CN109933930B - Method for determining bottom protection range of spur dike of inland waterway - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining a bottom protection range of a spur dike of an inland waterway, which comprises the following steps: determining the channel width b of the renovation river reach according to the channel renovation planning target of the renovation river reach; designing the arrangement mode and the structural size of the spur dike; determining the width B' from the dam root of the spur dike to the wall of the opposite side fairway slot according to the actually measured topographic map of the renovation river reach; determining the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike according to the channel design target of the renovation river reach; wherein the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike is represented by a change value of flow before and after a project; establishing a mathematical model of the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike, and determining parameters of the mathematical model; and substituting the determined parameter values B, B' and K, C, m into the mathematical model to obtain the bottom protection width B of the spur dike. The method of the invention reasonably determines the width of the bottom protection, reduces the general ineffective scouring range of the dam head of the spur dike, increases the effective scouring efficiency of the spur dike on the fairway, and leads the fairway to have better improvement effect after the engineering action.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for renovating an inland waterway, in particular to a method for determining a bottom protection range of a spur dike of the inland waterway.
Background
At present, the spur dike is widely applied to channel renovation and used for restraining water and attacking sand, increasing the water flow velocity in the dry period of a shoal and scouring a navigation channel. For a sandy or pebble riverbed which can be flushed by the riverbed, the increase value of the longitudinal flow speed between the edge of the channel adjacent to the dam and the dam head is large, so that the general flushing amplitude is large, and then the flow suction effect after the formation of the local flushing pit near the dam head is added, the single-width flow between the edge of the channel adjacent to the dam and the dam head is obviously greater than the fixed bed condition, the increase value of the channel flow speed under the fixed bed condition is obviously reduced, and the efficiency of water-restraining and sand attacking is reduced. In order to resist the effect reduction, the width of the treatment line is narrowed to further compress the river width so as to obtain the necessary flow velocity increase value in the navigation channel, but larger local scouring pits and deeper general ineffective scouring from the edge of the navigation channel dam to the dam head are brought, and the engineering effect can still not reach the standard. For sandy gravel riverbeds in mountainous areas or small and sandy rivers, the design target can be achieved by narrowing the width of the remediation line at present, but for large rivers, due to the limitation of external conditions, the ideal flow rate increase value target is difficult to achieve by the method of narrowing the width of the remediation line.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining the bottom protection range of a spur dike of an inland waterway, which aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems in the prior art is as follows: a method for determining a bottom protection range of a spur dike of an inland waterway comprises the following steps:
step one, determining the channel width b of a renovation river reach according to a channel renovation planning target of the renovation river reach;
designing the arrangement mode and the structural size of the spur dike;
determining the width B' from the dam root of the spur dike to the wall of the opposite side navigation channel according to the actually measured topographic map of the renovation river reach;
determining a target value of effective scouring efficiency of the spur dike according to a channel design target of the renovation river reach; the effective scour efficiency K of the spur dike is represented by a change value of flow before and after a project, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in equation 1:
△q 1 the single-width flow value of the air channel is increased after the spur dike is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
△q 2 the single-width flow value of the air channel is increased after the spur dike is implemented under the moving bed condition;
step five, establishing a mathematical model of the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike, wherein the mathematical model is as follows:
in equation 2:
k is effective scouring efficiency of the spur dike;
b is the bottom protection width of the spur dike;
b' is the width from the dam root of the spur dike to the wall of the opposite side navigation channel;
b is the width of the air groove;
c is a coefficient;
m is an index;
establishing a fixed bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model and a moving bed local scouring physical model of the renovated river reach, and obtaining test data of the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike under the condition that the values of the spur dike bottom protection width B are different, so as to determine a coefficient C and an index m;
and step seven, substituting the parameter values B, B', K, C, m determined in the steps one to six into a formula 2 to obtain the bottom protection width B of the spur dike.
Further, in the fifth step, a mathematical model of the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike is established based on a dimensional analysis principle.
