CN109943714B - Smelting process and smelting system of vanadium titano-magnetite - Google Patents
Smelting process and smelting system of vanadium titano-magnetite Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium vanadium Chemical compound [Ti].[V] GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metavanadate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][V](=O)=O CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting process and a smelting system of vanadium titano-magnetite, wherein the process comprises the steps of firstly mixing and granulating powdery vanadium titano-magnetite, semi-coke powder and a binder to obtain particles; pre-reducing the particulate matters to obtain pre-reduced particulate matters; and finally, spraying semi-coke powder and oxygen-enriched air into the pre-reduced particles, performing electric arc smelting until a molten pool is formed, and performing molten pool smelting by utilizing combustion of the semi-coke powder to obtain titanium slag and vanadium-containing molten iron. The process realizes metal comprehensive smelting, adopts the mutual coordination of arc smelting and bath smelting to selectively reduce and enrich vanadium and titanium in vanadium titano-magnetite, reduces high-valence iron oxide into iron, and carries out carbon matching to regulate and control the reduction of iron and vanadium in the arc smelting process so as to achieve the purposes of accurate reduction and selective reduction, so that vanadium and titanium in the vanadium titano-magnetite are fully recycled, and the problem of low recycling rate of titanium in the process of smelting the vanadium titano-magnetite in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of iron ore smelting, and particularly relates to a smelting process and a smelting system of vanadium titano-magnetite.
Background
The Panzhihua region has very rich vanadium titano-magnetite resources, and the ore belongs to high titanium type vanadium titano-magnetite, and has the advantages that the blast furnace smelting technology is greatly different from that of common ores due to the fact that the high titanium type vanadium titano-magnetite contains high TiO 2, the phenomena of slag over-reduction, viscosity increase, slag-iron separation difficulty, high iron loss and the like easily occur in the smelting process, and the smelting technical index of the blast furnace is seriously influenced.
At present, the traditional industrial treatment process of vanadium titano-magnetite at home and abroad mainly adopts a sodium treatment vanadium extraction-rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting process. Enterprises for treating vanadium titano-magnetite by the process include south Africa Heweil iron and Steel company, new Zealand iron and Steel company, etc. The process comprises the steps of uniformly mixing vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate and sodium salt, pelletizing, oxidizing and roasting in a rotary kiln to convert vanadium oxide in the vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate into soluble sodium vanadate in the roasting process, and leaching the sodium vanadate into water to separate vanadium from iron and titanium. The immersed residual balls are sent into a rotary kiln for reduction, and the reduction products are sent into an electric furnace for melting to obtain molten iron and titanium slag, so that the separation of titanium and iron is realized.
In the technology, the content of titanium in the vanadium titano-magnetite reaches about 30% in the electric furnace slag by using TiO 2, and the high content can cause the viscosity increase of the electric furnace slag, so that the separation of molten iron and titanium slag is difficult. Therefore, the recycling rate of titanium in the vanadium titano-magnetite in the above technology needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to solve the defect of low recycling rate of titanium in the existing vanadium titano-magnetite smelting technology, and further provides a vanadium titano-magnetite smelting technology and a smelting system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the smelting process of the vanadium titano-magnetite provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
Mixing and granulating powdery vanadium titano-magnetite, semi-coke powder and a binder to obtain particles;
pre-reducing the particulate matters to obtain pre-reduced particulate matters;
spraying semi-coke powder and oxygen-enriched air into the pre-reduced particles, performing arc smelting until a molten pool is formed, and performing molten pool smelting by utilizing combustion of the semi-coke powder to obtain titanium slag and vanadium-containing molten iron.
Further, the mass ratio of the powdery vanadium titano-magnetite, the semi-coke powder and the binder in the particulate matters is (4-5): 2: (2-4);
the pre-reduction temperature is 1000-1200 ℃ and the pre-reduction time is 120-240 min.
Further, the binder is at least one of clay, kaolin, attapulgite, bentonite and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose;
the carbon content of the semi coke powder is 70-80wt%.
