A kind of attached algae original position device for quick collecting
Technical field
The present invention relates to water ecological environment monitoring technical fields, fill more particularly, to a kind of attached algae original position Quick Acquisition
It sets.
Background technique
Project of South-to-North water diversion is maximum Inter-Basin Water Transfer Project in the world, is that alleviate the northern area of China water resource short
It lacks, realize water resource optimal allocation.South water to north water quality safety is the premise that engineering plays water supply benefits, is south water to north guarantee
The most important thing in work, while being also the core index for examining water diversion project success or failure.Route overall length 1432
Km, wherein 1277 kilometers of general main canal (contain Beijing Section), 155 kilometers of Tianjin main line overall length.Middle line general main canal is full reinforced concrete
Structure is not connected to extraneous water system, completely based on open channel, and has the job facilities such as tunnel, pipeline, dark culvert and aqueduct.?
Pottery trouble head works, up in the general main canal of 1196.51km, arranges 1715, all kinds of buildings to northern Juma River altogether.Middle Line Project For Transferring Water From South To North
Engineering system is sufficiently complex, has the characteristics that span is big, route is long and building is numerous, has in China's water conservancy construction history inner
The meaning of journey upright stone tablet formula.
Attached algae is also referred to as benthic algae, is attached to some miniature periphtic algaes lived on water body mesostroma.
The fixed life of attached algae battalion, possesses biggish biomembrane area, rapid with water body mass exchange, is instruction river ecosystem
The common instruction biology of health status.After Middle Line Project For Transferring Water From South To North water flowing, there is attached algae and is largely proliferated phenomenon in spring, raw algae
The a large amount of proliferative deaths of class may impact general main canal water quality after floating, and therefore, it is necessary to monitor, study general main canal attached algae
Distribution and growth change rule, need to carry out highdensity sampling monitoring work to attached algae.Traditional attached algae is adopted
There are three types of quadrat methods, matrix method (water plant method or stone method), glass slide method and polyester embrane method.Wherein water plant method or stone method are
Complete water plant or stone are acquired, laboratory is taken back, attached algae is scraped with pocket knife, then tests.Glass slide method is by glass slide
It is fixed on fixed frame, is tied up on its object with rope or weighting material is allowed to submerged or is inserted in the bottom with club, top is used
Float is allowed to float the water surface.Poly-vinegar membrane process is that poly-vinegar film one end is fixed on float, and the other end ties up weight and is allowed to heavy
Under.The above conventional method is not suitable for general main canal or timeliness is unable to satisfy research and requires, and is mainly shown as: (1) general main canal
It is completely cement substrate, aquatic macrophyte can not survive, and can not also make without stone for acquisition, water plant method or the sampling of stone method
With;(2) using glass method and mylar method is carried when, since the growth of raw algae needs the regular hour, sampling stand is generally required
It places 14 days in water, required time is long, and timeliness is low, it is difficult to high-density sampling monitoring requirements needed for meeting research.And
2 years nearly to general main canal studies have shown that when using carrying glass method and mylar method and sampling, carry on glass method and mylar
There are significant differences for the increment of raw algae and the increment at canal bottom, this mainly may be that growth time and attaching substratum material are poor
Caused by different, so that the attached algae sample for carrying glass method and the acquisition of mylar method is difficult to react the true situation of general main canal.Cause
This, needs cement substrate feature and practical high-density sampling demand for general main canal, researches and develops and is suitable for the dedicated of general main canal
Raw algae sampling tool, to meet the monitoring of general main canal attached algae and Research Requirements.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be directed to, the existing method of sampling is not suitable for general main canal and timeliness is unable to satisfy research and wants
The problems such as asking provides a kind of attached algae original position device for quick collecting, and the present invention overcomes traditional attached algae method of sampling bases
The sample space limitation of matter method (water plant method and stone method), can be in any area sampling of general main canal, no longer by water plant and stone
The limitation of block distribution;Long, efficiency the time required to the present invention overcomes traditional sampling method glass slide method and the sampling of polyester embrane method
Low problem.Traditional glass slide method and polyester embrane method generally requires hanging plate 14 days to be grown for attached algae, required time
It is longer, it takes time and effort, and this equipment realizes quick sampling in situ, the sampling time of single point foreshortened within 10 minutes,
The sampling time is significantly shortened, sampling efficiency is improved;The present invention overcomes glass slide method and polyester embrane method and general main canal by
The experimental error caused by the difference of growth substrate and growth time, traditional glass slide method and polyester embrane method utilize glass slide
There is provided matrix with polyester film for attached algae growth, the two material composition is upper and the cement substrate of general main canal there are significance differences
It is different, and growth 14 days are also dramatically different with the growth time of general main canal bottom attached algae, this is allowed in glass slide and polyester
There are significant differences with biomass on general main canal canal bottom for the biomass of attached algae on film, so that monitoring result and practical growth
Situation differs greatly.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of attached algae original position device for quick collecting, including footstock, pedestal, the footstock center form footstock hole,
Passing through in the footstock hole has shaft, is equipped with rotating disk by screw thread at the top of the shaft, passes through screw thread in the rotating disk
Rolled round is installed, the footstock top surface edge is fixed with handwheel by screw, and shaft one end of the handwheel is fixed with handle,
Coiling has wirerope on the handwheel, and the shaft surrounding is symmetrically arranged with four support columns, and the shaft other end passes through spiral shell
Line is equipped with impeller, and scrub-brush is adhesive on the impeller, is provided with cylinder on the outside of the impeller, the cylinder upper end is welded with
Upper bed-plate, the cylinder lower end have been bolted pedestal, and the pedestal includes upper cover plate, lower cover plate, under the upper cover plate
Side has been bolted lower cover plate, is adhesive with flexible glue layer on the lower cover plate lower surface.