Further, the sixth step specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
step I, expanding a formula 1 according to a relational expression of the channel flow, the channel average water depth and the channel average flow velocity to obtain a formula 3 and a formula 4:
Δq 1 ＝H 1 V 1 -H 0 V 0 ≈H 0 (V 1 -V 0 )＝H 0 ·ΔV 1 (formula 3)
Δq 2 ＝H 2 V 2 -H 0 V 0 ＝(H 0 +ΔH 2 )V 2 -H 0 V 0 ＝H 0 V 2 -ΔH 2 V 2 -H 0 V 0
＝H 0 ·ΔV 2 -ΔH 2 ·V 2 (formula 4)
Equation 5 is derived from equation 3 and equation 4:
in equations 3 to 5:
H 0 the average water depth of a navigation channel before the spur dike is implemented;
V 0 respectively carrying out average flow velocity of a front navigation channel for the spur dike;
H 1 the average water depth of the navigation channel after the spur dike is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
V 1 the average flow velocity of the air channel after the spur dike is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
H 2 the average water depth of the navigation channel after the spur dike is implemented under the condition of moving bed;
V 2 the average flow velocity of the navigation channel after the spur dike is implemented under the condition of a moving bed;
△V 1 the flow velocity increase value of the air channel after the spur dike is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
△V 2 the flow velocity increment value of the navigation channel after the spur dike is implemented under the condition of a moving bed;
△H 2 the value of the increase of the average water depth of the air channel after the spur dike is implemented under the condition of moving bed;
step II, establishing a fixed bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model and a moving bed local scouring physical model of the renovating river reach, and obtaining H when the value of the bottom protection width B of the spur dike is different 0 、V 0 、H 1 、V 1 、H 2、 V 2 、△V 1 、△V 2 The effective scour efficiency K value of the spur dike corresponding to the different values of the spur dike bottom protection width B is obtained according to the test data;
and step III, substituting a plurality of different B values and corresponding K values into a formula 2 to determine a coefficient C and an index m.
Further, the value range of B is 0-B' -B.
Further, H 0 、V 0 Obtained from actual measurements or mathematical models of water flow, H 1 、V 1 、△V 1 Obtained from a mathematical model of the two-dimensional water flow in a fixed bed, H 2 、V 2 、△V 2 Obtained by locally scouring the physical model by the moving bed.
Further, H 0 、V 0 The measured data and the fixed bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model are obtained.
Further, in the first step, the width b of the navigation channel is determined according to inland river navigation standard.
Further, in the second step, the arrangement mode and the structural size of the spur dike are designed by establishing a mathematical model or a physical model.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention provides a method for determining the width of a bottom guard based on improvement of the washing efficiency of a navigation slot. According to the method, the general invalid scouring range of the dam head of the spur dike can be reduced by reasonably determining the width of the bottom protection, the effective scouring efficiency of the spur dike on the aircraft slot is increased, and the aircraft slot after the engineering action has better improvement effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a straight water course eel sand river segment at a downstream port of the Yangtze river according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a partial schematic view of a straight water channel eel sand river section engineering scheme of a downstream port of the Yangtze river according to one embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a spur dike; 2. and protecting the bottom of the spur dike.
Detailed Description
For further understanding of the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are enumerated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the following detailed description is given:
referring to fig. 1, a method for determining a bottom protection range of a spur dike of an inland waterway comprises the following steps:
determining the channel width b of a renovated river reach according to a channel renovation planning target of the renovated river reach; the width b of the navigation channel can be determined according to the inland river navigation standard.
Designing the arrangement mode and the structural size of the spur dike; the arrangement mode and the structural size of the spur dike can be designed by establishing a mathematical model or a physical model.
Determining the width B' from the dam root of the spur dike to the wall of the opposite side of the navigation channel according to the actually measured topographic map of the renovated river reach;
determining a target value of the effective scouring efficiency of the spur dike according to a channel design target of the renovated river reach; the effective scour efficiency K of the spur dike is represented by a change value of flow before and after a project, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in equation 1:
△q 1 the single-width flow value of the air channel is increased after the spur dike is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
△q 2 the single-width flow value of the air channel is increased after the spur dike is implemented under the moving bed condition;
step five, establishing a mathematical model of the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike, wherein the mathematical model is as follows:
in equation 2:
k is effective scouring efficiency of the spur dike;
b is the bottom protection width of the spur dike;
b' is the width from the dam root of the spur dike to the wall of the opposite side navigation channel;
b is the width of the air groove;
c is a coefficient;
m is an index;
step six, establishing a fixed bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model and a moving bed local scouring physical model of the renovation river reach, and obtaining test data of the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike under the condition that the values of the bottom protection width B of the spur dike are different, so as to determine a coefficient C and an index m;
and step seven, substituting the parameter values B, B', K, C, m determined in the steps one to six into a formula 2 to obtain the bottom protection width B of the spur dike.
The order of the above steps can be adjusted where appropriate.
Further, in the fifth step, a mathematical model of the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike can be established based on a dimensional analysis principle.