Further, before the pre-reduction, the method further comprises the step of drying the particulate matter at 95-110 ℃ for 0.5-1.5h to a water content of <2 wt%.
Further, when the semi-coke powder is added into the pre-reduced particulate matter, the mass ratio of the pre-reduced particulate matter to the semi-coke powder is (4-5): 2;
the smelting temperature of the molten pool is 1400-1550 ℃.
Further, the method also comprises the step of adding limestone into the pre-reduced particles, wherein the mass ratio of the limestone to the powdery vanadium titano-magnetite is (1-2): 5, a step of;
The diameter of the particles is 6-14mm;
the oxygen-enriched air refers to the oxygen with the volume fraction of more than 25 percent.
Further, the method also comprises the steps of feeding the vanadium-containing molten iron into a converter to extract vanadium in the converter, and separating to obtain vanadium slag and molten iron; the molten iron is cooled to become slag iron.
The method also comprises the steps of feeding titanium slag into an enrichment furnace for enrichment to obtain hot slag and enriched titanium slag, wherein the hot slag is used for preparing artificial cast stone, and the enriched titanium slag is used for producing titanium products;
the method also comprises the steps of recovering high-temperature flue gas in the electric arc smelting, the molten pool smelting, the converter and the enrichment furnace, and sending the high-temperature flue gas into the electric arc smelting and the molten pool smelting to be used as supplementary heat, or sequentially carrying out heat recovery, sedimentation, dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification on the high-temperature flue gas and then evacuating.
In addition, the invention also provides a smelting system of vanadium titano-magnetite, which comprises a pre-reduction device and a melting-deep reduction system which are sequentially communicated, wherein the melting-deep reduction system comprises a molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace, the molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace comprises,
The furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover arranged at the top end of the furnace body, wherein when the furnace cover is in a closed state, a sealed inner cavity is formed in the furnace body, and the lower part of the furnace body comprises an inverted cone and a spherical segment which are sequentially communicated and arranged along the direction away from the top end of the furnace body, and the inverted cone and the spherical segment form a molten pool suitable for smelting materials in the inverted cone and the spherical segment;
The electrode is arranged on the furnace cover, and the discharge end of the electrode is far away from the furnace cover and stretches into the furnace body.
Further, the upper part of the melting bath smelting-electric arc furnace is provided with a reducing material inlet, the lower part is provided with a vanadium-containing molten iron outlet, the bottom is provided with a titanium slag outlet, and the top end is provided with a second gas outlet;
The pre-reduction device is a rotary kiln, a vanadium-titanium magnet inlet, a reduction material outlet and a first gas outlet are respectively arranged on the rotary kiln, and the reduction material outlet is communicated with the reduction material inlet.
Further, the melting-deep reduction system also comprises a converter, wherein the upper part of the converter is respectively provided with a vanadium-containing molten iron inlet and a third gas outlet, the lower part of the converter is respectively provided with a vanadium slag outlet and a semisteel outlet, and the vanadium-containing molten iron inlet is communicated with the vanadium-containing molten iron outlet;
the smelting system further comprises an enrichment furnace, wherein the enrichment furnace is communicated with the titanium slag discharge port so as to enrich the titanium slag through the enrichment furnace and separate hot slag and enriched titanium slag.
Further, the method also comprises the steps of,
The gas recovery system comprises a waste heat boiler and a sedimentation device which are sequentially communicated, wherein the waste heat boiler is respectively communicated with a first gas outlet, a second gas outlet and a third gas outlet so as to recover and sediment high-temperature flue gas generated in the melting bath smelting-arc furnace, the converter and the enrichment furnace;
The dust removing device is communicated with the sedimentation device to remove dust on metal oxides in the high-temperature flue gas;
and the desulfurization and denitrification device is communicated with the dust removal device so as to carry out desulfurization and denitrification treatment on the high-temperature flue gas after dust removal treatment.
