CN109950050B - Preparation method of supercapacitor electrode material based on carbonized melamine foam @ Bi2O3 nanosheets - Google Patents
Preparation method of supercapacitor electrode material based on carbonized melamine foam @ Bi2O3 nanosheets Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based foam2O3The preparation method of the nanosheet supercapacitor electrode material comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on water-soluble bismuth salt and carbonized melamine foam; (2) removing residual solvent and Bi by using cleaning agent3+、NO3 ‑Obtaining an intermediate product; (3) annealing the intermediate product in an inert atmosphere to obtain the carbonized melamine foam @ Bi2O3The invention discloses a nanosheet supercapacitor electrode material, which is prepared by growing Bi in situ on carbonized melamine foam through a simple solvothermal method2O3The nano-sheet forms a three-dimensional core-sheath structure, the electrode material has good conductivity and high specific surface area, is beneficial to the storage of electrolyte, shortens the diffusion path of electrolyte ions, increases the contact area of the electrolyte and the material, and improves the capacitanceAnd the use of a binder and a conductive additive is avoided when the capacitor is constructed, the prepared material can be made into a flexible electrode, and the preparation method is simple, environment-friendly and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrode materials, in particular to a carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based electrode material2O3A preparation method of a nanosheet supercapacitor electrode material.
Background
With the rapid development of modern technologies, new-concept electronic products such as highly integrated, lightweight, portable, wearable, implantable and the like are emerging continuously. The emergence of intelligent electronic products urgently needs to develop a micro-nano energy storage device which is highly compatible with the intelligent electronic products to solve the power problem. Super capacitors are a new type of energy storage device, and have attracted much attention because they can make up the gap between batteries and conventional capacitors. In order to meet the huge demand of practical application, while maintaining high power density and long cycle life, it is imperative to develop a super capacitor with high energy density and high operating voltage. The super capacitor mainly comprises four parts, namely a current collector, an electrode, an electrolyte and a diaphragm, and the electrode material is generally considered as the most critical part in the super capacitor. Among a plurality of electrode materials, the porous carbon material is widely applied due to the characteristics of high specific surface area, rich pore channel structure, high conductivity, low cost, stable physicochemical property and the like. Melamine Foam (MF) has a three-dimensional structure with regular holes and high nitrogen content, and a three-dimensional nitrogen-doped porous carbon Foam material can be obtained through high-temperature carbonization. Even after carbonization, the porous structure can still keep good mechanical properties and can be used as an ideal carrier for synthesizing the electrode material of the supercapacitor.
Carbon materials generally have relatively low capacitance, and in the prior art, atoms are often doped to improve the capacitance, such as patent CN201810212762.6, but the electrochemical stability, the redox reversibility and the cycle stability are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based foam2O3Preparation of nanosheet supercapacitor electrode materialThe method has the advantages of good conductivity, stable electrochemical performance, high capacitance and simple preparation method.
The technical scheme for solving the problem is to provide carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based2O3The preparation method of the nanosheet supercapacitor electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the uniformly dispersed bismuth-containing compound solution and carbonized melamine foam; (2) removing residual solvent and Bi by using cleaning agent3+、NO3-Obtaining an intermediate product; (3) annealing the intermediate product in an inert atmosphere to obtain the carbonized melamine foam @ Bi2O3An electrode material of a nanosheet supercapacitor.
Preferably, the bismuth-containing compound is bismuth nitrate pentahydrate.
Preferably, the total volume of the carbonized melamine foam is 13.0X 2.5 cm3The reaction volume is 1X 0.2 cm3。
Preferably, the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 140-170 ℃, and the reaction time is 4-9 h.
Preferably, the annealing treatment conditions are as follows: the annealing temperature is 200 ℃ to 400 ℃, the annealing time is 1-3 h, and the heating rate is 2 ℃/min.
Preferably, the inert gas is argon.
Preferably, the cleaning agent is one or more of water, nitric acid, acetic acid, glycerol and acetone.
Preferably, the mass of the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is 0.97-2.0 g.