Further, the sixth step may specifically include the following sub-steps:
step I, expanding a formula 1 according to a relational expression of the channel flow, the channel average water depth and the channel average flow velocity to obtain a formula 3 and a formula 4:
Δq 1 ＝H 1 V 1 -H 0 V 0 ≈H 0 (V 1 -V 0 )＝H 0 ·ΔV 1 (formula 3)
Δq 2 ＝H 2 V 2 -H 0 V 0 ＝(H 0 +ΔH 2 )V 2 -H 0 V 0 ＝H 0 V 2 -ΔH 2 V 2 -H 0 V 0
＝H 0 ·ΔV 2 -ΔH 2 ·V 2 (formula 4)
Equation 5 is derived from equation 3 and equation 4:
in equations 3 to 5:
H 0 the average water depth of a navigation channel before the spur dike is implemented;
V 0 respectively carrying out average flow velocity of a front navigation channel for the spur dike;
H 1 the average water depth of the navigation channel after the spur dike is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
V 1 the average flow velocity of the air channel after the spur dike is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
H 2 the average water depth of the navigation channel after the spur dike is implemented under the condition of moving bed;
V 2 the average flow velocity of the navigation channel after the spur dike is implemented under the condition of a moving bed;
△V 1 the flow velocity increase value of the air channel after the spur dike is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
△V 2 the flow velocity increment value of the navigation channel after the spur dike is implemented under the condition of a moving bed;
△H 2 the value of the increase of the average water depth of the air channel after the spur dike is implemented under the condition of moving bed;
step II, a fixed bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model and a moving bed local scouring physical model of the renovating river section can be established, and H with different values of the bottom protection width B of the spur dike can be obtained through the fixed bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model and the moving bed local scouring physical model 0 、V 0 、H 1 、V 1 、H 2 、V 2 、△V 1 、△V 2 The effective scour efficiency K value of the spur dike corresponding to the different values of the spur dike bottom protection width B is obtained according to the test data; the value of B may include a number of different values, B =0 and B = B' -B.
Step III, a plurality of different B values and corresponding K values can be substituted into formula 2 to determine the coefficient C and the index m. The value range of B can be 0-B' -B. And the value points are determined according to the precision requirement of the model, and the minimum value of the value points is 3.
H 0 、V 0 Can be obtained from actual measurements or mathematical models of water flow, H 1 、V 1 、△V 1 Two-dimensional water flow mathematical model capable of being formed by fixed bedForm II of 2 、V 2 、△V 2 Can be obtained by locally scouring the physical model by the moving bed.
Further, H 0 、V 0 Can be obtained from the measured data and the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model of the fixed bed.
The specific implementation method and implementation steps of the invention are further described by combining the engineering of treating the straight water channel eel sand river section channel at the downstream port of the Yangtze river.
Step one, dividing a river channel into a left channel and a right channel by an eel sand core beach of an eel sand river section, wherein the eel sand core beach is frequently washed and silted, the two channels are correspondingly washed and silted alternately, the navigation channel is unstable, the current left channel is a main channel, and a recent river pattern is shown in detail in figure 2. According to a 12.5m channel regulation planning target of an eel sand river section, determining that the width of a channel is b =300m according to inland river navigation standard and the like.
And step two, establishing a mathematical model and a physical model by taking the eel sand river reach as a research river reach, and designing the arrangement mode and the structural size of the spur dike 1, including the length, the width and the height of the spur dike 1, the slope of the upstream slope and the back slope and the like.
In recent years, the eel sand cardiac shoal body is continuously washed away, the eel sand two-groove channel condition is threatened, and in terms of 12.5m water depth, shallow regions exist at the tail part of the upper shoal edge of the Tazhou bridge and the lower section of the right groove of the eel sand, and in order to control the shallow region of the channel, an eel sand channel section treatment engineering scheme is provided, the shallow-section channel power of the shallow region section is properly enhanced, and the shallow-section channel condition is improved.
The design scheme of the eel sand treatment engineering mainly comprises the steps that an underwater embankment is longitudinally arranged on an eel Sha Tanji, 11 pairs of spur dikes 1 are transversely arranged (the height is 2-3 m), a mathematical model and a physical model are established in the design stage, the arrangement mode and the major dimensions (length, width and height) of the underwater embankment and the spur dike 1 are designed by establishing the mathematical model and the physical model, and a partial scheme layout diagram is shown in detail in figure 3.
And step three, measuring the width B' =830m from the dam root of the spur dike 1 to the wall of the opposite slot in the slot of 12.5m according to an actually measured topographic map of the eel river section in 2014 and 7 months.
And step four, according to the design target of the sea channel of the eel river section, determining that the effective scouring efficiency target of the spur dike 1 reaches 80 percent.
