔件包括：
第一网状材料片材，该第一网状材料片材具有分开一定厚度、在长度方向上延伸一定长度、并在宽度方向上延伸一定宽度的相反的第一面和第二面；其中，该第一片材具有网状渗透性；以及
一个或多个特征，该一个或多个特征所具有的特征渗透性小于该网状渗透性，其中，该一个或多个特征设置在网状材料内并从该第一面延伸至该第二面、并且被构造成使得该一个或多个特征当在反渗透过滤器中使用时在该第一片材内限定一个或多个流体流动通道。
2.如权利要求1所述的渗透物间隔件，被构造用于螺旋卷绕式反渗透过滤器，其中该片材沿其长度螺旋卷绕，其中，该一个或多个特征限定了沿该第一片材的长度的至少一部分延伸的一个或多个流体流动通道。
3.如权利要求1所述的渗透物间隔件，其中，该一个或多个特征限定了一个或多个流体流动通道，该一个或多个流体流动通道从宽度的第一区域开始、沿长度延伸一段距离、然后沿长度返回宽度的第二区域，其中该第一区域和该第二区域相对于该第一片材的长度处于基本上相同的位置。
4.如权利要求3所述的渗透物间隔件，其中，该第一区域在该第一片材的长度的第一端部处包括该第一片材的宽度的至少三分之一，并且该第二区域在该第一片材的长度的第一端部处包括该第一片材的宽度的至少三分之一，其中，该第一区域不同于该第二区域。
5.如权利要求1所述的渗透物间隔件，其中，该一个或多个特征中的至少一个特征背离该第一片材延伸超出该第一片材的第一面。
6.如权利要求5所述的渗透物间隔件，其中，该一个或多个特征中的至少一个特征背离该第一片材延伸超出该第一片材的第一面一段距离，该距离足以在该第一片材进行螺旋卷绕时提供进料流体间隔。
7.如权利要求5所述的渗透物间隔件，进一步包括第二渗透性网状材料片材，该片材被设置成靠近该第一片材的第一面，使得背离该第一片材延伸的该一个或多个特征将该第一片材与该第二片材间隔开。
8.如权利要求7所述的渗透物间隔件，其中，该第二片材包括一个或多个特征，该一个或多个特征所具有的渗透性低于该第二片材的渗透性，并且第二片材被设置在该第二片材的网状材料内、并且延伸超出该第二片材的面向该第一片材的面。
9.如权利要求7所述的渗透物间隔件，其中，该第二片材包括一个或多个特征，该一个或多个特征所具有的渗透性低于该第二片材的渗透性，并且第二片材被设置在该第二片材的网状材料内、并且延伸超出该第二片材的背对该第一片材的面。
10.如权利要求9所述的渗透物间隔件，其中，该第二片材中的一个或多个特征中的至少一个特征背离该第二片材延伸一段距离，该距离足以在该渗透物间隔件进行螺旋卷绕时提供进料流体间隔。
11.一种反渗透过滤器元件，包括如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的渗透物间隔件，该渗透物间隔件围绕中心流体流动通道进行螺旋卷绕。
12.一种制作渗透物间隔件的方法，该方法包括：
提供第一渗透性网状材料片材；
将一个或多个特征沉积到该第一片材中，其中，该第一片材中的特征提供比该第一片材的渗透性更低的渗透性，其中，该第一片材中的特征被沉积成使得它们限定了通过该第一片材的流体流动路径。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中，该第一片材中的特征延伸穿过该第一片材的整个厚度。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中，该第一片材中的特征延伸穿过该第一片材的整个厚度，并且在该第一片材的面的上方延伸一段距离。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中，该第一片材中的特征限定了沿着该第一片材的长度延伸的流体流动路径，其中该长度是当放置在反渗透过滤器中时螺旋卷绕的该第一片材的尺寸。
16.如权利要求12所述的制作渗透物间隔件的方法，该方法进一步包括：
提供第二渗透性网状材料片材；
将一个或多个特征沉积到该第二片材中，其中，该第二片材中的特征提供比该第二片材的渗透性更低的渗透性，其中，该第二片材中的特征被沉积成使得它们限定了通过该第二片材的流体流动路径；
通过将该第一片材放置成沿着其面与该第二片材接触来制作渗透物间隔件。
17.如权利要求16所述的制作渗透物间隔件的方法，其中，该第一片材中的特征延伸穿过该第一片材的整个厚度，并且在该第一片材的第一面的上方延伸一段距离；并且其中，该第一片材被放置成与该第二片材接触，该第一片材的第一面与该第二片材接触。
18.如权利要求17所述的制作渗透物间隔件的方法，其中，该第二片材中的特征延伸穿过该第二片材的整个厚度，并且在该第一片材的第二面的上方延伸一段距离；并且其中，该第一片材被放置成与该第二片材接触，该第一片材的第一面与该第二片材的第一面接触。
19.如权利要求17所述的制作渗透物间隔件的方法，其中，该第二片材中的特征延伸穿过该第二片材的整个厚度，并且在该第一片材的第二面的上方延伸一段距离；并且其中，该第一片材被放置成与该第二片材接触，该第一片材的第一面与该第二片材的第一面不接触。
20.一种制作反渗透过滤器的方法，该方法包括如权利要求12-18中任一项所述的制作渗透物间隔件，并且使该渗透物间隔件围绕中心流体流动通道进行螺旋卷绕。
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