Bi2O3Is considered to be an important transition metal oxide with no harm, small toxicity, wide band gap, good ionic conductivity of the oxide and proper negative working window, and has higher theoretical specific capacity exceeding 1300 Fg-1Has the advantages of high electrochemical stability, high redox reversibility, high cycling stability and the like, so that the material is selected as a heterozygosis atom of the carbonized melamine foam, and Bi vertically grows on the surface of the carbonized melamine foam2O3Nanosheets, and being interconnected to each other so as to be in Bi2O3A channel is formed in the sheath layer,the channels form an open space, which is beneficial to storing electrolyte, shortening the diffusion path of electrolyte ions, increasing the contact area of the electrolyte and materials and improving the capacitance, and the reaction mechanism diagram is shown as the attached figure 8, in the process: the melamine foam is carbonized to become N-doped three-dimensional porous carbon foam, the carbonized melamine foam uniformly anchors the bismuth oxide nanosheets on a three-dimensional framework of the carbonized melamine foam through simple hydrothermal reaction due to the existence of N elements, and the bismuth oxide nanosheets and the N-doped three-dimensional carbon foam framework cooperatively form a three-dimensional interconnected conductive network structure, so that rapid electronic/ionic transmission is realized.
Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi of super capacitor manufactured by the invention2O3An electrode material, which exhibits good electrochemical performance, due to: (1) the carbonized melamine foam has the advantages of good chemical stability, rich porous structure, open pore channel, large specific surface area, good conductivity and the like, is very suitable for serving as an ideal carrier of transition metal oxide, and has good electron transfer capacity due to the large porosity of the carbonized melamine foam and a three-dimensional porous framework. (2) Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi synthesized by solvothermal method2O3The three-dimensional core-sheath structure of the nano-sheet is beneficial to storing electrolyte, shortening the diffusion path of electrolyte ions, and increasing the contact area between the electrolyte and the material, thereby improving the capacitance.
In the step (2), the unreacted Bi in the solution is removed by using a cleaning agent3+，NO3 -And ethanol and glycol solvent attached to the product to avoid influence on subsequent calcination, and drying after cleaning to obtain intermediate product.
Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based prepared by the scheme2O3The electrode material of the nanosheet supercapacitor provides a rapid channel for electron transmission, the porous structure provides a good mass transfer channel for reactants and products, active sites are in full contact with the reactants, the material structure is high in abundance and large in specific surface area, so that the material has good conductivity, the electrolyte can be stored, the diffusion path of electrolyte ions is shortened, and the electrolyte and the material are increasedThereby improving the capacitance.
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that Bi grows in situ on the carbonized melamine foam through a simple solvothermal method2O3The nano-sheet forms a three-dimensional core-sheath structure, the electrode material has good conductivity and high specific surface area, is beneficial to the storage of electrolyte, shortens the diffusion path of electrolyte ions, increases the contact area of the electrolyte and the material, thereby improving the capacitance, avoids the use of a binder and a conductive additive when constructing a capacitor, can be made into a flexible electrode, and has the advantages of simple preparation method, no environmental pollution and low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of the electrode material of CF prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is CF @ Bi prepared in example 12O3SEM images of electrode materials;
FIG. 3 is CF @ Bi prepared in example 12O3A TEM image of the electrode material;
FIG. 4 is CF @ Bi prepared in example 12O3XRD pattern of electrode material;
FIG. 5 is CF @ Bi prepared in example 12O3Raman mapping of the electrode material;
FIG. 6 is CF @ Bi prepared in example 12O3And cyclic voltammograms of the CF electrode material;
FIG. 7 is CF @ Bi prepared in example 12O3And a charge-discharge curve plot of the CF electrode material;
FIG. 8 in-situ growth of Bi on carbonized melamine foam2O3A mechanism diagram of the nano-sheet.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention and further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
(1) Samples of melamine foam (13.0X 2.5 cm)3) Mounted on a quartz boat and placed in a tube furnace. Before the pyrolysis step, the pyrolysis step is carried out,argon is introduced into the sample at room temperature for 10-30 min, the flow of the argon is 1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute, and the air in the tube is exhausted. The melamine foam is pyrolyzed for 1-2 h at the temperature of 600-800 ℃, the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min, the highest temperature is reached, and the temperature of the sample is slowly reduced to the room temperature after pyrolysis. The entire heating and cooling process was carried out under 500-1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute of continuous argon.