Step five, under the condition that the size of the spur dike 1 is fixed, for the spur dike bottom protection 2, the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike is mainly related to factors such as the width B of an air groove, the width B of the bottom protection, the total width B' and the like, and a mathematical model of the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike is established based on the dimensional analysis principle, wherein the mathematical model is as follows:
in equation 2:
k is the effective scouring efficiency of the spur dike 1;
b is the width of the spur dike bottom protection 2;
b' is the width from the dam root of the spur dike 1 to the wall of the opposite side navigation channel;
b is the width of the air groove;
c is a coefficient;
m is an index;
establishing a fixed bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model and a moving bed local scouring physical model of a renovation river reach, and obtaining test data of effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike 1 under the condition that the values of the bottom protection width B of the spur dike 1 are different, so as to determine a coefficient C and an index m; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step I, expanding a formula 1 according to a relational expression of the channel flow, the channel average water depth and the channel average flow velocity to obtain a formula 3 and a formula 4:
Δq 1 ＝H 1 V 1 -H 0 V 0 ≈H 0 (V 1 -V 0 )＝H 0 ·ΔV 1 (formula 3)
Δq 2 ＝H 2 V 2 -H 0 V 0 ＝(H 0 +ΔH 2 )V 2 -H 0 V 0 ＝H 0 V 2 -ΔH 2 V 2 -H 0 V 0
＝H 0 ·ΔV 2 -ΔH 2 ·V 2 (formula 4)
Equation 5 is derived from equation 3 and equation 4:
in equations 3 to 5:
H 0 the average water depth of a front navigation channel is implemented for the spur dike 1;
V 0 respectively implementing the average flow velocity of the front navigation channel for the spur dike 1;
H 1 the average water depth of the navigation channel after the spur dike 1 is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
V 1 the average flow speed of the air channel after the implementation of the spur dike 1 under the fixed bed condition is obtained;
H 2 the average water depth of the navigation channel after the spur dike 1 is implemented under the condition of moving bed;
V 2 the average flow velocity of the navigation channel after the spur dike 1 is implemented under the condition of a moving bed;
△V 1 the flow velocity increase value of the air groove after the spur dike 1 is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
△V 2 the flow velocity increase value of the navigation channel after the spur dike 1 is implemented under the moving bed condition;
△H 2 the value of the average water depth of the navigation channel is increased after the spur dike 1 is implemented under the condition of a moving bed;
step II, a fixed bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model and a moving bed local scouring physical model of the renovating river section can be established, and H when the values of the bottom protection width B of the spur dike 1 are different can be obtained through the fixed bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model and the moving bed local scouring physical model and the like 0 、V 0 、H 1 、V 1 、H 2 、V 2 、△V 1 、△V 2 According to the test data, obtaining the corresponding effective scouring efficiency K value of the spur dike 1 when the bottom protection width B of the spur dike 1 takes different values;
and step III, substituting a plurality of different B values and corresponding K values into a formula 2 to determine a coefficient C and an index m.
The method comprises the steps of establishing a fixed-bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model and a moving-bed local scouring physical model of the eel sand river section to obtain actually measured test data. On 1 chi of spur dikeUnder the condition of certain degree, a series of test data can be obtained by arranging a series of spur dike protection bottoms 2 with different widths B, wherein H in formulas 3 to 5 0 、V 0 Can be obtained from the measured data and the two-dimensional water flow mathematical model, H 1 、V 1 、△V 1 Obtained from a mathematical model of the two-dimensional water flow in a fixed bed, H 2 、V 2 、△V 2 Obtained by locally scouring the physical model by the moving bed. Substituting the data into formula 5 can calculate and obtain a series of effective scour efficiencies K of the spur dike 1: when the spur dike 1 is not provided with a bottom protection, namely the width of the bottom protection B =0, the effective scouring efficiency of the spur dike 1 is constant: k = C; when the bottom protection extends from the root of the spur dike 1 to the edge of the wall of the opposite air channel, the range of the bottom protection is maximum, namely the width of the bottom protection B = B' -B, the effective scouring efficiency of the spur dike 1 is maximum: k =100%. Substituting a series of B and K obtained by the test into a formula 2 to determine to-be-determined coefficients: c =0.5,m =1.1.
