CN109928839A - Fertilizer and preparation method thereof based on plant stalk substance - Google Patents
Fertilizer and preparation method thereof based on plant stalk substance Download PDFInfo
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- CN109928839A CN109928839A CN201910389813.7A CN201910389813A CN109928839A CN 109928839 A CN109928839 A CN 109928839A CN 201910389813 A CN201910389813 A CN 201910389813A CN 109928839 A CN109928839 A CN 109928839A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fertilizer and preparation method thereof based on plant stalk substance.The preparation method includes the following steps: that (1) mixes plant enzyme, catsup, fructus hippophae, cornstarch, soybean residue, grain hulls, vegetable oil residue, malt sugar and water, is aerated 25~200 minutes, obtains the first mixture；By the first fermented mixture 35~70 days, fermentation liquid is obtained；(2) fermentation liquid is diluted with water, obtains composite enzyme liquid；(3) animal wastes, plant stalk substance, sludge, weathered coal are contacted with composite enzyme liquid, ferments 30~60 days, obtains the composite enzyme fertilizer.Method of the invention can obtain solid fertilizer at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of, and the fertilizer and preparation method thereof based on plant stalk substance, especially one kind are based on plant
Composite enzyme fertilizer of stalk kind substance and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Chemical fertilizer is the nutrient needed made of chemistry and/or physical method containing one or more production estimations
Fertilizer, including single fertilizer (such as urea, plant ash) or compound fertilizer (such as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate).Either single fertilizer
Or compound fertilizer all has the characteristics that nutrient content is high and fertilizer efficiency is rapid, but nutrients ratio be it is fixed, do not adapt to difference
Soil and crops needed for nutrient type, the diversity of quantity and ratio；Fertilizer efficiency sustainability is poor, cannot play good
The effect of good improvement soil and crops is promoted to take root rapidly simultaneously fast-growth；Furthermore chemical fertilizer is used for a long time, will cause food
The accumulation of object streptomycin, seriously threatens human health.Therefore, nontoxic, environmentally protective and crops quality can be improved
Ferment compound fertilizer gets more and more people's extensive concerning.
Composite enzyme fertilizer has many advantages compared with conventional fertilizers: (1) composite enzyme fertilizer is using new process for fermenting
The fertilizer that a variety of efficient bacterium groups such as saccharomycete, der Pilz, beneficial bacterium are process, be manured into soil in can be used as nutrient
It is absorbed by crops, residue will not be formed in the ground；(2) mass propagation in the soil of the beneficial viable bacteria in composite enzyme fertilizer,
Various animal and plant residuums in fast decoupled soil again, dissolve fixed element in soil, the mesh for reaching potassium decomposing, releasing phosphorus, fixed nitrogen
, it improves soil rapidly, the hardened of soil will not be caused as chemical fertilizer；(3) a large amount of in composite enzyme fertilizer
Viable bacteria group enter in soil after, mushroom out crop root, it is deep prick, thin and weak ground or it is hardened, pest and disease damage is serious
Soil apply this bio-fertilizer effect and become apparent.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of fertilizer based on plant stalk substance,
It can obtain lower-cost solid fertilizer.It is another object of the present invention to provide above-mentioned preparation method obtain based on
The fertilizer of plant stalk substance can substitute part chemical fertilizer, reduce fertilizer amount.
The preparation method of fertilizer based on plant stalk substance of the invention includes the following steps:
(1) 3~8wt% plant enzyme, 2~8wt% catsup, 5~8wt% fructus hippophae, 0.5~3wt% corn are formed sediment
Powder, 0.5~2wt% soybean residue, 1~4wt% grain hulls, 0.5~2wt% vegetable oil residue, 0.5~2wt% malt sugar and surplus
35~42 DEG C of water mixing, be aerated 25~200 minutes, obtain the first mixture；By the first fermented mixture 35~70 days, obtain
To fermentation liquid；
(2) fermentation liquid is diluted with water, obtains composite enzyme liquid；
(3) by 50~70wt% animal wastes, 10~25wt% plant stalk substance, 10~25wt% sludge and 10~
The mixing of 20wt% weathered coal, obtains the second mixture；Second mixture is contacted with the composite enzyme liquid, is obtained wait ferment
Object；It described will ferment 30~60 days to fermentation material, and obtain the fertilizer based on plant stalk substance；Wherein, plant stalk
Substance is selected from reed and/or agricultural crop straw.
In step (1), the weight percent of each component is on the basis of the total weight of the first mixture；Each component
The sum of weight percent is 100%.In step (3), the weight percent of each component is with the total weight of the second mixture
Benchmark；The sum of weight percent of each component is 100%.