(2) 0.97 g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is weighed and dissolved in the mixed solution of ethanol and glycol, and the dispersion is obtained by stirring and dissolving.
(3) Cutting a small piece of the carbonized melamine foam obtained in the step (1), putting the small piece of the carbonized melamine foam into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, and pouring the uniform dispersion liquid obtained in the step (2) into the kettle to perform hydrothermal reaction. The hydrothermal reaction temperature is 160 ℃, and the reaction time is 5 h.
(4) And (4) cooling the sample in the step (3) to room temperature, taking out the sample, washing the sample with deionized water and ethanol for multiple times, removing ionic residues, and drying the sample.
(5) Putting the dried sample in the step (4) into a tube furnace, and annealing in argon atmosphere to obtain the Bi growing by taking the carbonized melamine foam as the substrate2O3Electrode material of nanosheet.
Example 2
(1) Samples of melamine foam (13.0X 2.5 cm)3) Mounted on a quartz boat and placed in a tube furnace. Before pyrolysis, argon is introduced into the sample at room temperature for 10-30 min, the flow of the argon is 1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute, and the air in the tube is exhausted. The melamine foam is pyrolyzed for 1-2 h at the temperature of 600-800 ℃, the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min, the highest temperature is reached, and the temperature of the sample is slowly raised to 25-40 ℃ after pyrolysis. The entire heating and cooling process was carried out under 500-1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute of continuous argon.
(2) 1.455 g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is weighed and dissolved in the mixed solution of ethanol and glycol, and the dispersion is obtained by stirring and dissolving.
(3) Cutting a small piece of the carbonized melamine foam obtained in the step (1), putting the small piece of the carbonized melamine foam into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, and pouring the uniform dispersion liquid obtained in the step (2) into the kettle to perform hydrothermal reaction. The hydrothermal reaction temperature is 160 ℃, and the reaction time is 5 h. .
(4) And (4) cooling the sample in the step (3) to room temperature, taking out the sample, washing the sample with deionized water and ethanol for multiple times, removing ionic residues, and drying the sample.
(5) Putting the dried sample in the step (4) into a tube furnace, and annealing in argon atmosphere to obtain Bi growing on the melamine foam as the substrate2O3Electrode material of nanosheet.
Example 3
(1) Samples of melamine foam (13.0X 2.5 cm)3) Mounted on a quartz boat and placed in a tube furnace. Before pyrolysis, argon is introduced into the sample at room temperature for 10-30 min, the flow of the argon is 1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute, and the air in the tube is exhausted. The melamine foam is pyrolyzed for 1-2 h at the temperature of 600-800 ℃, the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min, the highest temperature is reached, and the temperature of the sample is slowly raised to 25-40 ℃ after pyrolysis. The entire heating and cooling process was carried out under 500-1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute of continuous argon.
(2) 1.94 g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is weighed and dissolved in the mixed solution of ethanol and glycol, and the dispersion is obtained by stirring and dissolving.
(3) Cutting a small piece of the carbonized melamine foam obtained in the step (1), putting the small piece of the carbonized melamine foam into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, and pouring the uniform dispersion liquid obtained in the step (2) into the kettle to perform hydrothermal reaction. The hydrothermal reaction temperature is 160 ℃, and the reaction time is 5 h.
(4) And (4) cooling the sample in the step (3) to room temperature, taking out the sample, washing the sample with deionized water and ethanol for multiple times, removing ionic residues, and drying the sample.
(5) Putting the dried sample in the step (4) into a tube furnace, and annealing in argon atmosphere to obtain the Bi growing by taking the carbonized melamine foam as the substrate2O3Electrode material of nanosheet.
