CN109935965B - Integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna - Google Patents
Integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN109935965B CN109935965B CN201910283181.6A CN201910283181A CN109935965B CN 109935965 B CN109935965 B CN 109935965B CN 201910283181 A CN201910283181 A CN 201910283181A CN 109935965 B CN109935965 B CN 109935965B
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna, which comprises an upper dielectric plate, a lower dielectric plate and a spacing dielectric plate arranged between the upper dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate; the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate is printed with a first copper-clad layer, a window-shaped gap is etched on the first copper-clad layer, the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate is printed with a feed microstrip line, and the feed microstrip line at least partially extends to the lower part of the window-shaped gap; the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate is printed with circular metal patches which are periodically arranged, the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate is printed with a second copper-clad layer, and each circular metal patch is provided with a metal via hole penetrating through the lower dielectric plate, and the metal via hole is connected with the second copper-clad layer. The invention can overcome the defects of complex structure, weak electromagnetic shielding performance and the like of the existing dual-polarized antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna.
Background
Microstrip antennas are one of the resonant antennas, and the biggest disadvantage is the narrow impedance bandwidth, which is contrary to the requirement of 5G communication, so that the increase of impedance bandwidth is a trend, and ultra-wideband antennas have become a research hotspot. To date, many bandwidth widening methods are available, and are basically completed by using simulation software and numerical calculation methods. The more common methods for widening the bandwidth are: monopole antennas change patch shape, floor slotting, loading impedance matching networks, fractal designs, etc. The antennas are all planar structures, compared with the original three-dimensional structure, the antenna has ultra-wide bandwidth, the size of the antenna is reduced, and the miniaturization and the low profile of the antenna are realized. However, in the millimeter wave band, the common microstrip cannot reach the ultra-wideband technical standard due to excessive loss, in the Waveguide microstrip antenna, the loss of the antenna based on SIW (Substrate integrated Waveguide ) is still large in millimeter wave, and the GW (Gap Waveguide) and PRGW both have the problem of too high processing cost.
In recent years, integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW) transmission lines have been proposed, which are implemented based on a multi-layer PCB, and are classified into two structures, i.e., a ridged integrated substrate gap waveguide and a microstrip integrated substrate gap waveguide. The integrated substrate gap waveguide with the ridge is generally composed of two layers of PCBs, the outer side surface of the upper layer of PCBs is fully coated with copper to form an ideal electric conductor (PEC), the lower layer of PCBs is printed with a microstrip line, the microstrip line is provided with a series of metallized through holes and is connected with the lower metal ground to form a ridge-like structure, and two sides of the microstrip line are provided with periodic mushroom structures to form an ideal magnetic conductor (PMC). Since a mushroom-type EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap, electromagnetic field bandgap) structure is formed between the PEC and the PMC, electromagnetic waves (quasi-TEM waves) can only propagate along the microstrip line, but since the microstrip ridge and the mushroom-type EBG structure in the ridged integrated substrate gap waveguide are on the same layer of PCB board, the microstrip ridge is limited by the mushroom-type EBG structure, which is inconvenient to route, and has limitation in practical application.
The microstrip integrated substrate gap waveguide is composed of three layers of PCB boards. The outer side of the upper layer PCB is fully covered with copper to form PEC, the inner side is printed with microstrip lines, mushroom type EBG structures which are periodically arranged are fully printed on the bottom layer PCB to form PMC, and a blank dielectric plate is inserted between the upper layer and the bottom layer to separate the upper layer PCB from the bottom layer PCB. The microstrip line is flexible in layout due to the partition of the blank dielectric plate, and is not worried about being limited by a periodic structure. When the integrated substrate gap waveguide works, quasi-TEM waves can propagate along the microstrip line in the medium substrate between the microstrip line and the PEC, and the working mode is quite similar to that of the microstrip line buried by the medium. However, as such, the mushroom EBG structure between PEC and PMC prevents propagation of waves in other directions, and it is difficult to ensure propagation of quasi-TEM waves along the microstrip line.
Therefore, the ultra-wideband antenna with the two structures has the defects of complex structure, weak electromagnetic shielding performance and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing the integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna, which can overcome the defects of complex structure, weak electromagnetic shielding performance and the like of the existing ultra-wideband antenna.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: providing an integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna, comprising an upper dielectric plate (1), a lower dielectric plate (3) and a spacing dielectric plate (2) arranged between the upper dielectric plate (1) and the lower dielectric plate (3); the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate (1) is printed with a first copper-clad layer (11), a window-shaped gap (12) is etched on the first copper-clad layer (11), the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate (1) is printed with a feed microstrip line (13), and the feed microstrip line (13) at least partially extends to the lower part of the window-shaped gap (12); the upper surface of lower floor's dielectric plate (3) prints circular metal paster (31) of periodic arrangement, the lower surface of lower floor's dielectric plate (3) is printed and is had second copper-clad layer (32), is equipped with metal via hole (33) of penetrating lower floor's dielectric plate (3) on each circular metal paster (31), metal via hole (33) are connected with second copper-clad layer (32).