Plant enzyme of the invention can be using those of known in the art.Coarse cereals ferment in the market can directly be bought
Element, pectase etc.；Or prepared using existing method, for example, CN109329918A discloses a kind of brown rice enzyme
Preparation method, CN109432376A, CN109315765A disclose the preparation method of some fruit ferment, herein by its full text
It is incorporated herein.Grain hulls of the invention are selected from the one or more of rice bran or wheat bran.Malt sugar (molasses) of the invention is by malt
In carbohydrase act on a kind of sugar made by the starch in cracking rice, be in thick pale yellow transparency liquid, main component is wheat
Bud sugar, glucose and dextrin.Malt sugar of the invention can be substituted using sugarcane, beet, and these equivalent substitutes also belong to
In protection scope of the present invention.Cornstarch of the invention can be replaced using wheaten starch, potato starch or tapioca etc.
Generation, and these equivalent substitutes also belong to protection scope of the present invention.In the present invention, vegetable oil residue is residue after plant oil expression
Residue, for example, obtained residue after soybean, rapeseed, peanut, olive, flax oil expression.
In step (1) of the present invention, the first mixture preceding 10~15 days fermentation temperatures be 30~40 DEG C, preferably 35~
40℃.Then at 10~40 DEG C, continue to ferment under the conditions of preferably 20~30 DEG C.It ferments, then exists at relatively high temperatures first
It ferments under lower temperature, is conducive to the breeding of effective flora.Need 10~50 points of stirring daily within first 20~25 days during fermentation
Clock, preferably 10~20 minutes.Stirring is further conducive to the breeding of effective flora.Preparation method according to the present invention, preferably
Ground, in step (1), preceding 10~15 days fermentation temperatures are 30~40 DEG C, and subsequent fermentation temperature is 10~40 DEG C；Preceding 20~25
It needs stirring 10~50 minutes daily.
In the present invention, preparing fermentation liquid can carry out in closed container.Closed container includes but is not limited to seal
Fermentor.Be conducive to going on smoothly for fermentation process in this way.
Preparation method according to the present invention, it is preferable that in step (1), in the first mixture, plant enzyme accounts for 4~
7wt%, catsup account for 3~6wt%, fructus hippophae accounts for 6~7wt%, cornstarch accounts for 1~2.5wt%, soybean residue account for 0.8~
1.8wt%, grain hulls account for 2~4wt%, vegetable oil residue accounts for 0.8~1.8wt% and malt sugar accounts for 0.8~1.8wt%.Above-mentioned original
The weight percent of material is all based on the total weight of the first mixture.Preparation method according to the present invention, it is preferable that step (1)
In, grain hulls are selected from the one or more of rice bran or wheat bran.
A specific embodiment according to the present invention, in the first mixture, pectase accounts for 6wt%, catsup accounts for
5wt%, fructus hippophae account for 6wt%, cornstarch accounts for 1.5wt%, soybean residue accounts for 1.2wt%, wheat bran accounts for 1.2wt%, vegetable oil residue
Account for 1wt%, malt sugar accounts for 1wt%, surplus is water.
Another embodiment according to the present invention, in the first mixture, pectase accounts for 4.5wt%, tomato
Sauce accounts for 5.5wt%, fructus hippophae accounts for 7wt%, cornstarch accounts for 2.3wt%, soybean residue accounts for 0.8wt%, wheat bran accounts for 1.9wt%, plants
The object dregs of fat account for 1.2wt%, malt sugar accounts for 0.8wt%, and surplus is water.
Another specific embodiment according to the present invention, in the first mixture, pectase accounts for 3.5wt%, tomato
Sauce accounts for 7wt%, fructus hippophae accounts for 6.5wt%, cornstarch accounts for 2.7wt%, soybean residue accounts for 0.7wt%, rice bran accounts for 2wt%, plant
The dregs of fat account for 0.5wt%, malt sugar accounts for 2wt%, and surplus is water.
Preparation method according to the present invention, it is preferable that in step (2), the dosage of water is the 5~50 of the fermentation liquid weight
Times.According to embodiment of the present invention, the dosage of water is 15~30 times of the fermentation liquid weight.Fermentation liquid is suitably dilute
Release, can not only save the cost, and obtained composite fermentation liquid after suitably diluting can will not lead because of excessively dilute or overrich
Cause the destruction of flora.