Further, the shaft upper end successively forms lower card hole and upper card hole, the lower card close to the position of footstock
Inlay card has clamp in hole and upper card hole.
Further, the upper cover plate center forms the upper bed-plate hole passed through convenient for shaft, in the upper bed-plate hole at
Type has inside groove, is inlaid with small sealing ring in the inside groove.
Further, the support column both ends are threaded, and described support column one end is consolidated after passing through footstock using nut
Fixed, the support column other end is threadedly secured on pedestal after passing through upper bed-plate.
Further, rectangular partition sliding slot is formed in the lower cover plate, slidably connects separation in the lower cover plate
Partition, described separation partition one end are fixed with wirerope, and the separation partition other end has been threadably secured pull rod.
Further, the pull rod stretches out on the outside of lower cover plate, and the tie rod end is vertically welded with pull rod handle, under described
Position on cover board across pull rod is inlaid with sealing ring.
Further, deflecting channel is formed on the lower cover plate, the wirerope is fixed after passing through out of deflecting channel
On separation partition.
Further, the barrel diameter 150mm, high 200mm, thick 5mm, the cylinder are sub- Gree material, it is described on
The position that cover board and lower cover plate correspond to cylinder forms through slot.
Further, sealing ring is inlaid in the through slot on the upper cover plate and lower cover plate.
Compared with prior art, present invention employs above-mentioned technical proposals, it has the advantage that:
1, the present invention overcomes the sample space limitation of matrix method (water plant method and stone method), this method can be done always
Any area sampling of canal, the limitation being no longer distributed by water plant and stone;
2, the problem of the present invention overcomes glass slide method and polyester embrane method sampling required time length, low efficiency, it is traditional
Glass slide method and polyester embrane method generally require hanging plate 14 days to be grown for attached algae, and required time is longer, is taken time and effort, and
This equipment realizes quick sampling in situ, and the sampling time of single point foreshortened within 10 minutes, when significantly shortening sampling
Between, improve sampling efficiency;
3, the present invention overcomes glass slide method and polyester embrane method and general main canals due to the difference of growth substrate and growth time
It is raw that the principle of experimental error caused by different, traditional glass slide method and polyester embrane method, which is using glass slide and polyester film,
Algal grown provides matrix, and there are significant differences in the upper cement substrate with general main canal of material composition for the two, and grow 14 days and
The growth time of general main canal bottom attached algae is also dramatically different, this allows for the attached algae on glass slide and polyester film
There are significant differences for biomass on biomass and general main canal canal bottom, so that monitoring result differs greatly with practical growing state.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention without any creative labor, may be used also for those of ordinary skill in the art
To obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the space multistory view of attached algae device for quick collecting of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the side view of attached algae device for quick collecting of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the bottom view of attached algae device for quick collecting of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the pedestal side view of attached algae device for quick collecting of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that in September, 2017 is raw to Middle Line Project For Transferring Water From South To North general main canal using attached algae device for quick collecting of the present invention
The result figure that algae density is measured.