Further, the waste heat boiler comprises a first waste heat boiler, a second waste heat boiler and a third waste heat boiler, wherein the first waste heat boiler is communicated with a first gas outlet, the second waste heat boiler is communicated with a second gas outlet, and the third waste heat boiler is communicated with a third gas outlet;
The sedimentation device comprises a first sedimentation device, a second sedimentation device and a third sedimentation device, wherein the first sedimentation device is communicated with the first waste heat boiler, the second sedimentation device is communicated with the second waste heat boiler, and the third sedimentation device is communicated with the third waste heat boiler;
The dust collector comprises a first dust collector, a second dust collector and a third dust collector, wherein the first dust collector is communicated with the first sedimentation device, the second dust collector is communicated with the second sedimentation device, and the third dust collector is communicated with the third sedimentation device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the smelting process of vanadium titano-magnetite, powder vanadium titano-magnetite, semi-coke powder and a binder are mixed and granulated to obtain particles; pre-reducing the particulate matters to obtain pre-reduced particulate matters; and finally, spraying semi-coke powder and oxygen-enriched air into the pre-reduced particles, performing electric arc smelting until a molten pool is formed, and performing molten pool smelting by utilizing combustion of the semi-coke powder to obtain titanium slag and vanadium-containing molten iron. The process realizes metal comprehensive smelting, adopts the mutual coordination of arc smelting and bath smelting to selectively reduce and enrich vanadium and titanium in vanadium titano-magnetite, reduces high-valence iron oxide into iron, and carries out carbon matching in the arc smelting process to regulate and control the reduction of iron and vanadium so as to achieve the purposes of accurate reduction and selective reduction, so that vanadium and titanium in the vanadium titano-magnetite are fully recycled, and the problem of low recycling rate of titanium in the process of smelting the vanadium titano-magnetite in the prior art is solved. The whole process flow has the advantages of simple structure, energy conservation, consumption reduction and environmental protection.
(2) According to the smelting process of vanadium titano-magnetite, provided by the invention, the mass ratio of powdery vanadium titano-magnetite, semi-coke powder and binder in the particulate matters and the pre-reduction temperature and time are controlled, so that the subsequent arc smelting is facilitated, and the selective reduction and enrichment effects of vanadium and titanium can be improved. By adding limestone with specific mass into the pre-reduced particulate matter, slag-iron separation is facilitated. By controlling the temperature of the arc smelting in a mild molten pool, tiC, tiN and other high-melting-point substances can be prevented from being generated.
(3) The smelting system of vanadium titano-magnetite provided by the invention comprises a pre-reduction device and a melting-deep reduction system which are sequentially communicated, wherein the melting-deep reduction system comprises a molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace, the molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover arranged at the top end of the furnace body, when the furnace cover is in a closed state, a sealed inner cavity is formed in the furnace body, the lower part of the furnace body comprises an inverted frustum and a spherical segment which are sequentially communicated, and the inverted frustum and the spherical segment form a molten pool suitable for smelting materials in the molten pool; the electrode is arranged on the furnace cover, and the discharge end of the electrode is far away from the furnace cover and stretches into the furnace body. The smelting system forms a multi-connected furnace group system through the pre-reduction device and the melting-deep reduction system, realizes the step-by-step operation of the material smelting process, can comprehensively carry out innocent treatment on metal-containing resources, effectively recovers various metal elements, and simultaneously has wide material range, continuous and stable furnace condition and greatly reduces the energy consumption cost.