Preparation method according to the present invention, it is preferable that in step (3), by animal wastes, plant stalk substance, sludge
And weathered coal is uniformly mixed, and obtains the second mixture, animal wastes account for 50~70wt%, plant stalk class in the second mixture
Substance accounts for 10~25wt%, sludge accounts for 10~25wt%, weathered coal accounts for 10~20wt%；Second mixture and the composite enzyme
Liquid is fermented 30~60 days by sprinkling contact, obtains the fertilizer based on plant stalk substance.The mode of contact is not
Especially limitation.For example, composite enzyme liquid is sprayed at the second mixture surface；For another example, by composite enzyme liquid and the second mixture
It stirs evenly.According to embodiment of the present invention, the second mixture is shakeout to a thickness of 10~60cm, sprays an institute
State composite enzyme liquid；The second mixture is shakeout to a thickness of 10~60cm after mixing evenly, then sprays a composite enzyme liquid；
Then the second mixture is played into heap, heap width is 1~10m, preferably 2~6m；Heap height can be 1~5m, preferably 2~3m, heap
Wide and heap height is suitable for being conducive to keep temperature and moisture.The composite enzyme liquid is sprayed again after playing heap, is obtained wait ferment
Object.
According to embodiment of the present invention, in the second mixture, animal wastes account for 50~70wt%, preferably 53
~65wt%, more preferably 55~60wt%；Plant stalk substance accounts for 10~25wt%, is preferably 11~22wt%, more excellent
It is selected as 13~20%wt；Sludge accounts for 10~25wt%, preferably 10~22wt%, more preferably 11~20wt%；Weathered coal accounts for
10~20wt%, preferably 12~18wt%, more preferably 14~17wt%.The weight percent of above-mentioned raw materials is all based on
The total weight of two mixtures.
According to embodiment of the present invention, in the second mixture, animal wastes account for 65wt%, reed accounts for
13wt%, sludge account for 12wt%, weathered coal accounts for 10wt%.According to another implementation of the invention, in the second mixture,
Animal wastes account for 50wt%, plant stalk substance accounts for 12wt%, sludge accounts for 23wt%, weathered coal accounts for 15wt%.According to this hair
Bright yet another embodiment, in the second mixture, animal wastes account for 55wt%, reed accounts for 11wt%, sludge accounts for 23wt%,
Weathered coal accounts for 11wt%.
Using sealing Unareobic fermentation or aerobic fermentation method fermentation will be protected from light to fermentation material.Sealing Unareobic fermentation is will be to
Fermentation material starvation in closed container enables effective flora to breed by the fermentation of anaerobe.Closed container
Including but not limited to closed fermentor, preferably be protected from light the objects such as the good felt of closure, blanket covers sealing to closing mode, has in this way
Conducive to going on smoothly for fermentation process.It is protected from light aerobic fermentation method and aerator is added in round, oxygen is provided, to add
Fast fermenting speed.It is described ferment 30~60 days, preferably 40~50 days to fermentation material after, obtain described based on plant stalk class object
The fertilizer of matter.
Preparation method according to the present invention, it is preferable that in step (3), the plant stalk substance be length 5cm with
Segment plant stalk class that is lower and being obtained after the alkaline solution sprinkling that over-richness is 0.2~20wt% was with maturation process 2~3 days
Substance.Alkaline solution can be soda bath；The concentration of alkaline solution is 0.2~20wt%, preferably 5~15wt%.Plant
The curing of stalk kind substance refer to will by the processed plant stalk substance damp-heat air of alkaline solution or with steam treatment,
Curing time is 2~3 days.Plant stalk substance is preferably reed.Plant stalk substance by alkaline solution handle and it is ripe
Changing time enough can be improved fermentation efficiency.
Preparation method according to the present invention, it is preferable that in step (3), the moisture content of sludge is lower than 45%.According to the present invention
An embodiment, the moisture content of sludge is lower than 35%.The dehydration of sludge can be de- with the methods of natural air drying, sunning or machinery
Water, the water content for controlling sludge can be such that ferment object water swelling pending softens, while be conducive to the decomposition of microorganism, improve fermentation
Efficiency.
Preparation method according to the present invention, it is preferable that in step (3), the sludge is selected from plant stalk substance wetland
Bed mud, pollution of river bed mud or lake pollution bottom sediment.Preferably, the sludge is reed wetland bed mud.
Preparation method according to the present invention, it is preferable that step (3) includes following detailed process: by 50~70wt% animal
Excrement, 10~25wt% plant stalk substance, 10~25wt% sludge and the mixing of 10~20wt% weathered coal, it is mixed to obtain second
Close object；Second mixture is shakeout to a thickness of 10~60cm, the composite enzyme liquid is sprayed；After mixing evenly by second
Mixture shakeouts to a thickness of 10~60cm, then sprays a composite enzyme liquid；Then the second mixture is played into heap, heap width is 1
~10m, and a height of 1~5m of heap；The composite enzyme liquid is sprayed again after playing heap, is obtained to fermentation material；By described wait ferment
Object ferments 20~50 days, and temperature reaches between 60 DEG C~65 DEG C, is kept for 3~8 days.If temperature is 66 DEG C high, throwing cooling is turned over, is obtained
To the fertilizer based on plant stalk substance.