Preferably, the feed microstrip line (13) comprises a 50Ohm microstrip line (131), a quarter wavelength impedance converter (132) and a square metal patch (133) which are sequentially connected, and the square metal patch (133) extends to the lower part of the window-shaped gap (12).
Preferably, the quarter wave impedance converter (132) is stepped in width.
Preferably, the upper dielectric plate (1), the lower dielectric plate (3) and the spacing dielectric plate (2) are bonded together.
Preferably, the window-shaped slit (12) is arched.
Preferably, the window-shaped slit (12) is rectangular.
Preferably, the ratio of the bottom edge to the height or the ratio of the length to the width of the window-shaped gap (12) is 1:1.
preferably, the upper dielectric plate (1), the spacing dielectric plate (2) and the lower dielectric plate (3) are respectively formed by Rogers5880 plates with the thicknesses of 0.508mm, 0.254mm and 0.787mm.
Unlike the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW) antenna is formed by adopting three dielectric plates, a window-shaped gap is etched on a copper-clad layer of an upper dielectric plate, and a feed microstrip line which is positioned on the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate and extends to the lower part of the window-shaped gap is adopted to excite the window-shaped gap to generate polarized radiation, so that the defects of complex structure, weak electromagnetic shielding performance and the like of the existing ultra-wideband antenna can be overcome, and the Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW) antenna has the advantages of simple structure, excellent isolation performance, strong electromagnetic shielding performance, easiness in processing, easiness in integration with other planar circuits, ultra-wideband and the like, and can be used as an antenna of a 5G and other millimeter wave communication systems.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of an upper dielectric plate of the integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a bottom schematic view of an upper dielectric plate of the integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the lower dielectric plate of the integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a bottom schematic view of the lower dielectric plate of the integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of return loss, group delay and gain of the integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna shown in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, an integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna of an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper dielectric plate 1, a lower dielectric plate 3, and a spacing dielectric plate 2 disposed between the upper dielectric plate 1 and the lower dielectric plate 3.
The upper surface of the upper dielectric plate 1 is printed with a first copper-clad layer 11, a window-shaped gap 12 is etched on the first copper-clad layer 11, the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate 1 is printed with a feed microstrip line 13, and the feed microstrip line 13 at least partially extends to the lower part of the window-shaped gap 12.
The upper surface of the lower dielectric plate 3 is printed with circular metal patches 31 which are periodically arranged, the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 3 is printed with a second copper-clad layer 32, each circular metal patch 31 is provided with a metal via hole 33 penetrating through the lower dielectric plate 3, and the metal via holes 33 are connected with the second copper-clad layer 32. Each circular metal patch 31 forms a mushroom-type EBG structure together with the metal via holes 33 thereon, so that a periodically arranged mushroom-type EBG structure is formed on the lower dielectric plate 3.
In the present embodiment, the feeding microstrip line 13 includes a 50Ohm microstrip line 131, a quarter wavelength impedance converter 132, and a square metal patch 133 connected in this order, the square metal patch 133 extending below the window slot 12, and the quarter wavelength impedance converter 132 extending at least partially below the window slot 12. By this arrangement, the characteristic impedance of the 50Ohm microstrip line 131 can be matched with the load impedance of the square metal patch 133. In particular arrangements, the quarter wave impedance transformer 132 may be stepped in width, that is, the width of the quarter wave impedance transformer 132 is stepped. Likewise, the widths of the 50Ohm microstrip line 131 and the quarter wave impedance transformer 132 may also be stepped.
The upper dielectric plate 1, the spacer dielectric plate 2, the lower dielectric plate 3, the first copper-clad layer 11, the feeding microstrip line 13, the mushroom-type EBG structure arranged periodically, and the second copper-clad layer 32 constitute an integrated substrate gap waveguide structure. The feeding microstrip line 13 on the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate 1 excites the window slot 12 to generate radiation, the feeding microstrip line 13 is transformed into a square metal patch 133 with larger load impedance through impedance conversion to generate more radiation, when the aspect ratio value of the window slot 12 is comparable, the window slot is a wide slot, the length and width of the slot are taken as the resonant electrical length (about three-half wavelength), and the size of the square metal patch 133 and the distance from the edge of the square metal patch 133 to the slot are adjusted, so that the return loss change is larger. The wide-slit antenna can realize wider bandwidth, thereby realizing ultra-wideband performance, the relative impedance bandwidth exceeds 40%, and the group delay is within 0.5 nm.
In this embodiment, the window slot 12 is arched or rectangular, if the window slot 12 is arched, no vertex is present at the arc edge of the window slot 12, so that the situation that the surface current of the antenna radiation slot is locally unevenly distributed can be improved, if the window slot 12 is rectangular, the current will be suddenly changed or reflected at the vertex, which will cause the resistance and reactance thereof to also fluctuate, thereby affecting the antenna performance.