(4) The energy structure of the melting pool smelting electric arc furnace system is more flexible, and the system can be used for more electricity and less semi-coke (coal) in areas with sufficient electric energy; in areas with insufficient electric energy, oxygen and semi-coke (coal) can be sprayed more as energy sources, and less electricity is used.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a smelting process of vanadium titano-magnetite in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a smelting system of vanadium titano-magnetite in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bath smelting-electric arc furnace in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a drying device; 2-a pre-reduction device; 3-bath smelting-arc furnace; 4-a converter; 5-enrichment furnace; 6-a waste heat boiler; 6-1-a first waste heat boiler; 6-2-a second waste heat boiler; 6-3-third waste heat boiler; 6-4-fourth waste heat boiler; 7-a dust removal device; 8-desulfurization and denitrification device.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a smelting process of vanadium titano-magnetite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing 1000kg of vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate (components: TFe 51.56%, tiO 2 12.73％,V2O5 0.564.564%), 400kg of semi-coke powder (with carbon content of 75 wt%) with water content of less than 10wt% and 600kg of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, granulating to obtain pellet-shaped granules with diameter of 10mm, and drying in a dryer at 100deg.C for 1 hr to make water content of granules <2wt%;
(2) Uniformly spreading the dried particles at the bottom of a rotary kiln through a distributor, wherein the thickness is 4cm, heating to 1100 ℃ through burning of semi-coke powder, reducing for 200min, and the metallization rate of the particles reaches more than 70% after pre-reduction;
(3) Spraying semi-coke powder and limestone powder into the pre-reduced particles, wherein the mass ratio of the pre-reduced particles to the semi-coke powder is 4.5:2, the mass ratio of the limestone to the powdery vanadium titano-magnetite is 1.5:5, adding the molten metal into a melting-deep reduction system through a feed inlet, wherein the temperature of the metallized furnace charge when entering a molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace is 800 ℃, spraying oxygen-enriched air (the volume fraction of oxygen is more than 25 percent), carrying out electric arc smelting by adopting electrode heat release at first until a molten pool is formed, lifting the electrode, then providing heat by using combustion heat release of semi-coke powder, controlling the temperature in the molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace to be 1500 ℃, carrying out molten pool smelting, wherein one part of semi-coke powder is used as an exothermic agent to burn to provide heat, the other part is used as a reducing agent to reduce Fe and V in iron concentrate, and Ti is not reduced to enter slag, so that high-temperature 50 titanium slag and vanadium-containing molten iron are obtained;
(4) Feeding the vanadium-containing molten iron into a converter to extract vanadium from the converter, introducing oxygen at 1300 ℃, oxidizing the vanadium into slag, separating to obtain vanadium slag and molten iron, and cooling the molten iron to obtain slag iron (namely semisteel); the titanium content in the high-temperature 50 titanium slag is 47.63wt%, at this time, the high-temperature 50 titanium slag directly enters a supergravity enrichment furnace, titanium is enriched in the supergravity enrichment furnace, so that 70 titanium slag is generated, the rest of hot slag is directly used for manufacturing artificial cast stones, and the artificial cast stones are used for preparing the antibacterial purification dazzle crystal plate;
(5) In the smelting process, high-temperature flue gas in the electric arc smelting, the molten pool smelting, the converter and the hypergravity enrichment furnace is recovered, the high-temperature flue gas is CO gas at 1600 ℃, and the high-temperature flue gas is sent into the electric arc smelting and the molten pool smelting to be used as complementary heat to melt iron concentrate for recycling. Through tests, the recovery rate of titanium in the vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate is over 99.5 percent, the recovery rate of iron is over 99.0 percent, and the recovery rate of vanadium is over 99.7 percent.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a smelting process of vanadium titano-magnetite, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing 800kg of vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate (components: TFe 51.56%, tiO 2 12.73％,V2O5 0.564.564%), 400kg of semi-coke powder (with carbon content of 75 wt%) with water content of less than 10wt% and 400kg of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, granulating to obtain pellet-shaped granules with diameter of 6mm, and drying in a dryer at 95 ℃ for 1.5h to make the water content of the granules less than 2wt%;