The present invention also provides a kind of fertilizer based on plant stalk substance, and any of the above-described preparation method is used to obtain
?.Fertilizer based on plant stalk substance of the invention contains there are many effective flora, for example, lactic acid bacteria, actinomyces, photosynthetic bacteria,
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete etc..
Lower-cost solid fertilizer is prepared using plant stalk substance and sludge as raw material in method of the invention
Material.Preferred technical solution according to the present invention, the fertilizer based on plant stalk substance obtained using preparation method of the invention
Material can replace part chemical fertilizer, reduce fertilizer amount.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated combined with specific embodiments below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
This.
Pectase: commercial product.
Reed: being crushed length≤5cm, is first degenerated with the soda bath of 2wt%.
Sludge: sludge natural air drying to moisture content is lower than 45wt%.
Embodiment 1
(1) by pectase, catsup, fructus hippophae, cornstarch, soybean residue, wheat bran, vegetable oil residue and malt sugar with 38 DEG C
Warm water dilution, after mixing, aeration 2h or so obtains the first mixture.The content of each component is referring to table in first mixture
1。
Table 1
| Title | Pectase | Catsup | Fructus hippophae | Cornstarch | Soybean residue |
| Dosage (parts by weight) | 6 | 5 | 6 | 1.5 | 1.2 |
| Title | Wheat bran | Vegetable oil residue | Malt sugar | Water | |
| Dosage (parts by weight) | 1.2 | 1 | 1 | 77.1 |
By the first mixture at fermentation cylinder for fermentation 40 days of sealing, fermentation liquid is obtained.Preceding 10 days fermentation temperatures are 37
DEG C, subsequent 30 days fermentation temperatures are 25 DEG C or so.The open stirring 15 minutes or so daily of first 20 days needs, it is close in time after stirring
Envelope.It ferments successfully outstanding feature are as follows: fermented liquid has acetic acid taste, the distribution of fermentation liquid surface filiform.
(2) fermentation liquid and water that weight ratio is 1:20 are sufficiently mixed uniformly, obtain composite enzyme liquid.
(3) animal wastes, reed, sludge (reed wetland bed mud) and weathered coal are uniformly mixed, obtain the second mixing
Object, the content of each component is referring to table 2 in the second mixture.
Table 2
| Title | Animal wastes | Reed | Sludge | Weathered coal |
| Dosage (parts by weight) | 65 | 13 | 12 | 10 |
Second mixture is shakeout to a thickness of 30cm, a composite enzyme liquid is sprayed on the second mixture surface, is stirred
The second mixture is shakeout to a thickness of 30cm after mixing uniformly, then sprays a composite enzyme liquid.Heap is played to form heap width as 5m
With the heap body of a height of 3m of heap.The composite enzyme liquid is sprayed again after playing heap, is obtained to fermentation material.Using sealing anaerobic fermentation
Method will cover sealing post-fermentation 40 days equipped with the fermentor to fermentation material with blanket, obtain fertilizer.It is arranged according to yeastiness
Gas forms stomata exhaust with club, is conducive to improve curing efficiency.
Composite enzyme fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled upon to the earth's surface of 0.07 hectare, during then conpound salto is buried again.Soil can be improved in this way
Fertility, loosing soil be not hardened.
Embodiment 2
First mixture is replaced with into formula shown in table 3, the second mixture is replaced with into formula shown in table 4, sludge
Using pollution of river bed mud, remaining is same as Example 1.
Table 3
| Title | Pectase | Catsup | Fructus hippophae | Cornstarch | Soybean residue |
| Dosage (parts by weight) | 4.5 | 5.5 | 7 | 2.3 | 0.8 |
| Title | Wheat bran | Vegetable oil residue | Malt sugar | Water | |
| Dosage (parts by weight) | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 76 |
Table 4
| Title | Animal wastes | Reed | Sludge | Weathered coal |
| Dosage (parts by weight) | 50 | 12 | 23 | 15 |
Embodiment 3
First mixture is replaced with into formula shown in table 5, the second mixture is replaced with into formula shown in table 6, sludge
Using lake pollution bottom sediment, remaining is same as Example 1.