And step seven, substituting the parameter values B' =830m, B =300m, K =80%, C =0.5 and m =1.1 determined in the steps one to six into a formula 2, and calculating the dam head bottom protection width B of the spur dike 1 to be approximately equal to 330m in a reverse manner.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to carry out the same, and the present invention shall not be limited to the embodiments, i.e. the equivalent changes or modifications made within the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for determining a bottom protection range of a spur dike of an inland waterway is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, determining the channel width b of a renovation river reach according to a channel renovation planning target of the renovation river reach;
designing the arrangement mode and the structural size of the spur dike;
determining the width B' from the dam root of the spur dike to the wall of the opposite side navigation channel according to the actually measured topographic map of the renovation river reach;
determining an effective scouring efficiency target of the spur dike according to a channel design target of the renovation river reach; the effective scour efficiency K of the spur dike is represented by a change value of flow before and after a project, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in equation 1:
△q 1 the single-width flow value of the air channel is increased after the spur dike is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
△q 2 the single-width flow value of the air channel is increased after the spur dike is implemented under the moving bed condition;
step five, establishing a mathematical model of the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike, wherein the mathematical model is as follows:
in equation 2:
k is effective scouring efficiency of the spur dike;
b is the bottom protection width of the spur dike;
b' is the width from the dam root of the spur dike to the wall of the opposite side navigation channel;
b is the width of the air groove;
c is a coefficient;
m is an index;
establishing a fixed bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model and a moving bed local scouring physical model of the renovated river reach, and obtaining test data of the effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike under the condition that the values of the spur dike bottom protection width B are different, so as to determine a coefficient C and an index m;
and seventhly, substituting the parameter values B, B' and K, C, m determined in the first step to the sixth step into a formula 2 to obtain the bottom protection width B of the spur dike.
2. The method for determining the bottom protection range of the inland waterway spur dike according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, a mathematical model of effective scouring efficiency K of the spur dike is established based on a dimensional analysis principle.
3. The method for determining the bottom protection range of the inland waterway spur dike according to claim 1, wherein the sixth step specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
step I, expanding a formula 1 according to a relational expression of the navigation channel flow, the navigation channel average water depth and the average flow velocity to obtain a formula 3 and a formula 4:
Δq 1 ＝H 1 V 1 -H 0 V 0 ≈H 0 (V 1 -V 0 )＝H 0 ·ΔV 1 formula (3)
Δq 2 ＝H 2 V 2 -H 0 V 0 ＝(H 0 +ΔH 2 )V 2 -H 0 V 0 ＝H 0 V 2 -ΔH 2 V 2 -H 0 V 0
＝H 0 ·ΔV 2 -ΔH 2 ·V 2 Formula (4)
Equation 5 is derived from equation 3 and equation 4:
in equations 3 to 5:
H 0 the average water depth of a navigation channel before the spur dike is implemented;
V 0 respectively carrying out average flow velocity of a front navigation channel for the spur dike;
H 1 the average water depth of the navigation channel after the spur dike is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
V 1 the average flow velocity of the air channel after the spur dike is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
H 2 the average water depth of the navigation channel after the spur dike is implemented under the condition of a moving bed;
V 2 the average flow velocity of the navigation channel after the spur dike is implemented under the moving bed condition;
△V 1 the flow velocity increase value of the air channel after the spur dike is implemented under the fixed bed condition;
△V 2 the flow velocity increase value of the navigation channel after the spur dike is implemented under the moving bed condition;
△H 2 the value of the average water depth of the navigation channel is increased after the spur dike is implemented under the condition of a moving bed;
step II, establishing a fixed bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model and a moving bed local scouring physical model of the renovating river reach, and obtaining H when the value of the bottom protection width B of the spur dike is different 0 、V 0 、H 1 、V 1 、H 2 、V 2 、△V 1 、△V 2 The effective scour efficiency K value of the spur dike corresponding to the different values of the spur dike bottom protection width B is obtained according to the test data;
and step III, substituting a plurality of different B values and corresponding K values into a formula 2 to determine a coefficient C and an index m.
4. The method for determining the bottom protection range of the inland waterway spur dike according to claim 3, wherein the value range of B is 0-B' -B.
5. The method for determining the bottom protection range of a spur dike of an inland waterway according to claim 3, wherein H is 0 、V 0 Obtained from actual measurements or mathematical models of water flow, H 1 、V 1 、△V 1 Obtained from a mathematical model of the two-dimensional water flow in a fixed bed, H 2 、V 2 、△V 2 Obtained by locally scouring the physical model of the moving bed.
6. The method for determining the bottom protection range of a spur dike of an inland waterway according to claim 5, wherein H is 0 、V 0 The measured data and the fixed bed two-dimensional water flow mathematical model are obtained.
7. The method for determining the bottom protection range of the inland waterway spur dike according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the width b of the fairway is determined according to inland waterway navigation standard.
8. The method for determining the bottom protection range of a spur dike in an inland waterway according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the arrangement mode and the structural size of the spur dike are designed by establishing a mathematical model or a physical model.
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