(2) Uniformly spreading the dried particles at the bottom of a rotary kiln through a distributor, wherein the thickness is 5cm, heating to 1000 ℃ through burning of semi-coke powder, reducing for 240min, and the metallization rate of the particles reaches more than 70% after pre-reduction;
(3) Spraying semi-coke powder and limestone powder into the pre-reduced particles, wherein the mass ratio of the pre-reduced particles to the semi-coke powder is 4:2, the mass ratio of the limestone to the powdery vanadium titano-magnetite is 2:5, adding the molten metal into a melting-deep reduction system through a feed inlet, when the metallized furnace charge enters a molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace, spraying oxygen-enriched air (the volume fraction of oxygen is more than 25 percent), carrying out electric arc smelting by adopting electrode heat release at first until a molten pool is formed, lifting the electrode, then using the combustion heat release of semi-coke powder to provide heat, controlling the temperature in the molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace to be 1400 ℃ for carrying out molten pool smelting, wherein one part of semi-coke powder is used as an exothermic agent to provide heat, the other part is used as a reducing agent to reduce Fe and V in iron concentrate, and Ti is not reduced into slag, thus obtaining high-temperature 50 titanium slag and vanadium-containing molten iron;
(4) Feeding the vanadium-containing molten iron into a converter to extract vanadium from the converter, introducing oxygen at 1450 ℃, oxidizing the vanadium into slag, separating to obtain vanadium slag and molten iron, and cooling the molten iron to obtain slag iron (namely semisteel); at the moment, the high-temperature 50 titanium slag directly enters a hypergravity enrichment furnace, titanium is enriched in the hypergravity enrichment furnace, so that 70 titanium slag is generated, and the rest hot slag is directly used for manufacturing artificial cast stones;
(5) In the smelting process, high-temperature flue gas in electric arc smelting, molten pool smelting, a converter and a hypergravity enrichment furnace is recovered, and the high-temperature flue gas is subjected to heat recovery, sedimentation, dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification and then is emptied. Through tests, the recovery rate of titanium in the vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate is over 99.5 percent, the recovery rate of iron is over 99.0 percent, and the recovery rate of vanadium is over 99.7 percent.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a smelting process of vanadium titano-magnetite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing 900kg of vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate (components: TFe 51.56%, tiO 2 12.73％,V2O5 0.564.564%), 400kg of semi-coke powder (with carbon content of 75 wt%) with water content of less than 10wt% and 800kg of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, granulating to obtain pellet-shaped granules with diameter of 14mm, and drying at 110deg.C in a dryer for 0.5 hr to make water content of the granules less than 2wt%;
(2) Uniformly spreading the dried particles at the bottom of a rotary kiln through a distributor, wherein the thickness is 3cm, heating to 1200 ℃ through burning of semi-coke powder, reducing for 120min, and the metallization rate of the particles reaches more than 70% after pre-reduction is finished;
(3) Spraying semi-coke powder and limestone powder into the pre-reduced particles, wherein the mass ratio of the pre-reduced particles to the semi-coke powder is 5:2, the mass ratio of the limestone to the powdery vanadium titano-magnetite is 1:5, adding the molten metal into a melting-deep reduction system through a feed inlet, wherein the temperature of the metallized furnace charge when entering a molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace is 800 ℃, spraying oxygen-enriched air (the volume fraction of oxygen is more than 25 percent), carrying out electric arc smelting by adopting electrode heat release at first until a molten pool is formed, lifting the electrode, then providing heat by using combustion heat release of semi-coke powder, controlling the temperature in the molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace to be 1550 ℃, carrying out molten pool smelting, wherein one part of semi-coke powder is used as an exothermic agent to burn to provide heat, the other part is used as a reducing agent to reduce Fe and V in iron concentrate, and Ti is not reduced to enter slag, so that high-temperature 50 titanium slag and vanadium-containing molten iron are obtained;
(4) Feeding the vanadium-containing molten iron into a converter to extract vanadium from the converter, introducing oxygen at 1200 ℃, oxidizing the vanadium into slag, separating to obtain vanadium slag and molten iron, and cooling the molten iron to obtain slag iron (namely semisteel); directly feeding the high-temperature 50 titanium slag into a hypergravity enrichment furnace, enriching titanium in the hypergravity enrichment furnace, thereby generating 70 titanium slag, and directly using the rest hot slag for manufacturing artificial cast stone;