Wherein: 1, footstock;2, support column;3, shaft;4, handwheel;5, handle;6, wirerope;7, rotating disk;8, rolled round;9,
Inside groove;10, small sealing ring;11, partition is separated;12, pull rod;13, pull rod handle;14, deflecting channel;15, upper bed-plate;16, cylinder
Body;17, impeller;18, scrub-brush;19, partition sliding slot;20, upper cover plate;21, lower cover plate;22, flexible glue layer;23, upper bed-plate hole;
24, footstock hole;25, lower card hole;26, upper card hole;27, clamp;28, pedestal.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figs 1-4, a kind of attached algae original position device for quick collecting, including footstock 1, pedestal 28, in the footstock 1
Centre forms footstock hole 24, and passing through in the footstock hole 24 has shaft 3, is equipped with rotating disk by screw thread at the top of the shaft 3
7, rolled round 8 is equipped with by screw thread in the rotating disk 7,1 top surface edge of footstock is fixed with handwheel 4, institute by screw
3 one end of shaft for stating handwheel 4 is fixed with handle 5, and coiling has wirerope 6 on the handwheel 4, and 3 surrounding of shaft is symmetrical arranged
There are four support columns 2, the support column 2 is 80cm high, and diameter 5mm, material is stainless steel material, and 3 other end of shaft passes through
Screw thread is equipped with impeller 17, is adhesive with scrub-brush 18 on the impeller 17, drives shaft 3 by rotating the handwheel 4, and described turn
3 impeller 17 of axis rotates swipe attached algae, and cylinder 16,16 upper end of the cylinder welding are provided on the outside of the impeller 17
There is upper bed-plate 15,16 lower end of cylinder has been bolted pedestal 28, and the pedestal 28 includes upper cover plate 20, lower cover plate
21, lower cover plate 21 has been bolted below the upper cover plate 20, is adhesive with flexible glue layer 22 on 21 lower surface of lower cover plate,
The thickness 3mm of the flexible glue layer 22, effect are to play sealing function when the cylinder 16 is contacted with cement canal bottom, are guaranteed
The attached algae of acquisition will not be washed away from pedestal 28 and the junction at canal bottom.
Further, 3 upper end of shaft successively forms lower card hole 25 and upper card hole 26, institute close to the position of footstock 1
Stating inlay card in lower card hole 25 and upper card hole 26 has clamp 27, by the clamp 27 upper card hole 26 and lower card hole 25 position tune
Save the upper and lower position of shaft 3.
Further, 20 center of upper cover plate forms the upper bed-plate hole 23 passed through convenient for shaft 3, the upper bed-plate hole
Inside groove 9 is formed in 23, is inlaid with small sealing ring 10 in the inside groove 9, and sample is avoided to reveal from 16 upper end of cylinder.
Further, 2 both ends of support column are threaded, and described 2 one end of support column utilizes spiral shell after passing through footstock 1
Mother is fixed, and 2 other end of support column is threadedly secured on pedestal 28 after passing through upper bed-plate 15, improves the intensity of device
And stability.
Further, rectangular partition sliding slot 19 is formed in the lower cover plate 21, is slidably connected in the lower cover plate 21
There is separation partition 11, described 11 one end of separation partition is fixed with wirerope 6, and 11 other end of separation partition is solid by screw thread
Surely there is pull rod 12, to realize the switch of the cylinder 16, guarantee not revealing for acquisition water sample in the off state.
Further, the pull rod 12 stretches out 21 outside of lower cover plate, and 12 end vertical of pull rod is welded with pull rod handle
13, the position that pull rod 12 is passed through on the lower cover plate 21 is inlaid with sealing ring, can control separation by the pull rod handle 13
Partition 11 is mobile.
Further, deflecting channel 14 is formed on the lower cover plate 21, the wirerope 6 is worn out of deflecting channel 14
Later it is fixed on separation partition 11, guarantees 6 normal use of wirerope.
Further, cylinder 16 diameter 150mm, high 200mm, the thick 5mm, the cylinder 16 are sub- Gree material,
Effect takes the attached algae of acquisition for dress, and the position that the upper cover plate 20 and lower cover plate 21 correspond to cylinder 16 forms through slot.
Further, it is inlaid with sealing ring in the through slot on the upper cover plate 20 and lower cover plate 21, to prevent acquisition sample
It leaks.
The present apparatus in use, pulled open by pulling pull rod handle 13 by partition 11 is separated, then place a device into it is underwater, when
Clamp 27 is packed into after contacting with algae and goes up card hole 26 by pedestal 28, by pushing shaft 3 to move down, by scrub-brush 18 and algae
Contact, the area that scrub-brush 18 rotates is sampling area, then by the rocking handle 8 in rotation rotating disk 7, in impeller 17
Scrub-brush 18 rotate, to scrape attached algae, after the completion of algae acquisition, clamp 27 is put into lower card hole 25, is turned at this time
Upwards, scrub-brush 18 enters in cylinder 16 axis 3, rotates the handle 5 on handwheel 4, pulls separation partition 11 by wirerope 6, will
The lower end closed of cylinder 16 proposes device after completing sequence of maneuvers from water to guarantee that water sample does not leak, and pulls open manually point
From partition 11, cylinder 16 is opened, water sample is poured into scheduled container, is i.e. completion sampling operation, using finishing this practical dress
It sets and cleans up, give over to next use.