In practical applications, in order to obtain a desired operating frequency band, the sizes of the circular metal patches 31 and the metal vias 33 in the mushroom-shaped EBG structure and the period of the mushroom-shaped EBG structure that are periodically arranged need to be appropriately selected so that the stop band of the mushroom-shaped EBG structure is adapted to the electromagnetic wave frequency band propagated by the integrated substrate gap waveguide. For example, in one specific application, the EBG structure does not fill the lower dielectric sheet 3, but includes only 4 circular metal patches 31, that is, only 4 mushroom-type EBG structures, within the range where the upper surface of the lower dielectric sheet 3 faces the window-shaped slit 12.
The spacer dielectric plate 2 functions to form a gap between the upper dielectric plate 1 and the lower dielectric plate 3, and the upper dielectric plate 1, the lower dielectric plate 3 and the spacer dielectric plate 2 may be bonded together.
In order to explain the broadband dual polarized antenna of the present embodiment in detail, a specific example is given below. In this specific example, the bottom edge to height ratio or length to width ratio of the window slit 12 on the upper dielectric sheet 1 is 1:1, the mushroom-type EBG structure of the lower dielectric plate 3 is a 6×7 array, and two mushroom-type EBG structures are removed under the square patch 133 in order to reduce coupling. The upper dielectric plate 1, the spacing dielectric plate 2 and the lower dielectric plate 3 are respectively formed by Rogers5880 plates with the thicknesses of 0.508mm, 0.254mm and 0.787mm. The test result is obtained through simulation and test, as shown in fig. 6, the test result shows that the-10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 27-40 GHz (the relative impedance bandwidth is 38.8%), the gain is about 10dBi at 32GHz, and the isolation degree is more than 20 dB.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna is characterized by comprising an upper dielectric plate (1), a lower dielectric plate (3) and a spacing dielectric plate (2) arranged between the upper dielectric plate (1) and the lower dielectric plate (3); the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate (1) is printed with a first copper-clad layer (11), a window-shaped gap (12) is etched on the first copper-clad layer (11), the window-shaped gap (12) is arched, no vertex exists at the arched arc edge, the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate (1) is printed with a feed microstrip line (13), and the feed microstrip line (13) at least partially extends to the lower part of the window-shaped gap (12); the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate (3) is printed with circular metal patches (31) which are periodically arranged, the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate (3) is printed with a second copper-clad layer (32), each circular metal patch (31) is provided with a metal via hole (33) penetrating through the lower dielectric plate (3), and the metal via holes (33) are connected with the second copper-clad layer (32); the feed microstrip line (13) comprises a 50Ohm microstrip line (131), a quarter wavelength impedance converter (132) and square metal patches (133) which are sequentially connected, wherein the square metal patches (133) extend to the lower side of the window-shaped gap (12), and the positions of the two circular metal patches (31) and corresponding metal through holes (33) are removed from the lower dielectric plate (3) right below the square metal patches (133).
2. The integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein the quarter wave impedance converter (132) is stepped in width.
3. The integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein the upper dielectric plate (1), the lower dielectric plate (3) and the spacer dielectric plate (2) are bonded together.
4. The integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein the ratio of bottom edge to height of the window-shaped slot (12) is 1:1.
5. the integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna of claim 3, wherein the upper dielectric plate (1), the spacing dielectric plate (2) and the lower dielectric plate (3) are respectively formed by Rogers5880 plates with thicknesses of 0.508mm, 0.254mm and 0.787mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910283181.6A CN109935965B (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2019-04-10 | Integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna |
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| CN201910283181.6A CN109935965B (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2019-04-10 | Integrated substrate gap waveguide ultra-wideband antenna |
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| CN109935965B true CN109935965B (en) | 2024-01-26 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110690557A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-01-14 | 北京交通大学 | Broadband low-profile millimeter wave antenna |
| CN112928476A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-08 | 南阳师范学院 | 5G millimeter wave antenna based on SIGW |
| CN113871850B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2023-01-20 | 北京邮电大学 | Ridge gap waveguide feed microwave millimeter wave dual-frequency broadband super-surface antenna |
| CN113964512B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-08-26 | 云南大学 | Three-frequency integrated substrate gap waveguide cavity filtering antenna |
| CN114122697B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-06-02 | 长沙驰芯半导体科技有限公司 | Ceramic chip antenna for ultra-wideband system |
| CN114300839B (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2023-03-14 | 云南大学 | Integrated substrate gap waveguide broadband antenna |
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| US7061442B1 (en) * | 2005-02-05 | 2006-06-13 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Ultra-wideband antenna |
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| US7061442B1 (en) * | 2005-02-05 | 2006-06-13 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Ultra-wideband antenna |
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