(5) In the smelting process, high-temperature flue gas in electric arc smelting, molten pool smelting, a converter and a hypergravity enrichment furnace is recovered, and the high-temperature flue gas is subjected to heat recovery, sedimentation, dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification and then is emptied. Through tests, the recovery rate of titanium in the vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate is over 99.5 percent, the recovery rate of iron is over 99.0 percent, and the recovery rate of vanadium is over 99.7 percent.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a smelting system of vanadium titano-magnetite, as shown in fig. 2, comprising a drying device 1, a pre-reduction device 2 and a melting-deep reduction system which are sequentially communicated, for example, the drying device 1 is a dryer, the pre-reduction device 2 is a rotary kiln, the melting-deep reduction system comprises a molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace 3, the molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace 3 comprises,
The furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover arranged at the top end of the furnace body, wherein when the furnace cover is in a closed state, a sealed inner cavity is formed in the furnace body, and the lower part of the furnace body comprises an inverted cone and a spherical segment which are sequentially communicated, so that a molten pool suitable for smelting materials in the inverted cone and the spherical segment is formed; specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the length ratio of the radius of curvature R of the segment to the width D of the large opening end of the back taper is (1.5-1.8): 1, the length ratio of the height h 2 of the segment to the width D of the large opening end of the back taper is (0.15-0.2): 1, and the length ratio of the height h 2 of the segment to the height h 1 of the back taper is 1: (4-6) so arranged as to enhance the melting effect of the metal charge in the bath smelting-electric arc furnace 3, and finally to facilitate the improvement of the metal separation effect;
the electrode is arranged on the furnace cover, and the discharge end of the electrode is far away from the furnace cover and stretches into the furnace body.
In the device, a multi-connected furnace group system is formed through the pre-reduction device 2 and the melting-deep reduction system, so that the step-by-step operation of the material smelting process is realized, the metal-containing resource can be subjected to harmless treatment in an omnibearing manner, various metal elements are effectively recovered, and meanwhile, the material produced by the system has a wide range, the furnace condition is continuous and stable, and the energy consumption cost is greatly reduced.
Further, the upper part of the melting bath smelting-electric arc furnace 3 is provided with a reducing material inlet, the lower part is provided with a vanadium-containing molten iron outlet, the bottom is provided with a titanium slag outlet, and the top end is provided with a second gas outlet;
the rotary kiln is provided with a vanadium-titanium magnet inlet, a reducing material outlet and a first gas outlet respectively, and the reducing material outlet is communicated with the reducing material inlet.
Further, the melting-deep reduction system also comprises a converter 4, wherein the upper part of the converter 4 is respectively provided with a vanadium-containing molten iron inlet and a third gas outlet, the lower part of the converter 4 is respectively provided with a vanadium slag outlet and a semisteel outlet, and the vanadium-containing molten iron inlet is communicated with the vanadium-containing molten iron outlet;
The smelting system also comprises an enrichment furnace 5, wherein the enrichment furnace 5 is communicated with the titanium slag discharge port so as to enrich the titanium slag through the enrichment furnace 5 and separate hot slag and enriched titanium slag.
More specifically, the bottom of the side wall of the furnace body is provided with at least one first inlet for introducing hot gas into the furnace body, each first inlet is connected with an air inlet pipe, and each air inlet pipe is connected with a heat supplementing device; the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a first outlet for discharging liquid and a second outlet for discharging slag; the first outlet is connected with a liquid outlet pipe, and the second outlet is connected with a slag discharge pipe; the third outlet is used for guiding out the flue gas and is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body, and is connected with an exhaust pipe which is connected with an exhaust device; the furnace cover is provided with a feed inlet, and the feed inlet is provided with a sealing cover.
Preferably, the liquid outlet pipe is flush with the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the furnace body, and the first outlet is positioned below the second outlet.