Example 4
(1) A sample of melamine foam (13.0X 2).5×2.5 cm3) Mounted on a quartz boat and placed in a tube furnace. Before pyrolysis, argon is introduced into the sample at room temperature for 10-30 min, the flow of the argon is 1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute, and the air in the tube is exhausted. The melamine foam is pyrolyzed for 1-2 h at the temperature of 600-800 ℃, the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min, the highest temperature is reached, and the temperature of the sample is slowly raised to 25-40 ℃ after pyrolysis. The entire heating and cooling process was carried out under 500-1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute of continuous argon.
(2) 0.97 g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is weighed and dissolved in the mixed solution of ethanol and glycol, and the dispersion is obtained by stirring and dissolving.
(3) Cutting a small piece of the carbonized melamine foam obtained in the step (1), putting the small piece of the carbonized melamine foam into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, and pouring the uniform dispersion liquid obtained in the step (2) into the kettle to perform hydrothermal reaction. The hydrothermal reaction temperature is 160 ℃, and the reaction time is 7 h.
(4) And (4) cooling the sample in the step (3) to room temperature, taking out the sample, washing the sample with deionized water and ethanol for multiple times, removing ionic residues, and drying the sample.
(5) Putting the dried sample in the step (4) into a tube furnace, and annealing in argon atmosphere to obtain the Bi growing by taking the carbonized melamine foam as the substrate2O3Electrode material of nanosheet.
Example 5
(1) Samples of melamine foam (13.0X 2.5 cm)3) Mounted on a quartz boat and placed in a tube furnace. Before pyrolysis, argon is introduced into the sample at room temperature for 10-30 min, the flow of the argon is 1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute, and the air in the tube is exhausted. The melamine foam is pyrolyzed for 1-2 h at the temperature of 600-800 ℃, the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min, the highest temperature is reached, and the temperature of the sample is slowly raised to 25-40 ℃ after pyrolysis. The entire heating and cooling process was carried out under 500-1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute of continuous argon.
(2) 0.97 g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is weighed and dissolved in the mixed solution of ethanol and glycol, and the dispersion is obtained by stirring and dissolving.
(3) Cutting a small piece of the carbonized melamine foam obtained in the step (1), putting the small piece of the carbonized melamine foam into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, and pouring the uniform dispersion liquid obtained in the step (2) into the kettle to perform hydrothermal reaction. The hydrothermal reaction temperature is 160 ℃, and the reaction time is 9 h.
(4) And (4) cooling the sample in the step (3) to room temperature, taking out the sample, washing the sample with deionized water and ethanol for multiple times, removing ionic residues, and drying the sample.
(5) Putting the dried sample in the step (4) into a tube furnace, and annealing in argon atmosphere to obtain the Bi growing by taking the carbonized melamine foam as the substrate2O3Electrode material of nanosheet.
Example 6
(1) Samples of melamine foam (13.0X 2.5 cm)3) Mounted on a quartz boat and placed in a tube furnace. Before pyrolysis, argon is introduced into the sample at room temperature for 10-30 min, the flow of the argon is 1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute, and the air in the tube is exhausted. The melamine foam is pyrolyzed for 1-2 h at 900 ℃, the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min, the highest temperature is reached, and the temperature of the sample is slowly raised to 25-40 ℃ after pyrolysis. The entire heating and cooling process was carried out under 500-1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute of continuous argon.
(2) 0.97 g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is weighed and dissolved in the mixed solution of ethanol and glycol, and the dispersion is obtained by stirring and dissolving.
(3) Cutting a small piece of the carbonized melamine foam obtained in the step (1), putting the small piece of the carbonized melamine foam into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, and pouring the uniform dispersion liquid obtained in the step (2) into the kettle to perform hydrothermal reaction. The hydrothermal reaction temperature is 170 ℃, and the reaction time is 5 h.
(4) And (4) cooling the sample in the step (3) to room temperature, taking out the sample, washing the sample with deionized water and ethanol for multiple times, removing ionic residues, and drying the sample.
(5) Putting the dried sample in the step (4) into a tube furnace, and annealing in argon atmosphere to obtain the Bi growing by taking the carbonized melamine foam as the substrate2O3Electrode material of nanosheet.