Table 5
| Title | Pectase | Catsup | Fructus hippophae | Cornstarch | Soybean residue |
| Dosage (parts by weight) | 3.5 | 7 | 6.5 | 2.7 | 0.7 |
| Title | Rice bran | Vegetable oil residue | Malt sugar | Water | |
| Dosage (parts by weight) | 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 75.1 |
Table 6
| Title | Animal wastes | Reed | Sludge | Weathered coal |
| Dosage (parts by weight) | 55 | 11 | 23 | 11 |
Present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, without departing from the essence of the present invention, this field skill
Any deformation, improvement, the replacement that art personnel are contemplated that each fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of the fertilizer based on plant stalk substance, which comprises the steps of:
(1) by 3~8wt% plant enzyme, 2~8wt% catsup, 5~8wt% fructus hippophae, 0.5~3wt% cornstarch,
0.5~2wt% soybean residue, 1~4wt% grain hulls, 0.5~2wt% vegetable oil residue, 0.5~2wt% malt sugar and surplus 35
~42 DEG C of water mixing, is aerated 25~200 minutes, obtains the first mixture；By the first fermented mixture 35~70 days, sent out
Zymotic fluid；
(2) fermentation liquid is diluted with water, obtains composite enzyme liquid；
(3) by 50~70wt% animal wastes, 10~25wt% plant stalk substance, 10~25wt% sludge and 10~
The mixing of 20wt% weathered coal, obtains the second mixture；Second mixture is contacted with the composite enzyme liquid, is obtained wait ferment
Object；It described will ferment 30~60 days to fermentation material, and obtain the fertilizer based on plant stalk substance；Wherein, plant stalk
Substance is reed and/or agricultural crop straw.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), preceding 10~15 days fermentation temperatures are
30~40 DEG C, subsequent fermentation temperature is 10~40 DEG C；Need within first 20~25 days stirring 10~50 minutes daily.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), in the first mixture, plant enzyme
Account for 4~7wt%, catsup accounts for 3~6wt%, fructus hippophae accounts for 6~7wt%, cornstarch accounts for 1~2.5wt%, soybean residue accounts for 0.8
~1.8wt%, grain hulls account for 2~4wt%, vegetable oil residue accounts for 0.8~1.8wt% and malt sugar accounts for 0.8~1.8wt%.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), grain hulls are selected from rice bran or wheat bran
It is one or more.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), the dosage of the water is the fermentation
5~50 times of liquid weight.
6. described in any item preparation methods according to claim 1~5, which is characterized in that in step (3), the plant stalk
Substance be length 5cm or less and through over-richness be 0.2~20wt% alkaline solution sprinkling and after maturation process 2~3 days
Obtained segment plant stalk substance.
7. preparation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in step (3), the moisture content of the sludge is lower than
45wt%.
8. preparation method according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that in step (3), it is wet that the sludge is selected from reed
Ground bed mud, pollution of river bed mud or lake pollution bottom sediment.
9. described in any item preparation methods according to claim 1~5, which is characterized in that step (3) includes following specific mistake
Journey: by 50~70wt% animal wastes, 10~25wt% plant stalk substance, 10~25wt% sludge and 10~20wt% wind
Change coal mixing, obtains the second mixture；Second mixture is shakeout to a thickness of 10~60cm, a composite enzyme is sprayed
Liquid；The second mixture is shakeout to a thickness of 10~60cm after mixing evenly, then sprays a composite enzyme liquid；Then by second
Mixture plays heap, and heap width is 1~10m, and a height of 1~5m of heap；The composite enzyme liquid is sprayed again after playing heap, is obtained pending
Ferment object；It described will ferment 20~50 days to fermentation material, and obtain the fertilizer.
10. a kind of fertilizer based on plant stalk substance, which is characterized in that use system according to any one of claims 1 to 9
Preparation Method obtains.
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| CN201910389813.7A CN109928839A (en) | 2019-05-10 | 2019-05-10 | Fertilizer and preparation method thereof based on plant stalk substance |
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| CN108558027A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-21 | 内蒙古济世源环保生物科技有限公司 | The method for reducing mud discharging using composite enzyme |
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2019
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| CN1785924A (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2006-06-14 | 袁登辉 | Amino acid organic fertilizer, its preparation method and use |
| CN105418328A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2016-03-23 | 范明月 | Preparation method of straw organic fertilizer |
| CN108358707A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-08-03 | 内蒙古济世源环保生物科技有限公司 | Composite enzyme fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108546719A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-18 | 内蒙古济世源环保生物科技有限公司 | Composite enzyme deodorant and its preparation method and application |
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Application publication date: 20190625 |