Further, the system also comprises a gas recovery system, which comprises a waste heat boiler 6 and a sedimentation device which are sequentially communicated, wherein the waste heat boiler 6 is respectively communicated with a first gas outlet, a second gas outlet and a third gas outlet so as to recover and sediment high-temperature flue gas generated in the melting-arc furnace 3, the converter 4 and the enrichment furnace 5 of the molten pool;
The dust removing device 7 is communicated with the sedimentation device to remove dust on metal oxides in the high-temperature flue gas;
And the desulfurization and denitrification device 8 is communicated with the dust removal device to carry out desulfurization and denitrification treatment on the high-temperature flue gas after dust removal treatment.
Preferably, the waste heat boiler comprises a first waste heat boiler 6-1, a second waste heat boiler 6-2 and a third waste heat boiler 6-3, wherein the first waste heat boiler 6-1 is communicated with the first gas outlet, the second waste heat boiler 6-2 is communicated with the second gas outlet, and the third waste heat boiler 6-3 is communicated with the third gas outlet;
The sedimentation device comprises a first sedimentation device, a second sedimentation device and a third sedimentation device, wherein the first sedimentation device is communicated with the first waste heat boiler 6-1, the second sedimentation device is communicated with the second waste heat boiler 6-2, and the third sedimentation device is communicated with the third waste heat boiler 6-3;
The dust removing device 7 comprises a first dust removing device, a second dust removing device and a third dust removing device, wherein the first dust removing device is communicated with the first sedimentation device, the second dust removing device is communicated with the second sedimentation device, and the third dust removing device is communicated with the third sedimentation device.
Further, the method also comprises a crusher, a mixer and a dryer which are connected in sequence, so as to crush, mix and dry the vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate.
The device has strong regulation and control capability, controllable furnace atmosphere and molten pool characteristics, and can control the reaction while realizing the selective reaction; the stirring with large kinetic energy optimizes the conditions of mass transfer, heat transfer and transmission, and has high production efficiency, high energy efficiency and low cost; the method has the advantages that the vanadium titano-magnetite is processed in a targeted manner, so that high-grade enrichment of titanium is realized, and the recovery rate is high; the semi-coke (low-cost fuel), oxygen and electric energy are used as main energy sources, so that the purposes of energy conservation, consumption reduction and high efficiency are achieved; the produced slag can meet the conditions of directly preparing the artificial cast stone raw material, can completely realize slag-free treatment, and achieves the maximum utilization of resources of changing waste into valuable.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A smelting process of vanadium titano-magnetite comprises the following steps:
Mixing and granulating powdery vanadium titano-magnetite, semi-coke powder and a binder to obtain granules, wherein the mass ratio of the powdery vanadium titano-magnetite to the semi-coke powder to the binder in the granules is (4-5): 2: (2-4);
pre-reducing the particulate matters to obtain pre-reduced particulate matters;
Spraying semi-coke powder and oxygen-enriched air into the pre-reduced particulate matters, performing arc smelting until a molten pool is formed, and performing molten pool smelting by utilizing combustion of the semi-coke powder to obtain titanium slag and vanadium-containing molten iron, wherein the smelting temperature of the molten pool is 1400-1550 ℃, and when the semi-coke powder is added into the pre-reduced particulate matters, the mass ratio of the pre-reduced particulate matters to the semi-coke powder is (4-5): 2.
2. The smelting process according to claim 1, wherein the pre-reduction is performed at a temperature of 1000 to 1200 ℃ for 120 to 240 minutes.
3. The smelting process according to claim 2, further comprising a step of adding limestone to the pre-reduced particulate matter, the mass ratio of the limestone to the powdery vanadium titano-magnetite being (1-2): 5, a step of;
The diameter of the particles is 6-14mm;
the oxygen-enriched air refers to the oxygen with the volume fraction of more than 25 percent.