Example 7
(1) Samples of melamine foam (13.0X 2.5 cm)3) Mounted on a quartz boat and placed in a tube furnace. Before pyrolysis, argon is introduced into the sample at room temperature for 10-30 min, the flow of the argon is 1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute, and the air in the tube is exhausted. The melamine foam is pyrolyzed for 1-2 h at 900 ℃, the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min, the highest temperature is reached, and the temperature of the sample is slowly raised to 25-40 ℃ after pyrolysis. The entire heating and cooling process was carried out under 500-1000 standard cubic centimeters per minute of continuous argon.
(2) 0.97 g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is weighed and dissolved in the mixed solution of ethanol and glycol, and the dispersion is obtained by stirring and dissolving.
(3) Cutting a small piece of the carbonized melamine foam obtained in the step (1), putting the small piece of the carbonized melamine foam into a polytetrafluoroethylene hydrothermal reaction kettle, and pouring the uniform dispersion liquid obtained in the step (2) into the kettle to perform hydrothermal reaction. The hydrothermal reaction temperature is 170 ℃, and the reaction time is 7 h.
(4) And (4) cooling the sample in the step (3) to room temperature, taking out the sample, washing the sample with deionized water and ethanol for multiple times, removing ionic residues, and drying the sample.
(5) Putting the dried sample in the step (4) into a tube furnace, and annealing in argon atmosphere to obtain the Bi growing by taking the carbonized melamine foam as the substrate2O3Electrode material of nanosheet.
The prepared electrode material is subjected to electrochemical performance test and characterization:
FIG. 1 shows the microstructure of the carbonized melamine foam prepared in example 1, wherein the carbonized melamine foam has a three-dimensional interconnected network structure with smooth and flat surface, and the interconnected structure is favorable for the migration of electrolyte and Bi2O3The nanosheets grow uniformly on the carbonized melamine foam skeleton.
As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, in example 1, bismuth nitrate was decomposed into Bi by simple solvent heat treatment2O3Nano-sheets are uniformly grown on the carbonized melamine foam framework and assembledForming a porous structure without obvious stacking and overlapping.
Measurement of CF @ Bi by X-ray diffraction (XRD)2O3The results are shown in FIG. 4. In addition to one diffraction peak from CF, four diffraction peaks corresponding to the (111), (200), (220) and (311) crystal planes of CF @ Bi2O3 at 2 θ values of 28 °, 32.4 °, 46.5 °, and 55.1 ° can be well directed to CF @ Bi2O3Cubic phase (JCPDS, No. 27-0052).
CF@Bi2O3The Raman spectrum of (A) is shown in FIG. 5, and it can be observed from FIG. 4 at 305 cm except for the D peak and the G peak due to CF-1Is treated with Bi2O3Characteristic peak of (2). Both FIGS. 4 and 5 demonstrate that pure Bi is present in CF2O3Is present.
The electrochemical test is carried out in a three-electrode system, and the working electrode is carbonized melamine foam and carbonized melamine foam @ Bi2O3The reference electrode is a mercury/mercury oxide electrode, the counter electrode is a platinum wire, the electrolyte is a 1M KOH solution, and the capacitance performance of the sample is tested by a cyclic voltammetry method and a constant current charge-discharge method.
From FIG. 6, it can be seen that the carbonized melamine foam and the carbonized melamine foam @ Bi prepared in example 1, respectively2O3Cyclic voltammetry tests were performed as working electrodes of a three-electrode system in 1M KOH electrolyte as the working electrode. Panel A shows carbonized melamine foam @ Bi2O3Cyclic voltammograms at different scan rates. Between the-0.95 to 0 v potential window, a definite series of Bi was observed2O3Following the faraday reaction equation, the characteristic redox peaks of (a) are shown below:
carbonization of melamine foam @ Bi with increasing scan rate2O3The electrodes showed good capacitive behavior and high rate performance with the CV curve remaining good. In addition, the current is loudIt should increase with the increase of the scanning speed, and at the scanning speed of 80 mv/s, a remarkable oxidation reduction peak can be observed, and the displacement is small, thereby showing better stability. Panel B shows carbonized melamine foam and carbonized melamine foam @ Bi2O3The sweep rate of the cyclic voltammogram of the electrode over a potential window of-0.95 to 0 v was 5 mv/s. The curve has a significant pseudocapacitance characteristic with a pair of well-defined redox peaks, indicating that the capacitance characteristic is controlled by the faradaic redox reaction, which is very different from the CV curve of carbonized melamine foam. Indicating carbonized melamine foam @ Bi2O3The current density of the electrode is much higher than that of the original carbonized melamine foam, which shows that the capacitance of the composite electrode is mainly from Bi2O3The pseudocapacitive material of (1).