The present embodiment solve general main canal cement canal bottom attached algae in situ quantitation sampling difficulty it is big, the time is long, experiment miss
The big technical problem of difference.As described above, general main canal is due to being cement substrate, water plant can not grow, also without stone for acquisition, load
It is longer the time required to slide method and poly-vinegar membrane process, and since the difference of growth time and matrix makes experimental results error big,
It is difficult to high-density sampling demand needed for meeting the research of middle line general main canal attached algae.Therefore, the best attached algae of general main canal
Acquisition method is direct in-situ acquisition, and since attached algae is grown in canal bottom, general main canal flow velocity is in 0.7~1.0 meter per second, comparatively fast
Flow velocity make attached algae scrape after just washed away by water flow rapidly, cannot achieve in situ quantitation acquisition.How under high flow rate
Quantitative collection general main canal bottom attached algae becomes a technical problem for needing to solve without being washed away by water flow.The invention patent
Contacted by the flexible glue layer of pedestal with canal bottom, closed by pressure realize attached algae pickup area and outside body of water every
From, the acquisition of attached algae is realized by shaft impeller and scrub-brush, the attached algae brushed off, which floats, enters cylinder, when
After the completion of collecting work, shaft is extracted, the closing of separation partition realization cylinder is pulled by wirerope, to complete attached algae
Quantitative collection.The present invention is compared with the traditional technology, and maximum difference is that traditional stone method or water plant method are mainly scene
Acquisition stone or water plant take back the attached algae on scraping surface behind laboratory, or using glass slide or poly-vinegar film as base
Matter takes back laboratory after hanging 14 days in water body, manually scrape surface growth attached algae, then by scraping raw algae
Class is dissolved in water, constant volume, recycles microscopic counting.Traditional method of sampling is acquisition at the scene and laboratory treatment two
What step was completed, there are transit links for centre, and sample by whether there is or not stone, water plant and its spatial distributions to be limited.And it is of the invention
It is to scrape in situ, carry out constant volume using cylinder, completes entire collection process at the scene, avoids due to stone or water plant transport
In the loss and error that may cause, and sample no longer by whether there is or not stone, water plants to be limited, also not by using glass slide or poly-
Vinegar film is avoided as needed for matrix 14 born prolonged limitations since growth time difference is different from growth substrate material
Brought experimental error.Difficult point of the invention first is that when underwater in-situ acquires flexible glue layer and canal bottom sealing, it is ensured that acquisition
Attached algae is not washed away by water flow.Difficult point is second is that realize that the original position of underwater cylinder is close by the sliding of separation partition after the completion of acquisition
Envelope, it is ensured that sample collected is not revealed in partition sliding process and during device is left the water.Difficult point third is that how
The sliding of separation partition is realized with lesser power under conditions of guaranteeing sealing, so that device has preferable operability.Cause
For being fully sealed to realization device, relatively tight, power needed for sliding separation partition slides is contacted between upper lower clapboard and sealing ring
Measure larger, this is unfavorable for the acquisition of field sample.
The present embodiment is identical as traditional sampling Method And Principle, unlike conventional method is optimized integrated, will pass
The field acquisition of system is integrated with laboratory treatment step, so that sampling is all completed at the scene with processing.The present invention is intensive
Degree is high, and whole equipment is an entirety, and traditional sampling method then needs reaping hook, poly-vinegar film, tweezers, sampler bag, blade
Or hard brush, beaker, graduated cylinder etc., it operates time-consuming and laborious.Compared with traditional sampling method, entire sample is acquired using the present invention
Required time is no more than 10 minutes, and the sampling time shortens 99% or more, and sampling efficiency significantly improves, and sampling error significantly reduces.
It is tied using the result that above equipment and method investigate Middle Line Project For Transferring Water From South To North general main canal as shown in figure 5, investigating
Fruit has coincide actual conditions, compared with traditional glass slide method and polyester embrane method, apparatus of the present invention single sample well
Sampling time is generally required hanging plate 14 days by traditional glass slide method and polyester embrane method and is foreshortened within 10 minutes, so that right
The time that general main canal completes primary complete attached algae investigation was shorten to 7 days by original 30 days, significantly shortened the sampling time,
Improve sampling efficiency.And the limitation in space suffered by artificial substratum method is overcome, and it can be in any section sampling of general main canal, it can
High-density sampling demand needed for studying general main canal attached algae growth rhythm with satisfaction.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.