4. A smelting process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising feeding the vanadium-containing molten iron into a converter for converter vanadium extraction, and separating to obtain vanadium slag and molten iron;
the method also comprises the steps of feeding titanium slag into an enrichment furnace for enrichment to obtain hot slag and enriched titanium slag, wherein the hot slag is used for preparing artificial cast stone, and the enriched titanium slag is used for producing titanium products;
the method also comprises the steps of recovering high-temperature flue gas in the electric arc smelting, the molten pool smelting, the converter and the enrichment furnace, and sending the high-temperature flue gas into the electric arc smelting and the molten pool smelting to be used as supplementary heat, or sequentially carrying out heat recovery, sedimentation, dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification on the high-temperature flue gas and then evacuating.
5. A smelting system of vanadium titano-magnetite is characterized by comprising a pre-reduction device and a melting-deep reduction system which are sequentially communicated, wherein the melting-deep reduction system comprises a molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace, the molten pool smelting-electric arc furnace comprises,
The furnace body and set up in the bell on top of furnace body, when the bell is in closed condition, the inside sealed inner chamber that forms of furnace body, and along in the direction of keeping away from the top of furnace body, the lower part of furnace body is including the back taper platform and the ball of intercommunication setting in proper order lack of body, back taper platform and ball lack of body form and are suitable for the molten bath that the material was smelted wherein, the length ratio of the radius of curvature R of ball lack of body and the width D of back taper platform big end is (1.5-1.8): 1, and the length ratio of the height h 2 of ball lack of body and the width D of back taper platform big end is (0.15-0.2): 1, and the length ratio of the height h 2 of ball lack of body to the height h 1 of back taper platform is 1: (4-6);
The electrode is arranged on the furnace cover, and the discharge end of the electrode is far away from the furnace cover and stretches into the furnace body.
6. The smelting system according to claim 5, wherein the upper part of the bath smelting-arc furnace is provided with a reducing material inlet, the lower part is provided with a vanadium-containing molten iron outlet, the bottom is provided with a titanium slag outlet, and the top end is provided with a second gas outlet;
The pre-reduction device is a rotary kiln, a vanadium-titanium magnet inlet, a reduction material outlet and a first gas outlet are respectively arranged on the rotary kiln, and the reduction material outlet is communicated with the reduction material inlet.
7. The smelting system according to claim 6, wherein the melting-deep reduction system further comprises a converter, wherein a vanadium-containing molten iron inlet and a third gas outlet are respectively arranged at the upper part of the converter, a vanadium slag outlet and a semisteel outlet are respectively arranged at the lower part of the converter, and the vanadium-containing molten iron inlet is communicated with the vanadium-containing molten iron outlet;
the smelting system further comprises an enrichment furnace, wherein the enrichment furnace is communicated with the titanium slag discharge port so as to enrich the titanium slag through the enrichment furnace and separate hot slag and enriched titanium slag.
8. The smelting system of claim 7, further comprising,
The gas recovery system comprises a waste heat boiler and a sedimentation device which are sequentially communicated, wherein the waste heat boiler is respectively communicated with a first gas outlet, a second gas outlet and a third gas outlet so as to recover and sediment high-temperature flue gas generated in the melting bath smelting-arc furnace, the converter and the enrichment furnace;
The dust removing device is communicated with the sedimentation device to remove dust on metal oxides in the high-temperature flue gas;
and the desulfurization and denitrification device is communicated with the dust removal device so as to carry out desulfurization and denitrification treatment on the high-temperature flue gas after dust removal treatment.
9. The smelting system of claim 8, wherein the waste heat boiler comprises a first waste heat boiler, a second waste heat boiler, and a third waste heat boiler, the first waste heat boiler being in communication with a first gas outlet, the second waste heat boiler being in communication with a second gas outlet, the third waste heat boiler being in communication with the third gas outlet;
The sedimentation device comprises a first sedimentation device, a second sedimentation device and a third sedimentation device, wherein the first sedimentation device is communicated with the first waste heat boiler, the second sedimentation device is communicated with the second waste heat boiler, and the third sedimentation device is communicated with the third waste heat boiler;
The dust collector comprises a first dust collector, a second dust collector and a third dust collector, wherein the first dust collector is communicated with the first sedimentation device, the second dust collector is communicated with the second sedimentation device, and the third dust collector is communicated with the third sedimentation device.
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