From FIG. 7, it can be seen that the carbonized melamine foam and the carbonized melamine foam @ Bi prepared in example 1, respectively2O3Is used as a working electrode, and is used as a working electrode of a three-electrode system in a 1M KOH electrolyte for carrying out constant current charge and discharge tests. FIG. 5A shows carbonized melamine foam @ Bi at different current densities2O3Constant current charge and discharge curve of the electrode. The charge-discharge curve plateau is well matched with the oxidation-reduction peak in the CV curve. When the current density is 1 mA/cm2-10 mA/cm2When the surface capacitance is reduced from 951.3 to 434.7 mF/cm2. Panel B shows carbonized melamine foam and carbonized melamine foam @ Bi2O3Constant current charging and discharging curve of the electrode on a potential window of-0.95 to 0 v, the current density is 1 mA/cm2. From the figure it can be seen that the carbonized melamine foam @ Bi2O3The capacitance of the electrode is much higher than the original carbonized melamine foam.
Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi of super capacitor manufactured by the invention2O3An electrode material, which exhibits good electrochemical performance, due to: (1) the carbonized melamine foam has the advantages of good chemical stability, rich porous structure, open pore channel, large specific surface area, good conductivity and the like, is very suitable for serving as an ideal carrier of transition metal oxide, and is carbonized and trimerizedThe cyanamide foam has high porosity and three-dimensional porous skeleton with excellent electron transfer capacity. (2) Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi synthesized by solvothermal method2O3The three-dimensional core-sheath structure of the nano-sheet is beneficial to storing electrolyte, shortening the diffusion path of electrolyte ions, and increasing the contact area between the electrolyte and the material, thereby improving the capacitance.
The above mentioned matters are not related, and all the matters are applicable to the prior art. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based2O3The preparation method of the nanosheet supercapacitor electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on water-soluble bismuth salt and carbonized melamine foam; (2) removing residual solvent and Bi by using cleaning agent3+、NO3 -Obtaining an intermediate product; (3) annealing the intermediate product in an inert atmosphere to obtain the carbonized melamine foam @ Bi2O3An electrode material of a nanosheet supercapacitor.
2. Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based material according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the nanosheet supercapacitor electrode material is characterized in that the water-soluble bismuth salt is bismuth nitrate pentahydrate.
3. Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based material according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the nanosheet supercapacitor electrode material is characterized in that the total volume of the carbonized melamine foam is 13.0 multiplied by 2.5 cm3The reaction volume is 1X 0.2 cm3。
4. Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based material according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the nanosheet supercapacitor electrode material is characterized in that the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 140-170 ℃, and the reaction time is 4-9 h.
5. Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based material according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the nanosheet supercapacitor electrode material is characterized in that the annealing treatment conditions are as follows: the annealing temperature is 200 ℃ to 400 ℃, the annealing time is 1-3 h, and the heating rate is 2 ℃/min.
6. Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based material according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the electrode material of the nanosheet supercapacitor is characterized in that the inert atmosphere is one or at least two of argon, neon and nitrogen.
7. Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based material according to claim 12O3The preparation method of the nanosheet supercapacitor electrode material is characterized in that the cleaning agent is one or more of water, nitric acid, acetic acid, glycerol and acetone.
8. Carbonized melamine foam @ Bi-based material according to claim 22O3The preparation method of the nanosheet supercapacitor electrode material is characterized in that the mass of the bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is 0.97-2.0 g.
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